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I G.A.A. INDRAYANI
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Jl. Raya Karangploso, Po Box 199, Malang – Jawa Timur
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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EFEKTIVITAS NEMATODA ENTOMOPATOGEN Steinernema sp. PADA HAMA UTAMA BEBERAPA TANAMAN PERKEBUNAN DAN HORTIKULTURA I G.A.A. INDRAYANI; A. A. AGRA GOTHAMA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 2 (2005): JUNI 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n2.2005.60-66

Abstract

ABSTRAKNematoda  entomopatogen  Steinernema  sp.  telah  banyakdimanfaatkan sebagai agens hayati untuk mengendalikan serangga hama diluar negeri, namun di Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian adalahmengevaluasi efektivitas 3 strain Steinernema sp. lokal terhadap beberapahama utama tanaman perkebunan dan hortikultura. Penelitian ini dilakukandi Laboratorium Entomologi dan Kebun Percobaan, Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, Jawa Timur, mulai April 2001sampai Mei 2002. Tiga strain nematoda lokal, yaitu BT02, ML07, danAB05 diuji masing-masing pada konsentrasi 50; 100; 200; 400; dan 800Juvenil infektif (JI)/ml dan satu kontrol (tanpa JI). Sembilan spesiesserangga hama yang diuji yaitu Helicoverpa armigera, dan Pectinophoragossypiella (hama kapas), H. assulta dan Myzus persicae (tembakau),Plutella xylostella, dan Crocidolomia binotalis (kubis), Spodoptera exigua(bawang merah), Liriomyza sp. dan S. litura (bunga krisan). Setiap spesiesserangga mewakili satu unit pengujian. Setiap perlakuan dalam unitdisusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat ulangan.Aplikasi perlakuan dilakukan dengan metode vial, kultur sel, dan sumuran,tergantung perilaku serangga uji dan menggunakan spray chamber. Dilaboratorium, parameter yang diamati adalah sublethal (LC 25 ) dan lethalconcentration (LC 50 ), sublethal and lethal time (LT), dan produksi JI. Dilapang, hanya satu perlakuan tunggal yang digunakan yaitu LC 50 darisetiap strain nematoda. Sebanyak masing-masing 20 inang seranggadipajankan daun atau bagian tanaman yang telah disemprot dengansuspensi nematoda di lapang, kemudian serangga uji diamati dilaboratorium hingga mati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketigastrain nematoda menunjukkan efektif membunuh C. binotalis (BT02), P.xylostella, M. persicae (ML07), dan P. gossypiella (AB05), tetapi kurangefektif terhadap H. armigera (AB05), S. exigua dan S. litura (ML07), danLiriomyza sp. (BT02). Waktu efektif yang diperlukan nematoda untukmembunuh inang (Lethal Time) pada ketiga strain berkisar antara 1-4 hari.Selain efektif membunuh stadia larva, Steinernema sp. juga efektifterhadap prepupa dan pupa.Kata kunci : Tanaman  perkebunan,  hortikultura,  Steinernema  sp.,Helicoverpa armigera, Pectinophora gossypiella, H.assulta, Myzus persicae, Plutella xylostella, Crocidolomiabinotalis, Spodoptera exigua, S. litura, Liriomyza sp., juvenilinfektif, mortalitasABSTRACTEffectiveness of entomopathogenic nematode Steiner-nema sp. against major insect pests of plantation andhorticultureEntomopathogenic nematode of family Steinernematidae is aprospective agent for biological control of insect pests. It has been knownthat many species of insects can be infected by nematode and sometimesshowed different levels of infection. Laboratory and field study on theeffectiveness of Steinernema sp. against major insect pests of plantationand horticulture was carried out in Laboratory of Entomology andExperimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops ResearchInstitute (IToFCRI), Malang, East Java. The objective was to find out theeffectiveness of three local strains of Steinernema sp. to any differentmajor of insect pests of plantation and horticulture. Three local strains ofnematode tested as BT02, ML07, and AB05 which each consist of fivelevel concentrations of IJ, viz. 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 IJ/ml and oneuntreated with IJ as control were tested against nine species of insect, viz.H. armigera, P. gossypiella (cotton), H. assulta and M. persicae (tobacco),P. xylostella and C. binotalis (cabbage), S. exigua (red onion), Liriomyzasp. and S. litura (chrysanthemum). Each species of insect was tested asone unit of test and treated with the same level of concentration. Eachtreatment in every unit of test was arranged in randomized completedesign with four replications. Application method of treatment used werevial, cell culture plate, and well, depends on insect behaviour. Nematodesuspension was applied by using spray chamber. Parameters observedwere sublethal and lethal concentration, sublethal and lethal time and IJproduction. In field study, only one single treatment LC 50 was used toobserve the insect mortality. In this study, twenty of insect hosts were fedon treated-sample leaves collected from the field and observed till death.The result showed that all strains of Steinernema sp. were morepathogenic and effective against C. binotallis (BT02), P. xylostella and M.persicae (ML07), and P. gossypiella (AB05), but less pathogenic againstH. armigera (AB05), S. exigua and S. litura (ML07), and Liriomyza sp.(BT02). Time needed (LT) to kill the insect host was ranged from one tofour days. Strains of nematode tested were not only effective against larvaebut also effective to kill prepupae and pupae of insect host.Key words : Estate crops, horticulture, Steinernema sp., H. armigera, P.gossypiella, H. assulta, M. persicae, P. xylostella, C.binotalis, S. exigua, Liriomyza sp, S. litura, infectivejuvenile, mortality
PENGARUH KERAPATAN BULU DAUN PADA TANAMAN KAPAS TERHADAP KOLONISASI Bemisia tabaci GENNADIUS I G.A.A. INDRAYANI; EMY SULISTYOWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 3 (2005): SEPTEMBER 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n3.2005.101-106

Abstract

ABSTRACTKetahanan tanaman terhadap serangga hama berdasarkan karaktermorfologi bulu (trichom) pada daun merupakan salah satu cara potensialmengurangi penggunaan insektisida kimia dalam pengendalian hama.Serangga hama pengisap Bemisia tabaci pada tanaman kapas juga dapatdikendalikan dengan menggunakan varietas kapas resisten berdasarkankarakter morfologi bulu daun. Penelitian peranan kerapatan bulu daunpada tanaman kapas terhadap kolonisasi B. tabaci Gennadius dilakukan diKebun Percobaan Pasirian, Kabupaten Lumajang, dan di LaboratoriumEntomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, mulaiApril hingga Juli 2005. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahuiperanan kerapatan bulu daun pada beberapa aksesi plasma nutfah kapasterhadap kolonisasi B. tabaci. Perlakuan terdiri atas 11 aksesi plasmanutfah kapas yang dipilih berdasarkan penilaian visual pada karakterkerapatan bulu daun yang mewakili kerapatan bulu rendah hingga tinggi,yaitu: (1) KK-3 (KI 638), (2) Kanesia 1 (KI 436), (3) A/35 Reba P 279 (KI257), (4) Acala 1517 (KI 174), (5) Asembagus 5/A/1 (KI 162), (6) 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1 (KI 76), (7) DP Acala 90 (KI 23), (8) TAMCOT SP21 (KI 6)), (9) Kanesia 8 (KI 677), (10) CTX-8 (KI 494), dan (11) CTX-1(KI 487). Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan10 ulangan. Paramater yang diamati adalah jumlah bulu daun, telur dannimfa pada 1 cm2 luas daun, serta jumlah imago B. tabaci pada daunketiga dari atas tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatanbulu daun berkorelasi positif dengan kolonisasi B. tabaci (R=0,9701).Semakin tinggi kerapatan bulu daun, semakin meningkat kolonisasi B.tabaci. Kolonisasi B. tabaci lebih tinggi pada CTX-1, CTX-8, Kanesia 8,dan KK-3 (150-250 individu/cm 2 luas daun) karena tingkat kerapatan buludaun juga lebih tinggi (150-300 helai/cm 2 luas daun) dibanding TAMCOTSP 21, DP Acala 90, 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1, Asembagus 5/A/1, Acala1517, A/35 Reba P 279, dan Kanesia 1 yang memiliki kerapatan bulu daun(0-100 helai/cm 2 luas daun) dan tingkat kolonisasi B. tabaci (<100individu/cm 2 luas daun) lebih rendah.Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, plasma nutfah, hama, Bemisiatabaci, trichom, kolonisasi, Jawa TimurABSTRACTRole of trichome density of cotton leaf to colonization ofBemisia tabaci GennadiusTrichome-based host plant resistance offers the potential to reducechemical insecticides used in insect pest control. Cotton whitefly, Bemisiatabaci can be controlled by using resistant variety based on trichomedensity as plant morphological characteristics. The study on the role oftrichome density of cotton accessions on the colonization of B. tabaci wascarried out at Pasirian Experimental Station at Lumajang, and atEntomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops ResearchInstitute (IToFCRI ) in Malang from April to July 2005. Treatmentsincluded 11 cotton accessions, viz. (1) KK-3 (KI 638), (2) Kanesia 1 (KI436), (3) A/35 Reba P 279 (KI 257), (4) Acala 1517 (KI 174), (5)Asembagus 5/A/1 (KI 162), (6) 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1 (KI 76), (7) DPAcala 90 (KI 23), (8) TAMCOT SP 21 (KI 6)), (9) Kanesia 8 (KI 677),(10) CTX-8 (KI 494), and (11) CTX-1 (KI 487). The experiment wasarranged in completely randomized design with ten replications.Parameters observed were trichome density, number of eggs and nymphson one cm2 of leaf and adult of B. tabaci on 3rd highest leaf of cottonplant. The result showed that trichome density was positively correlatedwith B. tabaci colonization (R=0,9701) in which higher trichome densityof cotton leaf has resulted in great colonization of B. tabaci. Bemisiatabaci colonisation was higher on CTX-1, CTX-8, Kanesia 8, and KK-3(150-250 individu/cm2 of leaf) due to dense trichome (150-300trichomes/cm2 leaf) as compared with other accessions, viz. TAMCOTSP 21, DP Acala 90, 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1, Asembagus 5/A/1, Acala1517, A/35 Reba P 279, and Kanesia 1 which showed less density of leaftrichome (0-100 trichomes/cm2 of leaf) and B. tabaci colonization (< 100individu/cm2 of leaf).Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, cotton accession, pest,Bemisia tabaci, trichome, colonization
PENGARUH KERAPATAN BULU DAUN PADA TANAMAN KAPAS TERHADAP KOLONISASI Bemisia tabaci GENNADIUS I G.A.A. INDRAYANI; EMY SULISTYOWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 3 (2005): SEPTEMBER 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n3.2005.101-106

Abstract

ABSTRACTKetahanan tanaman terhadap serangga hama berdasarkan karaktermorfologi bulu (trichom) pada daun merupakan salah satu cara potensialmengurangi penggunaan insektisida kimia dalam pengendalian hama.Serangga hama pengisap Bemisia tabaci pada tanaman kapas juga dapatdikendalikan dengan menggunakan varietas kapas resisten berdasarkankarakter morfologi bulu daun. Penelitian peranan kerapatan bulu daunpada tanaman kapas terhadap kolonisasi B. tabaci Gennadius dilakukan diKebun Percobaan Pasirian, Kabupaten Lumajang, dan di LaboratoriumEntomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, mulaiApril hingga Juli 2005. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahuiperanan kerapatan bulu daun pada beberapa aksesi plasma nutfah kapasterhadap kolonisasi B. tabaci. Perlakuan terdiri atas 11 aksesi plasmanutfah kapas yang dipilih berdasarkan penilaian visual pada karakterkerapatan bulu daun yang mewakili kerapatan bulu rendah hingga tinggi,yaitu: (1) KK-3 (KI 638), (2) Kanesia 1 (KI 436), (3) A/35 Reba P 279 (KI257), (4) Acala 1517 (KI 174), (5) Asembagus 5/A/1 (KI 162), (6) 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1 (KI 76), (7) DP Acala 90 (KI 23), (8) TAMCOT SP21 (KI 6)), (9) Kanesia 8 (KI 677), (10) CTX-8 (KI 494), dan (11) CTX-1(KI 487). Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan10 ulangan. Paramater yang diamati adalah jumlah bulu daun, telur dannimfa pada 1 cm2 luas daun, serta jumlah imago B. tabaci pada daunketiga dari atas tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatanbulu daun berkorelasi positif dengan kolonisasi B. tabaci (R=0,9701).Semakin tinggi kerapatan bulu daun, semakin meningkat kolonisasi B.tabaci. Kolonisasi B. tabaci lebih tinggi pada CTX-1, CTX-8, Kanesia 8,dan KK-3 (150-250 individu/cm 2 luas daun) karena tingkat kerapatan buludaun juga lebih tinggi (150-300 helai/cm 2 luas daun) dibanding TAMCOTSP 21, DP Acala 90, 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1, Asembagus 5/A/1, Acala1517, A/35 Reba P 279, dan Kanesia 1 yang memiliki kerapatan bulu daun(0-100 helai/cm 2 luas daun) dan tingkat kolonisasi B. tabaci (<100individu/cm 2 luas daun) lebih rendah.Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, plasma nutfah, hama, Bemisiatabaci, trichom, kolonisasi, Jawa TimurABSTRACTRole of trichome density of cotton leaf to colonization ofBemisia tabaci GennadiusTrichome-based host plant resistance offers the potential to reducechemical insecticides used in insect pest control. Cotton whitefly, Bemisiatabaci can be controlled by using resistant variety based on trichomedensity as plant morphological characteristics. The study on the role oftrichome density of cotton accessions on the colonization of B. tabaci wascarried out at Pasirian Experimental Station at Lumajang, and atEntomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops ResearchInstitute (IToFCRI ) in Malang from April to July 2005. Treatmentsincluded 11 cotton accessions, viz. (1) KK-3 (KI 638), (2) Kanesia 1 (KI436), (3) A/35 Reba P 279 (KI 257), (4) Acala 1517 (KI 174), (5)Asembagus 5/A/1 (KI 162), (6) 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1 (KI 76), (7) DPAcala 90 (KI 23), (8) TAMCOT SP 21 (KI 6)), (9) Kanesia 8 (KI 677),(10) CTX-8 (KI 494), and (11) CTX-1 (KI 487). The experiment wasarranged in completely randomized design with ten replications.Parameters observed were trichome density, number of eggs and nymphson one cm2 of leaf and adult of B. tabaci on 3rd highest leaf of cottonplant. The result showed that trichome density was positively correlatedwith B. tabaci colonization (R=0,9701) in which higher trichome densityof cotton leaf has resulted in great colonization of B. tabaci. Bemisiatabaci colonisation was higher on CTX-1, CTX-8, Kanesia 8, and KK-3(150-250 individu/cm2 of leaf) due to dense trichome (150-300trichomes/cm2 leaf) as compared with other accessions, viz. TAMCOTSP 21, DP Acala 90, 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1, Asembagus 5/A/1, Acala1517, A/35 Reba P 279, and Kanesia 1 which showed less density of leaftrichome (0-100 trichomes/cm2 of leaf) and B. tabaci colonization (< 100individu/cm2 of leaf).Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, cotton accession, pest,Bemisia tabaci, trichome, colonization
EFEKTIVITAS NEMATODA ENTOMOPATOGEN Steinernema sp. PADA HAMA UTAMA BEBERAPA TANAMAN PERKEBUNAN DAN HORTIKULTURA I G.A.A. INDRAYANI; A. A. AGRA GOTHAMA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 2 (2005): JUNI 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n2.2005.60-66

Abstract

ABSTRAKNematoda  entomopatogen  Steinernema  sp.  telah  banyakdimanfaatkan sebagai agens hayati untuk mengendalikan serangga hama diluar negeri, namun di Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian adalahmengevaluasi efektivitas 3 strain Steinernema sp. lokal terhadap beberapahama utama tanaman perkebunan dan hortikultura. Penelitian ini dilakukandi Laboratorium Entomologi dan Kebun Percobaan, Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, Jawa Timur, mulai April 2001sampai Mei 2002. Tiga strain nematoda lokal, yaitu BT02, ML07, danAB05 diuji masing-masing pada konsentrasi 50; 100; 200; 400; dan 800Juvenil infektif (JI)/ml dan satu kontrol (tanpa JI). Sembilan spesiesserangga hama yang diuji yaitu Helicoverpa armigera, dan Pectinophoragossypiella (hama kapas), H. assulta dan Myzus persicae (tembakau),Plutella xylostella, dan Crocidolomia binotalis (kubis), Spodoptera exigua(bawang merah), Liriomyza sp. dan S. litura (bunga krisan). Setiap spesiesserangga mewakili satu unit pengujian. Setiap perlakuan dalam unitdisusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat ulangan.Aplikasi perlakuan dilakukan dengan metode vial, kultur sel, dan sumuran,tergantung perilaku serangga uji dan menggunakan spray chamber. Dilaboratorium, parameter yang diamati adalah sublethal (LC 25 ) dan lethalconcentration (LC 50 ), sublethal and lethal time (LT), dan produksi JI. Dilapang, hanya satu perlakuan tunggal yang digunakan yaitu LC 50 darisetiap strain nematoda. Sebanyak masing-masing 20 inang seranggadipajankan daun atau bagian tanaman yang telah disemprot dengansuspensi nematoda di lapang, kemudian serangga uji diamati dilaboratorium hingga mati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketigastrain nematoda menunjukkan efektif membunuh C. binotalis (BT02), P.xylostella, M. persicae (ML07), dan P. gossypiella (AB05), tetapi kurangefektif terhadap H. armigera (AB05), S. exigua dan S. litura (ML07), danLiriomyza sp. (BT02). Waktu efektif yang diperlukan nematoda untukmembunuh inang (Lethal Time) pada ketiga strain berkisar antara 1-4 hari.Selain efektif membunuh stadia larva, Steinernema sp. juga efektifterhadap prepupa dan pupa.Kata kunci : Tanaman  perkebunan,  hortikultura,  Steinernema  sp.,Helicoverpa armigera, Pectinophora gossypiella, H.assulta, Myzus persicae, Plutella xylostella, Crocidolomiabinotalis, Spodoptera exigua, S. litura, Liriomyza sp., juvenilinfektif, mortalitasABSTRACTEffectiveness of entomopathogenic nematode Steiner-nema sp. against major insect pests of plantation andhorticultureEntomopathogenic nematode of family Steinernematidae is aprospective agent for biological control of insect pests. It has been knownthat many species of insects can be infected by nematode and sometimesshowed different levels of infection. Laboratory and field study on theeffectiveness of Steinernema sp. against major insect pests of plantationand horticulture was carried out in Laboratory of Entomology andExperimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops ResearchInstitute (IToFCRI), Malang, East Java. The objective was to find out theeffectiveness of three local strains of Steinernema sp. to any differentmajor of insect pests of plantation and horticulture. Three local strains ofnematode tested as BT02, ML07, and AB05 which each consist of fivelevel concentrations of IJ, viz. 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 IJ/ml and oneuntreated with IJ as control were tested against nine species of insect, viz.H. armigera, P. gossypiella (cotton), H. assulta and M. persicae (tobacco),P. xylostella and C. binotalis (cabbage), S. exigua (red onion), Liriomyzasp. and S. litura (chrysanthemum). Each species of insect was tested asone unit of test and treated with the same level of concentration. Eachtreatment in every unit of test was arranged in randomized completedesign with four replications. Application method of treatment used werevial, cell culture plate, and well, depends on insect behaviour. Nematodesuspension was applied by using spray chamber. Parameters observedwere sublethal and lethal concentration, sublethal and lethal time and IJproduction. In field study, only one single treatment LC 50 was used toobserve the insect mortality. In this study, twenty of insect hosts were fedon treated-sample leaves collected from the field and observed till death.The result showed that all strains of Steinernema sp. were morepathogenic and effective against C. binotallis (BT02), P. xylostella and M.persicae (ML07), and P. gossypiella (AB05), but less pathogenic againstH. armigera (AB05), S. exigua and S. litura (ML07), and Liriomyza sp.(BT02). Time needed (LT) to kill the insect host was ranged from one tofour days. Strains of nematode tested were not only effective against larvaebut also effective to kill prepupae and pupae of insect host.Key words : Estate crops, horticulture, Steinernema sp., H. armigera, P.gossypiella, H. assulta, M. persicae, P. xylostella, C.binotalis, S. exigua, Liriomyza sp, S. litura, infectivejuvenile, mortality
Co-Authors A. A. AGRA GOTHAMA EMY SULISTYOWATI