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Wahyunto Wahyunto
Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Jl. Tentara Pelajar No. 12, Bogor 16114
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

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Lahan Sawah Sebagai Pendukung Ketahanan Pangan serta Strategi Pencapaian Kemandirian Pangan Wahyunto Wahyunto; Fitri Widiastuti
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 8, No 3 (2014): Edisi Khusus
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jsdl.v8n3.2014.%p

Abstract

Abstrak. Lahan sawah di Indonesia terdiri atas: sawah irigasi, sawah tadah hujan, sawah pasang surut, dan sawah lebak, dengan total luas 8,1 juta ha, namun produksi padi nasional sebagian besar berasal dari lahan sawah irigasi (67,5%), dan sawah tadah hujan (27,5%). Kedua sawah tersebut 43% di antaranya terdapat di Pulau Jawa. Ketergantungan produksi padi dari lahan sawah irigasi di Pulau Jawa cukup beresiko tinggi, mengingat lahan sawah di Pulau Jawa semakin sempit akibat konversi lahan ke non pertanian. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan, usaha ketahanan dan kemandirian pangan, pemanfaatan teknologi baru dalam peningkatan produksi dan produktivitas padi sawah harus disertai dengan perbaikan teknis budidaya dengan tetap memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungan. Upaya mendukung kemandirian pangan harus dibarengi dengan usaha pengurangan laju konversi lahan sawah, peningkatan kapasitas produksi, luas tanam dan Indek Pertanaman (IP) padi, perbaikan sistem/jaringan irigasi, serta penambahan luas lahan baku sawah.Abstract. Wetland rice in Indonesia consists of: irrigated rice, rainfed, lowland tidal and swampy/deep water rice fields, with a total area of 8.1 million ha. However, most of the national rice production comes from irrigated land (67.5%), and rainfed (27.5%), Both type of rice fields are 43% of which are located in Java islands. Rice production mostly concentrated at irrigated land is quite high risk, when paddy field area in Java island accelerated and coverted to non agriculture uses, and levelling off it productivity. To meet the needs of food resilience and food self-sufficiency, application of new technologies in increasing production and rice productivity, cultivation techniques should be improved with regard to environmental sustainability. To achieve foodcrop farming on sustainable basis, the farming system could be integrated with livestock, fisheries and forestry sectors. Efforts to support food self-sufficiency should be in line with efforts to reduce the rate of wetland conversion, increasing of rice productivity and rice planting intensity, rehabilitation of irrigation systems and networks as well as rice field expansion.
Penggunaan Citra Penginderaan Jauh untuk Mendukung Mitigasi Dampak Perubahan Iklim di Sektor Pertanian Kusumo Nugroho; Wahyunto Wahyunto
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 9, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jsdl.v9n1.2015.%p

Abstract

Abstrak. Penggunaan citra penginderaan jauh dalam menghadapi dampak perubahan iklim saat ini, memerlukan data geospasialdalam identifikasi dampak dan sumber sumber yang berpengaruh terhadap perubahan iklim. Dampak perubahan iklim yangberdampak pada lahan dan lingkungan dapat dikaji dari penginderaan jauh, adalah suhu udara, curah hujan, kenaikan air laut(batimetri) dan proses kebakaran lahan. Dampak perubahan iklim terhadap sumberdaya lahan dapat dikaji dengan penginderaanjauh seperti berkurangnya areal hutan, kebakaran hutan dan lahan, perubahan ekologi dan kondisi hutan dan keanekaragamanhayati. Perubahan lahan, akibat kekeringan kebanjiran atau perubahan luapan. Penginderaan jauh dapat mengkaji kenaikan suhu,dan estimasi emisi gas rumah kaca selain perubahan pola curah hujan, dan kejadian iklim ekstrim. Intrusi air laut yang berkaitandengan perubahan garis pantai dapat dirunut dari penginderaan jauh. Data spasial dari penginderaan jauh juga menjadi dasarpenggunaan tanaman rendah emisi, cara mengelola air untuk mengurangi terjadinya oksidasi bahan organik. Peran penginderaanjauh untuk mitigasi perubahan iklim dapat diperhatikan dalam hal pengamatan sumberdaya lahan dan hidrologi, lahan gambut,biomasa sebagai sumber cadangan karbon, monitoring perubahan pengunaan lahan, indikator penting terjadinya perubahankondisi hidrologi. Makalah ini membahas peranan teknik penginderaan jauh dalam menyikapi dampak perubahan iklim terhadapsumber daya tanah dan air di Indonesia dengan contoh-contoh aplikasi yang telah dilakukan.Abstract. The use of remote sensing image in the face of climate change impacts at this time, require the identification of theimpact of geospatial data and resources that affect climate change. Impact of climate change on land and environmental impactcan be seen from remote sensing, is the air temperature, precipitation, sea level rise (bathymetry) and the process of land fires.The impact of climate change can be observed by remote sensing through the reduction of forest area, forest and land fires,changes in forest conditions and the ecology and biodiversity changes in land, flood or drought due to changes in the floodingbehaviour. Remote sensing can assess the increase in temperature, and estimation of greenhouse gas emissions in addition tochanges in rainfall patterns, and extreme climate events. Seawater intrusion associated with changes in the shoreline can betraced from remote sensing. Spatial data from remote sensing is also the basis for the use of low-emission plants, how to managethe water to reduce the oxidation of organic matter. The role of remote sensing for the mitigation of climate change can beaddressed in terms of land resources and hydrological observations, peat, biomass as a source of carbon stocks, monitoringchanges in land use, an important indicator of changes in hydrological conditions. This paper discusses the role of remote sensingtechniques in addressing the impacts of climate change on land and water resources in Indonesia with examples of applicationsthat have been done.
Degradasi Lahan di Indonesia: Kondisi Existing, Karakteristik, dan Penyeragaman Definisi Mendukung Gerakan Menuju Satu Peta Wahyunto Wahyunto; Ai Dariah
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 8, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jsdl.v8n2.2014.%p

Abstract

Abstrak. Degradasi lahan adalah proses penurunan produktivitas lahan, baik yang sifatnya sementara maupun tetap. Lahan terdegradasi dalam definisi lain sering disebut lahan tidak produktif, lahan kritis, atau lahan tidur yang dibiarkan terlantar tidak digarap dan umumnya ditumbuhi semak belukar. Lahan yang telah terdegradasi berat dan menjadi lahan kritis luasnya sekitar 48,3 juta ha atau 25,1% dari luas wilayah Indonesia. Untuk lahan gambut dari sekitar 14,9 juta ha lahan gambut di Indonesia, ± 3,74 juta ha atau 25,1 % dari total luas gambut telah terdegradasi dan ditumbuhi semak belukar. Proses degradasi lahan dimulai dengan tidak terkontrolnya konversi hutan, dan usaha pertambangan kemudian diikuti dengan penggunaan lahan yang tidak sesuai dengan potensi dan pengelolaan lahan yang kurang tepat. Lahan terdegradasi baik di tanah mineral maupun gambut ini menjadi sumber emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) karena rentan terhadap kebakaran di musim kemarau panjang. Sesuai Perpres No. 61 tahun 2011 dan himbauan dari Kelompok Bank Dunia, bahwa “rehabilitasi lahan terdegradasi/terlantar harus memprioritaskan investasi pada sektor pertanian dan perkebunan kelapa sawit untuk produksi pertanian/perkebunan yang berkelanjutan”, hal tersebut perlu direalisasikan secara nasional. Dalam inisiatif “Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus” (REDD+), lahan terdegradasi juga menjadi isu utama yang ditangani. Namun hingga saat ini, Indonesia belum memiliki definisi, metodologi pemetaan, dan kebijakan pengelolaan lahan terdegradasi yang terintegrasi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan kebijakan yang didasarkan pada kesepahaman tentang lahan terdegradasi yang memuat aspek definisi dan karakteristiknya, dari berbagai sektor Kementerian/Lembaga (K/L) yang berkaitan dengan degradasi lahan. Penyeragaman melalui gerakan menuju satu peta (ONE MAP POLICY movement) yaitu satu referensi, satu database, satu prosedur/protokol, satu geoportal) menjadi kebutuhan mutlak.Abstract. Land degradation is the decline in land productivity, either temporary or permanent. Due to further degradation process, will become unproductive land and it is called as critical land. Existing strong degraded land and become critical land area around of 48.3 million ha or25.1% of the total area of Indonesia. Indonesian peatland for about of 14.9 million ha, and as amounts of 3.74 million ha or 25.1% of the total area have been degraded and covered by shurbs and bushes. Degraded land as an impact of uncontrolled forest conversion and mining, followed by incompatible land use and un-appropriate land management. Degraded land (both on mineral soil and peatsoil) is a source of green house gas emissions (GHG) as susceptible to fires in the long dry season period. As per Presidential Decree No. 61 in 2011 and the appeal of the World Bank Group, that for the "rehabilitation of degraded lands/abandoned land should prioritize investment for sustainable agriculture and oil palm plantations and needs to be realized nationally. In the initiative "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus" (REDD +), degraded land is also a major issue to be addressed. But until now, Indonesia does not have a definition, mapping methodology, and policy of integrated management on degraded lands. National Development Policy needs to be based on an understanding of the degraded land as outlined in the definition and its characteristics, from various sectors. Standardized on degraded land through ONE MAP policy movement (one reference, one database, one procedure/protocol, the geoportal) becomes an absolute necessity.
Karakteristik dan Potensi Pemanfaatan Lahan Gambut Terdegradasi di Provinsi Riau Masganti Masganti; Wahyunto Wahyunto; Ai Dariah; Nurhayati Nurhayati; Rachmiwati Yusuf
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 8, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jsdl.v8n1.2014.%p

Abstract

Abstrak. Luas lahan gambut di Indonesia diperkirakan sekitar 14,95 juta hektar dimana sekitar 6,66 juta hektar atau 44,6% telahterdegradasi. Degradasi lahan gambut terjadi antaranya disebabkan oleh kebakaran lahan, kesalahan dalam pengelolaan air, dankegiatan penambangan. Lahan gambut terdegradasi merupakan lahan gambut yang mengalami penurunan fungsi hidrologi,produksi, dan ekologi akibat memburuknya sifat kimia, fisika dan biologi gambut, sehingga produktivitasnya menurun, bahkansebagian menjadi tidak produktif dan dibiarkan menjadi semak belukar dan lahan terbuka bekas tambang sebagai lahan terlantar.Riau merupakan provinsi di pulau Sumatera yang mempunyai lahan gambut terluas, yakni 3,89 juta hektar dari 6,49 juta hektartotal luas lahan gambut di pulau Sumatera. Akan tetapi sekitar 2,31 juta hektar telah terdegradasi. Meskipun terdegradasi,sebagian lahan gambut atau hampir separuhnya dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagian besar untuk budidaya tanaman perkebunanmeliputi kelapa sawit, karet, disusul tanaman pangan meliputi padi, jagung, kedele, ubijalar dan ubikayu, selanjutnya tanamanhortikultura buah berupa nanas, pisang, rambutan, buah naga, cempedak, nangka, jeruk, melon, kedondong, dan belimbing,sayuran buah meliputi cabe, timun, kecipir, labu, dan tomat, dan sayuran daun terdiri dari kangkung, bayam, sawi, dan selada.Dari 934.130 ha lahan gambut terdegradasi yang belum dimanfaatkan, sekitar 585.217 ha potensial dikembangkan untuktanaman perkebunan, pangan dan hortikultura.Abstract. Peatland area in Indonesia is estimated to be around 14.95 million hectares of which about 6.66 million hectares, or44.6% had been degraded. Peatland degradation occurs which is caused by fires, water miss-management, and mining activities.A degraded peatlands which is peatland that have decreasing on hydrology , production, and ecology function due to thedeteriorating nature of chemistry, physics and biology peat, so that productivity decreases, even partially be unproductive andmostly covered by shurbs, bush and bare land as the former mining wasteland. Riau is a province on the island of Sumatra, whichhas the widest peat, which is 3.89 million hectares from 6.49 million hectares of the total peatland area in Sumatra island.However, approximately 2.31 million hectares have been degraded. Although degraded, partially or almost half of them peatlandcommunities largely utilized for the cultivation of plantation crops including oil palm, rubber, followed by food crops include rice,corn, soybean, sweet potato and cassava, further horticultural fruit crops such as pineapple, banana, rambutan, dragon fruit ,Cempedak, jackfruit, oranges, melons, kedondong, and star fruit, fruit vegetables including peppers, cucumbers, winged bean,squash, and tomatoes, and leafy vegetables consisted of kale, spinach, collards, and lettuce. Of the 934,130 ha of degradedpeatlands indicated potential for developing plantation crops, food and horticulture for about 585,217 ha.
Karakteristik dan Potensi Pemanfaatan Lahan Gambut Terdegradasi di Provinsi Riau Masganti Masganti; Wahyunto Wahyunto; Ai Dariah; Nurhayati Nurhayati; Rachmiwati Yusuf
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 8, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (496.448 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/jsdl.v8n1.2014.%p

Abstract

Abstrak. Luas lahan gambut di Indonesia diperkirakan sekitar 14,95 juta hektar dimana sekitar 6,66 juta hektar atau 44,6% telahterdegradasi. Degradasi lahan gambut terjadi antaranya disebabkan oleh kebakaran lahan, kesalahan dalam pengelolaan air, dankegiatan penambangan. Lahan gambut terdegradasi merupakan lahan gambut yang mengalami penurunan fungsi hidrologi,produksi, dan ekologi akibat memburuknya sifat kimia, fisika dan biologi gambut, sehingga produktivitasnya menurun, bahkansebagian menjadi tidak produktif dan dibiarkan menjadi semak belukar dan lahan terbuka bekas tambang sebagai lahan terlantar.Riau merupakan provinsi di pulau Sumatera yang mempunyai lahan gambut terluas, yakni 3,89 juta hektar dari 6,49 juta hektartotal luas lahan gambut di pulau Sumatera. Akan tetapi sekitar 2,31 juta hektar telah terdegradasi. Meskipun terdegradasi,sebagian lahan gambut atau hampir separuhnya dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagian besar untuk budidaya tanaman perkebunanmeliputi kelapa sawit, karet, disusul tanaman pangan meliputi padi, jagung, kedele, ubijalar dan ubikayu, selanjutnya tanamanhortikultura buah berupa nanas, pisang, rambutan, buah naga, cempedak, nangka, jeruk, melon, kedondong, dan belimbing,sayuran buah meliputi cabe, timun, kecipir, labu, dan tomat, dan sayuran daun terdiri dari kangkung, bayam, sawi, dan selada.Dari 934.130 ha lahan gambut terdegradasi yang belum dimanfaatkan, sekitar 585.217 ha potensial dikembangkan untuktanaman perkebunan, pangan dan hortikultura.Abstract. Peatland area in Indonesia is estimated to be around 14.95 million hectares of which about 6.66 million hectares, or44.6% had been degraded. Peatland degradation occurs which is caused by fires, water miss-management, and mining activities.A degraded peatlands which is peatland that have decreasing on hydrology , production, and ecology function due to thedeteriorating nature of chemistry, physics and biology peat, so that productivity decreases, even partially be unproductive andmostly covered by shurbs, bush and bare land as the former mining wasteland. Riau is a province on the island of Sumatra, whichhas the widest peat, which is 3.89 million hectares from 6.49 million hectares of the total peatland area in Sumatra island.However, approximately 2.31 million hectares have been degraded. Although degraded, partially or almost half of them peatlandcommunities largely utilized for the cultivation of plantation crops including oil palm, rubber, followed by food crops include rice,corn, soybean, sweet potato and cassava, further horticultural fruit crops such as pineapple, banana, rambutan, dragon fruit ,Cempedak, jackfruit, oranges, melons, kedondong, and star fruit, fruit vegetables including peppers, cucumbers, winged bean,squash, and tomatoes, and leafy vegetables consisted of kale, spinach, collards, and lettuce. Of the 934,130 ha of degradedpeatlands indicated potential for developing plantation crops, food and horticulture for about 585,217 ha.
Co-Authors Ai Dariah Fitri Widiastuti Kusumo Nugroho Masganti Masganti Nurhayati Nurhayati Rachmiwati Yusuf