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SIWI SUMARTINI
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Jl. Raya Karangploso, Kotak Pos 199, Malang
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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PENGARUH UKURAN BRAKTEA BEBERAPA AKSESI KAPAS TERHADAP TINGKAT SERANGAN HAMA PENGGEREK BUAH Helicoverpa armigera (HUBNER) IG.A.A. INDRAYANI; SIWI SUMARTINI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 4 (2007): DESEMBER 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n4.2007.125-129

Abstract

ABSTRAKHingga kini teknik perakitan varietas kapas tahan hama masihdilakukan secara konvensional berdasarkan beberapa karakter morfologitanaman, seperti: bulu daun, daun okra, braktea berpilin, nektar, dangosipol tinggi. Karakter-karakter ini diketahui erat hubungannya denganketahanan terhadap hama, khususnya H. armigera. Berkaitan denganserangan H. armigera pada buah, diduga ada bagian-bagian buah kapasyang berkontribusi secara langsung pada serangan hama ini, misalnyabraktea buah. Namun demikian, besarnya pengaruh braktea terhadapkerusakan buah kapas perlu dipelajari dalam upaya meminimalkankerusakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuranbraktea terhadap tingkat kerusakan buah oleh H. armigera pada beberapaaksesi kapas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat, di Asembagus, Situbondo, Jawa Timurmulai bulan Januari hingga Desember 2006. Sebanyak 18 aksesi dari 50aksesi kapas dengan berbagai variasi ukuran braktea digunakan sebagaiperlakuan. Setiap perlakuan (aksesi) disusun dalam rancangan acakkelompok (RAK), dengan tiga kali ulangan. Lima tanaman kapas darimasing-masing aksesi ditentukan secara acak, dan sebanyak 5 buah kapasmuda (diameter ± 4 cm) dipetik dari masing-masing tanaman sampel,kemudian dibawa ke laboratorium untuk diukur luas braktea dan buahnya.Selain itu dilakukan pula pengamatan kerusakan buah dan hasil kapasberbiji di lapang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran brakteaberkorelasi positif dengan tingkat kerusakan buah (R 2 = 0,9014), sehinggabraktea berukuran besar dan lebar serta menutupi buah secara totalberpotensi mengalami kerusakan akibat serangan H. armigera lebih tinggidibanding braktea berukuran kecil dan sempit. Ukuran panjang dan lebarbraktea pada 18 aksesi kapas bervariasi antar aksesi dan masing-masingberkorelasi positif dengan luas (R 2 = 0,876; R 2 = 0,894). Hasil penelitianini dapat dimanfaatkan dalam merakit varietas tahan hama, dankombinasinya dengan karakter-karakter morfologi kapas yang sudah adauntuk menghasilkan varietas kapas baru dengan tingkat ketahanan yanglebih tinggi terhadap hama penggerek buah H. armigera.Katakunci : Braktea, Helicoverpa armigera, aksesi kapas, karaktermorfologi.ABSTRACTEffects of bract size of several cotton accessions toAmerican bollworm injury levelConventional  method  by  crossing  technique  based  onmorphological characters of plant is now still used in providing resistantvarieties of cotton against insect bollworms. A number of geneticcharacters are now available and have been studying for their assosiationwith insect pests resistance such as hairiness, okra leaf, frego bract,nectariless, and high gossypol. Regarding to boll damage by H. armigera,it can be mentioned that there are many other morphological characters ofcotton attributable to bollworm damage, such as floral bract. As a part ofboll, it is estimated that bracts assosiated with bollworm attacked due totheir larger size compared with boll size. Objective of the study was to findout the effect of bract size in relation to bollworm damage on cottonaccessions. The study was conducted at Experimental Station ofIndonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute in Asembagus,Situbondo, East Java from January to December 2006. Eighteen of fiftycotton accessions were used as treatment and they were arranged inRandomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Five randomlycotton plants from each accession and five young bolls were sampledfrom the selected plant with about 4 cm of diameter were brought in thelaboratory to collect information on bract and boll sizes. Bollwormdamage was determined by counting the damaged bolls in the field as wellas the seed cotton yield. Result showed that bract size was positivelycorrelated with boll damage (R 2 = 0.9014). Higher damaged bolls occuredon bolls which is covered completely by bracts. There is variation betweenlength and wide size of bracts among cotton accessions and both showedpositive correlation to bract area (R 2 = 0.876; R 2 = 0.894). Based on thisstudy, higher resistance of cotton variety against H. armigera willpossiblly be provided through combination between bract size and anyother morphological characters of cotton.Key words : Floral bract, Helicoverpa armigera, cotton accession,morphological character
PERBAIKAN VARIETAS UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAN MUTU SERAT KAPAS EMY SULISTYOWATI; SIWI SUMARTINI; ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN; SRI RUSTINI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 2 (2009): Juni 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n2.2009.66-76

Abstract

ABSTRAKPersilangan kapas yang dilakukan pada tahun 1999 denganmelibatkan 11 varietas kapas sebagai tetua betina dan lima varietas kapassebagai tetua jantan telah menghasilkan 22 set persilangan kapas. Adapuntujuan persilangan tersebut adalah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas danmutu serat varietas kapas nasional Indonesia. Program perbaikan varietasini menggunakan pendekatan seleksi pedigree pada F3, dan dilanjutkandengan seleksi galur pada generasi F5 dan selanjutnya. Pada kegiatanseleksi galur tahun 2004-2005 di Kebun Percobaan Asembagus, dari 22genotipe generasi F4 yang diseleksi dengan kriteria seleksi produktivitas >3 ton kapas berbiji/ha telah dihasilkan 23 galur harapan. Pada generasi F6dilakukan uji daya hasil dari 23 galur tersebut. Dari pengujian daya hasilgalur-galur tersebut pada tahun 2006, telah dihasilkan enam galur harapanyang memiliki tingkat produktivitas secara statistika tidak berbeda denganatau lebih tinggi dari Kanesia 8 dengan panjang serat > 1,16 inch, kekuatanserat > 30,77 g/tex, dan kehalusan serat antara 3,5 – 4,5 mic, yaitu99004/5, 99005/9, 99013/5, 99023/5, 99023/7, dan 99023/8. Galur-galurtersebut selanjutnya akan diuji secara multilokasi untuk menilai stabilitasekspresi genetiknya di beberapa wilayah pengembangan kapas.Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, kapas, produktivitas, mutu seratABSTRACTVarietal Improvement for Increase of Productivity andQuality of Cotton Fiber Cotton breeding conducted since 1999 involving 11 varieties asfemale parent, and five varieties as male parents has resulted in 22crossing sets. The aim was to improve productivity level as well as fiberquality of national cotton varieties of Indonesia. The breeding approachwas accomplished by pedigree selection on F3 generation, which was thencontinued with line selection from F5 generation. From the line selectionactivity carried out at Asembagus Experimental Station during 2004-2005,out of 22 genotypes selected at the F4 generation based on productivitylevel of > 3 ton seed cotton/ha as selection criteria, 23 promising lines hadbeen selected which were then tested in a yield potential test. From theyield potential test conducted in 2006, six promising lines had beenselected whose productivity levels were statistically not different from orhigher than Kanesia 8 with fiber length of >1.16 inch, fiber strength>30.77 g/tex, and fiber fineness 3.5-4.5 mic. Those promising lines wouldthen be tested in multilocation trials to evaluate the stability of theirgenetic expression in several cotton development areas.Key words : Gossypium hirsutum, cotton, productivity, fiber properties
PENGARUH UKURAN BRAKTEA BEBERAPA AKSESI KAPAS TERHADAP TINGKAT SERANGAN HAMA PENGGEREK BUAH Helicoverpa armigera (HUBNER) IG.A.A. INDRAYANI; SIWI SUMARTINI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 4 (2007): DESEMBER 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n4.2007.125-129

Abstract

ABSTRAKHingga kini teknik perakitan varietas kapas tahan hama masihdilakukan secara konvensional berdasarkan beberapa karakter morfologitanaman, seperti: bulu daun, daun okra, braktea berpilin, nektar, dangosipol tinggi. Karakter-karakter ini diketahui erat hubungannya denganketahanan terhadap hama, khususnya H. armigera. Berkaitan denganserangan H. armigera pada buah, diduga ada bagian-bagian buah kapasyang berkontribusi secara langsung pada serangan hama ini, misalnyabraktea buah. Namun demikian, besarnya pengaruh braktea terhadapkerusakan buah kapas perlu dipelajari dalam upaya meminimalkankerusakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuranbraktea terhadap tingkat kerusakan buah oleh H. armigera pada beberapaaksesi kapas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat, di Asembagus, Situbondo, Jawa Timurmulai bulan Januari hingga Desember 2006. Sebanyak 18 aksesi dari 50aksesi kapas dengan berbagai variasi ukuran braktea digunakan sebagaiperlakuan. Setiap perlakuan (aksesi) disusun dalam rancangan acakkelompok (RAK), dengan tiga kali ulangan. Lima tanaman kapas darimasing-masing aksesi ditentukan secara acak, dan sebanyak 5 buah kapasmuda (diameter ± 4 cm) dipetik dari masing-masing tanaman sampel,kemudian dibawa ke laboratorium untuk diukur luas braktea dan buahnya.Selain itu dilakukan pula pengamatan kerusakan buah dan hasil kapasberbiji di lapang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran brakteaberkorelasi positif dengan tingkat kerusakan buah (R 2 = 0,9014), sehinggabraktea berukuran besar dan lebar serta menutupi buah secara totalberpotensi mengalami kerusakan akibat serangan H. armigera lebih tinggidibanding braktea berukuran kecil dan sempit. Ukuran panjang dan lebarbraktea pada 18 aksesi kapas bervariasi antar aksesi dan masing-masingberkorelasi positif dengan luas (R 2 = 0,876; R 2 = 0,894). Hasil penelitianini dapat dimanfaatkan dalam merakit varietas tahan hama, dankombinasinya dengan karakter-karakter morfologi kapas yang sudah adauntuk menghasilkan varietas kapas baru dengan tingkat ketahanan yanglebih tinggi terhadap hama penggerek buah H. armigera.Katakunci : Braktea, Helicoverpa armigera, aksesi kapas, karaktermorfologi.ABSTRACTEffects of bract size of several cotton accessions toAmerican bollworm injury levelConventional  method  by  crossing  technique  based  onmorphological characters of plant is now still used in providing resistantvarieties of cotton against insect bollworms. A number of geneticcharacters are now available and have been studying for their assosiationwith insect pests resistance such as hairiness, okra leaf, frego bract,nectariless, and high gossypol. Regarding to boll damage by H. armigera,it can be mentioned that there are many other morphological characters ofcotton attributable to bollworm damage, such as floral bract. As a part ofboll, it is estimated that bracts assosiated with bollworm attacked due totheir larger size compared with boll size. Objective of the study was to findout the effect of bract size in relation to bollworm damage on cottonaccessions. The study was conducted at Experimental Station ofIndonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute in Asembagus,Situbondo, East Java from January to December 2006. Eighteen of fiftycotton accessions were used as treatment and they were arranged inRandomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Five randomlycotton plants from each accession and five young bolls were sampledfrom the selected plant with about 4 cm of diameter were brought in thelaboratory to collect information on bract and boll sizes. Bollwormdamage was determined by counting the damaged bolls in the field as wellas the seed cotton yield. Result showed that bract size was positivelycorrelated with boll damage (R 2 = 0.9014). Higher damaged bolls occuredon bolls which is covered completely by bracts. There is variation betweenlength and wide size of bracts among cotton accessions and both showedpositive correlation to bract area (R 2 = 0.876; R 2 = 0.894). Based on thisstudy, higher resistance of cotton variety against H. armigera willpossiblly be provided through combination between bract size and anyother morphological characters of cotton.Key words : Floral bract, Helicoverpa armigera, cotton accession,morphological character
PERBAIKAN VARIETAS UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAN MUTU SERAT KAPAS EMY SULISTYOWATI; SIWI SUMARTINI; ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN; SRI RUSTINI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 2 (2009): Juni 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n2.2009.66-76

Abstract

ABSTRAKPersilangan kapas yang dilakukan pada tahun 1999 denganmelibatkan 11 varietas kapas sebagai tetua betina dan lima varietas kapassebagai tetua jantan telah menghasilkan 22 set persilangan kapas. Adapuntujuan persilangan tersebut adalah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas danmutu serat varietas kapas nasional Indonesia. Program perbaikan varietasini menggunakan pendekatan seleksi pedigree pada F3, dan dilanjutkandengan seleksi galur pada generasi F5 dan selanjutnya. Pada kegiatanseleksi galur tahun 2004-2005 di Kebun Percobaan Asembagus, dari 22genotipe generasi F4 yang diseleksi dengan kriteria seleksi produktivitas >3 ton kapas berbiji/ha telah dihasilkan 23 galur harapan. Pada generasi F6dilakukan uji daya hasil dari 23 galur tersebut. Dari pengujian daya hasilgalur-galur tersebut pada tahun 2006, telah dihasilkan enam galur harapanyang memiliki tingkat produktivitas secara statistika tidak berbeda denganatau lebih tinggi dari Kanesia 8 dengan panjang serat > 1,16 inch, kekuatanserat > 30,77 g/tex, dan kehalusan serat antara 3,5 – 4,5 mic, yaitu99004/5, 99005/9, 99013/5, 99023/5, 99023/7, dan 99023/8. Galur-galurtersebut selanjutnya akan diuji secara multilokasi untuk menilai stabilitasekspresi genetiknya di beberapa wilayah pengembangan kapas.Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, kapas, produktivitas, mutu seratABSTRACTVarietal Improvement for Increase of Productivity andQuality of Cotton Fiber Cotton breeding conducted since 1999 involving 11 varieties asfemale parent, and five varieties as male parents has resulted in 22crossing sets. The aim was to improve productivity level as well as fiberquality of national cotton varieties of Indonesia. The breeding approachwas accomplished by pedigree selection on F3 generation, which was thencontinued with line selection from F5 generation. From the line selectionactivity carried out at Asembagus Experimental Station during 2004-2005,out of 22 genotypes selected at the F4 generation based on productivitylevel of > 3 ton seed cotton/ha as selection criteria, 23 promising lines hadbeen selected which were then tested in a yield potential test. From theyield potential test conducted in 2006, six promising lines had beenselected whose productivity levels were statistically not different from orhigher than Kanesia 8 with fiber length of >1.16 inch, fiber strength>30.77 g/tex, and fiber fineness 3.5-4.5 mic. Those promising lines wouldthen be tested in multilocation trials to evaluate the stability of theirgenetic expression in several cotton development areas.Key words : Gossypium hirsutum, cotton, productivity, fiber properties
Co-Authors ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN EMY SULISTYOWATI IG.A.A. INDRAYANI SRI RUSTINI