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Potensi Galur-Galur Harapan Wijen di Lahan Sawah Sesudah Padi Hadi Sudarmo; Rully Dyah Purwati; . Djumali
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 4, No 2 (2012): Oktober 2012
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bultas.v4n2.2012.85-94

Wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) merupakan komoditas yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku aneka indus-tri dan minyak makan. Di Indonesia, wijen dibudidayakan di lahan kering pada musim penghujan dengan pro-duktivitas rata-rata pada tahun 2005 sebesar 420 kg. Peningkatan produksi wijen nasional dapat ditempuh dengan memperluas pengembangan wijen ke lahan sawah sesudah padi. Upaya tersebut perlu didukung dengan perakitan varietas unggul. Dari kombinasi hasil persilangan sudah terpilih 11 galur harapan, selanjutnya untuk mengetahui potensi hasil dan daya adaptasi galur-galur tersebut terhadap lingkungan, dilakukan uji multilokasi di tiga lokasi masing-masing tiga musim tanam. Pengujian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok diulang tiga kali dengan ukuran petak 6 m x 8 m. Data hasil biji dianalisis ragam gabungan, untuk uji stabilitas mengikuti metode Eberhart dan Russell, dan untuk mengetahui daya adaptasi galur dilakukan ploting data menggunakan metode Finlay dan Wilkinson. Penelitian menghasilkan tiga galur unggul yang berpotensi hasil tinggi yakni 99002/7/3, 99001/9/1, dan 99003/11/10 dengan potensi hasil masing-masing 2.222 kg/ha, 1.933 kg/ha, dan 1.874 kg/ha. Galur 99002/7/3 dan 99001/9/1 beradaptasi umum di semua lingkungan, sedangkan galur 99003/11/10 beradap-tasi khusus pada lingkungan suboptimal. Delapan galur yang lain berpotensi hasil lebih rendah yaitu 99002/7/10 beradaptasi umum di semua lingkungan, sedangkan 99001/15/2, 99001/9/7, 99001/15/4, 99002/7/5, 99001/8/3, 99001/10/9, dan 99003/28/5 tidak mempunyai kemampuan adaptasi terhadap semua lingkungan. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a potential commodity that has essential as raw material for varying indus-try and edible oil. In Indonesia, sesame is commonly cultivated in dry land during rainy season with the pro-ductivity as much as 420 kg/ha in 2005. Increasing national sesame production can be reached by expand-ing the development area into the paddy fields after rice. To increase productivity, it has to be supported by high yielding varieties. Eleven promising lines had been selected for multilocation trials. This trial aimed to determine yield potential and adaptability of these promising lines on the environment. The multilocation trials were conducted at three locations and each on three seasons. The trials used a randomized block de-sign with three replications plot size was 6 m x 8 m. The yield was observed and analysed using combining analysis, then the stability of each line was further analysed using the method of Eberhart and Russell. To determine the lines adaptability, the data were plotted using the method of Finlay and Wilkinson. Result shows that there are three superior lines i.e. 9002/7/3, 99001/9/1, and 99003/11/10 which have potential produc-tion 2,222 kg/ha, 1,933 kg/ha and 1,874 kg/ha respectively, lines 99002/7/3 and 99001/9/1 common in all environments, whereas line 99003/11/10 was unstable and had a specific adaptability in suboptimal environments. Eight other lines that could potentially yield lower 99002/7/10 common in all environments, while 99001/15/2, 99001/9/7, 99001/15/4, 99002/7/5, 99001/8/3, 99001/10/9, and 99003/28/5 do not have the ability to adapt to all environments.

Stabilitas Hasil Sepuluh Genotipe Rosela Herbal (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. Sabdariffa) di Daerah Pengembangan Untung Setyo-Budi; . Marjani; Rully Dyah Purwati
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 6, No 2 (2014): Oktober 2014
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bultas.v6n2.2014.59-68

Rosela herbal (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. Sabdariffa L.) baru berkembang secara komersial di Indonesia sejak 2005 untuk makanan dan minuman kesehatan. Keunggulan rosela herbal terletak pada kandungan vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin B, dan bahan aktif (asam amino) seperti antosianin, gossypektine, glucoside hibiscin, dan flavonoid. Uji stabiltas hasil yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh beberapa genotipe unggul harapan rose-la herbal dilaksanakan di sembilan lokasi yakni Kabupaten: Malang, Blitar, Kediri, Situbondo, Grobogan, Ken-dal, dan Pati selama tiga tahun yakni dari tahun 2009–2012. Pada uji ini digunakan 10 genotipe rosela herbal yang ditanam pada petak berukuran 45 m2 (120 tan./plot). Pengujian ini menggunakan rancangan acak ke-lompok dengan 3 ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah kapsul per tanaman, bo-bot 100 kelopak kering, hasil kapsul segar, kelopak segar, dan kelopak kering per ha. Analisa kandungan nu-trisi terhadap kelopak bunga rosela dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia (MIPA) Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang. Pendugaan interaksi genotipe dengan lingkungan dilakukan dengan analisis gabungan semua lokasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe 455 (hijau), 1575 (merah), 1596 (ungu), dan 678-U (ungu) memiliki potensi hasil kelopak kering dan kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi de-ngan daya adaptasi luas. Potensi produksi kelopak kering genotipe-genotipe tersebut berturut-turut adalah: 544,98 kg; 478,60 kg; 554,73 kg; dan 471,46 kg per ha dengan kandungan vit. C/antosianin (mg/100 g ke-lopak kering): 345,40 mg/1,442 mg; 2.033,52 mg/14,697 mg; 188,00 mg/0,003 mg; 988,68 mg/9,814 mg. Herb roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. Sabdariffa L.) is commercially planted in Indonesia since 2005 for the food and beverage health. Roselle herbal contents C, A, and B vitamins and other active ingredients (amino acids) as anthocyanin, gossypectine, hibiscin glucoside, and flavonoids. Stabilty trials results aimed to obtain superior genotypes of roselle herbs were conducted at nine locations (districts) namely: Malang, Blitar, Kediri, Situbondo, Grobogan, Kendal, and Pati for three years (2009–2012). Ten roselle herbs genotypes were tested in this experiment, planted in 45 m2 plots (120 plants/plot). The research was arranged in randomized block design with three replications. Parameters observed were: plant height, number of capsules per plant, dry weight of 100 calyx, weight of fresh capsules, fresh calyxs, and dried calyx per ha. Analysis of nutrient contents of roselle calyx was conducted at the Laboratory of Chemistry (MIPA) State Islamic University (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang. Estimation of genotype by environment interaction is done by combined analysis of data from all locations. Experimental results showed that genotypes 455 (green), 1575 (red), 1596 (purple), and 678-N (purple) have the potential of dried calyx and high nutrient content with wide adaptability, with dried calyx production potency is: 544.98 kg, 478.60 kg, 554.73 kg, and 471.46 kg per ha respectively. The content of vitamin C/anthocyanins (mg/100 g dried calyx) are: 345.40 mg/1.442 mg, 2,033.52 mg/14.697 mg, 188.00 mg/0.003 mg, and 988.68 mg/9.814 mg respectively.

Evaluasi Ketahanan Aksesi Wijen Terhadap Tungau Daun Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) Tukimin S.W; Rully Dyah Purwati
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 3, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bultas.v3n1.2011.48-56

Evaluasi ketahanan aksesi wijen terhadap tungau Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro, mulai April sampai Desember 2007.Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui tingkat ketahanan aksesi wijen termasuk terhadap keriting daun yang disebabkan oleh P. latus. Perlakuan terdiri atas 25 aksesi wijen disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok, diulang tiga kali. Pengamatan dilaku-kan mulai 25 hari setelah tanam (hst) dengan interval pengamatan 10 hari sekali sampai 75 hst. Parameter pengamatan meliputi: (1) Skor kerusakan daun (intensitas serangan) pada sepertiga bagian atas tanaman, (2) jumlah telur, larva, nimfa, dan imago P. latus dari daun yang terserang tungau. Pengamatan dilakukan di laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat (Balittas). Hasil pengujian menun-jukkan bahwa satu aksesi tahan yaitu China Hitam; 17 aksesi termasuk kategori agak tahan: Si 50, Si 51, Si 52, Si 57, Si 58, Si 59, Si 60, Si 61, Si 63, Si 65, Si 66, Si 69, Si 75, Sbr 1, Sbr 2, Sbr 3, dan Sbr 4; dan tujuh aksesi termasuk kategori rentan yaitu Si 45, Si 53, Si 54, Si 55, Si 56, Si 62, dan Si 64. Resistance of sesame germ plasm to mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks) was evaluated at Sumberrejo Experimental Station, Bojonegoro from April to December 2007. The treatment consisted of 25 accessions which were arranged in randomized block design with three replications. The resistance was observed at 10 days interval from 25 days after planting (dap) to 75 dap. The parameters observed were: (1) Score of leave damage intensity; (2) Microscopic observation on total eggs, larvae, nymph, and adult of mites. The results showed that based on leaves damage intensity at 75 dap, one accession was categorized as resistance (China Black); 17 accessions were moderately resistance (Si 50, Si 51, Si 52, Si 57, Si 58, Si 59, Si 60, Si 61, Si 63, Si 65, Si 66, Si 69, Si 75, Sbr 1, Sbr 2, Sbr 3, and Sbr 4); and 7 accessions were susceptible (Si 45, Si 53, Si 54, Si 55, Si 56, Si 62, and Si 64). Total of egg population, larvae, nymph, and adult of mite was positively correlated to leave damage intensity.

Pengaruh Komposisi Media Terhadap Induksi Tunas dan Akar Lima Genotipe Tanaman Agave Pada Kultur In Vitro Aprilia Ridhawati; Tantri Dyah Ayu Anggraeni; Rully Dyah Purwati
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 9, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/btsm.v9n1.2017.1-9

Agave (Agave sisalana Perrine) merupakan tanaman penghasil serat alam. Pengembangan agave terkendala penyediaan bahan tanam bermutu. Teknik kultur jaringan dapat menghasilkan benih agave dalam jumlah banyak dengan kualitas yang seragam. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan komposisi media terbaik dalam induksi tunas dan akar lima genotipe agave pada kultur in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balittas dari bulan Juli 2015 sampai Juni 2016. Sumber eksplan adalah tunas aseptik agave genotipe Balittas 10, Balittas 12, Balittas 13, Balittas 14, dan H-11648 dari kultur in vitro. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial (dua faktor, tiga ulangan). Faktor I adalah komposisi media dan faktor II adalah genotipe. Komposisi media induksi tunas: M1 (MS + BAP 0,5 mg/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l); M2 (MS + BAP 1 mg/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l), dan M3 (MS + BAP 1,5 mg/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l). Komposisi media perakaran: M1 (MS + arang aktif 2 g/l); M2 (MS + arang aktif 2 g/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l); M3 (MS + arang aktif 2 g/l + IBA 1 g/l); M4 (MS + arang aktif 2 g/l + NAA 0,5 mg/l), dan M5 (MS + arang aktif 2 g/l + NAA 1 mg/l). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi media induksi tunas menghasilkan jumlah tunas (1,09–1,33) dan kecepatan induksi (4 minngu) yang tidak berbeda nyata. Komposisi media induksi akar yang terbaik adalah media M4 (MS + arang aktif 2 g/l + NAA 0,5 mg/l) dengan jumlah akar 4,53. Genotipe Balittas 14 menghasilkan jumlah tunas dan jumlah akar yang paling tinggi dibandingkan genotipe lain (1,56 tunas dan 4,59 akar). The Effect of Media Composition on The Induction of Shoot and Roots and of Five Agave Clones on In Vitro CultureAgave (Agave sisalana Perrine) is a plant that producenaturalfibre. Agave cultivation for commercial use is still limited by the availability of good plant materials. In vitro culture technique can produce a large amount of plant material with same quality in relatively short time. The study aimed to obtain a suitable medium composition for in vitro shoot multiplication and root induction for five agave genotypes. The experiment was conducted from July 2015 to June 2016 in Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Sweetener and Fibre Crops Research Institute. Explant source derived from aseptic shoot of agave genotypesBalittas 10, 12, 13, 14, andH-11648 in in vitro ISFCRI germplasm collection. The experiment was arranged in factorial complete random design (two factors: media composition, genotype, and three replication). Shoot induction media: M1 (MS + BAP 0.5 mg/l + IBA 0.5 mg/l); M2 (MS + BAP 1 mg/l + IBA 0.5 mg/l);and M3 (MS + BAP 1.5 mg/l + IBA 0.5 mg/l). Root induction media: M1 (MS + active carbon(AC) 2 g/l); M2 (MS + AC2 g/l + IBA 0,5 mg/l); M3 (MS + AC 2 g/l + IBA 1 g/l); M4 (MS + AC 2 g/l + NAA 0,5 mg/l);and M5 (MS + AC 2 g/l + NAA 1 mg/l). The results showed that the shoot induction media compositions were not differ significantly on shoot numbers (1.09–1.33) and time for shoot induction (4 weeks). The best composition medium of root induction was M4 (MS + AC 2 g/l + NAA 0.5 mg/l), that yielded 4.53 root numbers. Balittas 14 genotype yielded the highest shoot and root numbers (1,56 shoot numbers and 4.59 root numbers).

Evaluasi Ketahanan Plasma Nutfah Kenaf terhadap Cekaman Fe pada pH Masam Evaluation of Kenaf Germplasm to High Fe Concentration and Low pH Resistance Rully Dyah Purwati; . Marjani
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 1, No 1 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bultas.v1n1.2009.28-40

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi ketahanan plasma nutfah kenaf pada lingkungan konsentrasi Fe yang ekstrim dan pH masam telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Pemuliaan Balittas, Malang, mulai bulan Januari–Desember 2008. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan ran-cangan acak kelompok yang diulang 3 kali. Bahan penelitian terdiri dari 100 aksesi kenaf yang diuji di labo-ratorium pada tingkat bibit. Pada setiap ulangan, masing-masing aksesi kenaf diuji sebanyak 20 bibit ber-umur 3–4 hari, yang ditanam pada stereo-foam berlapiskan kasa strimin. Bibit dipelihara pada larutan nu-trien ”Yoshida” dan diberi perlakuan konsentrasi unsur Fe 350 ppm dan pH 4. Sebagai pembanding diguna-kan nutrien yang sama dengan konsentrasi Fe = 0 ppm dan pH netral. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pan-jang akar, panjang hipokotil, berat kering akar, dan berat kering hipokotil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketahanan 100 aksesi kenaf yang diuji terhadap kelebihan Fe pada pH masam bervariasi; tetapi ada 8 aksesi yang tergolong tahan, yaitu aksesi nomer 449, 461, 476, 782, 785, 833, 836, dan 839.The objective of this experiment was to find out information of kenaf germplasm resistance to high Fe con-centration and low pH of media. The experiment was conducted in laboratory and green house of plant breeding division, IToFCRI, Malang from January to December 2008. The experiment was designed in ran-domized block design with three replications. One hundred accessions of kenaf seedlings were evaluated in laboratory. Each accession in each replicate consisted of 20 seedlings (3–4 days old) were planted in stereo-foam trays with plastic gauze layer. Seedlings were maintained in “Yoshida” nutrient solution and treated with 350 ppm Fe concentration and pH 4. The same media with 0 ppm Fe and neutral pH was used as a control. The parameters observed were root and hypocotyls length, root and hypocotyls dry weight. Results of this experiment showed that the resistance to excess Fe in low pH of 100 accessions evaluated were va-ried. Out of 100 accessions, eight accessions were categorised as resistant i.e. accession no. 449, 461, 476, 782, 785, 833, 836, and 839.

Keragaman Karakter Morfologi Plasma Nutfah Wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) Rully Dyah Purwati; Tantri Dyah Ayu Anggraini; Hadi Sudarmo
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2015): Oktober 2015
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bultas.v7n2.2015.69-78

Usaha pengembangan wijen saat ini banyak diminati petani terutama untuk lahan-lahan sawah sesudah padi. Untuk itu diperlukan varietas wijen yang berumur genjah sehingga sesuai dengan pola tanam di lahan tersebut. Untuk merakit varietas diperlukan keragaman genetik yang dicerminkan oleh keragaman karakter morfologi, sehingga perlu dilakukan karakterisasi plasma nutfah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi karakter morfologi plasma nutfah wijen. Karakterisasi dilaksanakan di KP Karangploso, Malang yang terletak di ketinggian 515 m dpl. dengan curah hujan 1.500 mm/tahun, dan jenis tanah Gleymosol Gleik/Inceptisol, mulai bulan Maret sampai dengan Agustus 2012. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 35 aksesi. Penanaman wijen dilakukan pada 12 Maret 2012, masing-masing aksesi ditanam dalam satu baris pada petak berukuran 1 m x 5 m dengan jarak tanam 25 cm, satu tanaman per lubang. Hasil karakterisasi morfologi menunjukkan bahwa keragaman morfologi yang tinggi ditunjukkan oleh karakter kuantitatif yaitu panjang petiol, lebar daun, rasio panjang : lebar daun, dan jumlah cabang dengan nilai masing-masing KK 27,49%;39,43%; 40,79%; dan 49,59%. Semua karakter kualitatif menunjukkan adanya keragaman morfologi kecuali tipe pertumbuhan, tanda ‘v’ pada korola bagian dalam, dan warna kapsul. Pengelompokan plasma nutfah menghasilkan keragaman yang tinggi; pada tingkat kemiripan 36,06% koleksi plasma nutfah wijen terbagi menjadi dua kelompok besar dan pada tingkat kemiripan 57,37% terbagi menjadi sembilan kelompok. Development of sesame is directed to rice field after rice has been harvested, and thus requires early ma-turing varieties which are suitable for cropping system in these areas. The genetic diversity of sesame germ-plasm is reflected by the diversity of agromorpho-logical characters, therefore collection of sesame germ-plasm have to be characterised. The objective of this research was to collect information of morphological characters of sesame germplasm. Characterization activities was held in Karangploso Experimental Station, Malang which is laid on 515 above sea level, rainfall 1,500 mm/year, and soil type Gley-mocol Gleik/Incepticol, from March to August 2012. Sesame accessions were planted on 12 March 2012, each accession was planted in a row in 1 m x 5 m plot size, with 25 cm plant spacing, and one plant per hole. Fertilizer used was 45 kg N + 36 kg P 2O5 + 30 kg K2O. Characterization of quantitative morphological characters resulted in high diversity of pe-tiole length, leaf width, leaf length : width ratio, and number of branches characters, each character had CV value 27.49%; 39.43%; 40.79%; and 49.59%. Diversity was observed for all quali-tative morphological characters, except plant growth type, ‘v’ mark of inner side of corolla, and seed coat color. Clustering showed that sesame germplasm had high genetic diversity ; sesame germplasm is divided into two large groups on 36.06% similarity level, whereas based on 57.37% similarity, sesame germplasm is divided into nine groups.

Pengaruh Komposisi Media dan Sumber Eksplan Terhadap Induksi Kalus, Perkecambahan, dan Pertumbuhan Tunas Embrio Somatik Jarak Pagar Tantri Dyah Ayu Anggraeni; Emy Sulistyowati; Rully Dyah Purwati
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 4, No 2 (2012): Oktober 2012
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bultas.v4n2.2012.76-84

Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak nabati sebagai bahan baku bio-diesel. Selama ini, kebutuhan bahan tanam diperoleh dari benih dan setek. Teknik mikropropagasi khususnya melalui embriogenesis somatik merupakan alternatif untuk penyediaan bahan tanam dalam jumlah besar dengan waktu relatif lebih singkat. Jenis eksplan, genotipe, dan kondisi fisiologis tanaman donor serta jenis dan kondisi fisik mediummerupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan embriogenesis somatik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui eksplan dan komposisi media yang tepat untuk induksi kalus embriogenesis somatik, perkecambahan embrio somatik dan pertumbuhan tunas hasil embriogenesis somatik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat mulai bulan April sampai dengan November 2011, meliputi tiga tahap, yaitu 1) menguji komposisi media untuk induksi kalus embriogenesis somatik antara lain M1=MS+0,5 mg/l BAP+0,5 mg 2,4 D; M2= MS+1 mg/l BAP +0,5 mg/l 2,4 D; M3= MS+0,5 mg/l BAP+0,2 mg/l TDZ, dan M4= MS+1 mg/l BAP+0,2 mg/l TDZ; 2) menguji komposisi media untuk induksi perkecambahan embrio somatik antara lain MK1= MS+0,5 mg/l BAP+0,1 mg/l NAA dan MK2= MS+0,5 mg/l BAP+0,4 mg/l IBA; dan 3) menguji komposisi media untuk pertumbuhan tunas embrio somatik antara lain MP1= MS+0,5 mg/l BAP+0,1 mg/l IBA dan MP2= MS+0,5 mg/l BAP+0,1 mg/l IAA. Bahan tanam yang digunakan adalah genotipe IP-3A dan IP-3M dengan sumber eksplan kotiledon dan daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi MS+0,5 mg/l BAP+0,2 mg/l TDZ dengan sumber eksplan kotiledon paling sesuai untuk induksi kalus embriogenesis somatik. Genotipe IP-3M memiliki respon yang lebih baik disbanding IP-3A dan stabil dari tahap induksi kalus embriogenis somatik, induksi perkecambahan embrio somatik, dan pertumbuhan tunas embrio somatik. Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an oil producing plants as source of bio-diesel. Planting materials usually are obtained from seeds and stem-cuttings. Micro-propagation techniques especially through somatic embryo-genesis is an alternative to provide a large number of planting material in a relatively short time. Explant sources, genotype and physicological conditions of donor plants, also composition and physical condition of medium are the main factors affecting the successful of somatic embryogenesis. The study was conducted to determine the most suitable combination of explant and media composition for embryogenic calli induc-tion, somatic embryo germination, and shoots growth derived from somatic embryogenesis. The experiment was conducted in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, of Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Insti-tute from April to November 2011 covering three phases: 1) testing media composition to induce somatic embryogenic calli i.e. M1=MS+0.5 mg/l BAP+0.5 mg 2.4 D; M2 = MS+1 mg/l BAP+0.5 mg/l 2.4 D; M3 = MS+0.5 mg/l BAP+0.2 mg/l TDZ and M4 = MS+1 mg/l BAP+ 0.2 mg/l TDZ; 2) testing media composition to induce somatic embryo germination i.e. MK1 = MS+0.5 mg/l BAP+0.1 mg/l NAA and MK2 = MS+0.5 mg/l BAP+0.4 mg/l IBA; and 3) testing media composition to induce somatic embryo shoot growth i.e. MP1 = MS+0.5 mg/l BAP+0.1 mg/l IBA and MP2= MS+0.5 mg/l BAP+0.1 mg/l IAA. Plant material used are genotype IP-3A and IP-3M with cotyledone and leaf as explant sources. The results showed that combination of MS+0.5 mg/l BAP+0.2 mg/l TDZ and cotyledons as explants source is the most suitable for somatic embryogenic calli. IP-3M genotype showed a better response to IP-3A and stable from induction of somatic embryogenic calli, somatic embryo germination, and somatic embryo shoots growth.

Potensi Galur-Galur Harapan Wijen di Lahan Sawah Sesudah Padi Hadi Sudarmo; Rully Dyah Purwati; . Djumali
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 4, No 2 (2012): Oktober 2012
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) merupakan komoditas yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku aneka indus-tri dan minyak makan. Di Indonesia, wijen dibudidayakan di lahan kering pada musim penghujan dengan pro-duktivitas rata-rata pada tahun 2005 sebesar 420 kg. Peningkatan produksi wijen nasional dapat ditempuh dengan memperluas pengembangan wijen ke lahan sawah sesudah padi. Upaya tersebut perlu didukung dengan perakitan varietas unggul. Dari kombinasi hasil persilangan sudah terpilih 11 galur harapan, selanjutnya untuk mengetahui potensi hasil dan daya adaptasi galur-galur tersebut terhadap lingkungan, dilakukan uji multilokasi di tiga lokasi masing-masing tiga musim tanam. Pengujian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok diulang tiga kali dengan ukuran petak 6 m x 8 m. Data hasil biji dianalisis ragam gabungan, untuk uji stabilitas mengikuti metode Eberhart dan Russell, dan untuk mengetahui daya adaptasi galur dilakukan ploting data menggunakan metode Finlay dan Wilkinson. Penelitian menghasilkan tiga galur unggul yang berpotensi hasil tinggi yakni 99002/7/3, 99001/9/1, dan 99003/11/10 dengan potensi hasil masing-masing 2.222 kg/ha, 1.933 kg/ha, dan 1.874 kg/ha. Galur 99002/7/3 dan 99001/9/1 beradaptasi umum di semua lingkungan, sedangkan galur 99003/11/10 beradap-tasi khusus pada lingkungan suboptimal. Delapan galur yang lain berpotensi hasil lebih rendah yaitu 99002/7/10 beradaptasi umum di semua lingkungan, sedangkan 99001/15/2, 99001/9/7, 99001/15/4, 99002/7/5, 99001/8/3, 99001/10/9, dan 99003/28/5 tidak mempunyai kemampuan adaptasi terhadap semua lingkungan. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a potential commodity that has essential as raw material for varying indus-try and edible oil. In Indonesia, sesame is commonly cultivated in dry land during rainy season with the pro-ductivity as much as 420 kg/ha in 2005. Increasing national sesame production can be reached by expand-ing the development area into the paddy fields after rice. To increase productivity, it has to be supported by high yielding varieties. Eleven promising lines had been selected for multilocation trials. This trial aimed to determine yield potential and adaptability of these promising lines on the environment. The multilocation trials were conducted at three locations and each on three seasons. The trials used a randomized block de-sign with three replications plot size was 6 m x 8 m. The yield was observed and analysed using combining analysis, then the stability of each line was further analysed using the method of Eberhart and Russell. To determine the lines adaptability, the data were plotted using the method of Finlay and Wilkinson. Result shows that there are three superior lines i.e. 9002/7/3, 99001/9/1, and 99003/11/10 which have potential produc-tion 2,222 kg/ha, 1,933 kg/ha and 1,874 kg/ha respectively, lines 99002/7/3 and 99001/9/1 common in all environments, whereas line 99003/11/10 was unstable and had a specific adaptability in suboptimal environments. Eight other lines that could potentially yield lower 99002/7/10 common in all environments, while 99001/15/2, 99001/9/7, 99001/15/4, 99002/7/5, 99001/8/3, 99001/10/9, and 99003/28/5 do not have the ability to adapt to all environments.

Stabilitas Hasil Sepuluh Genotipe Rosela Herbal (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. Sabdariffa) di Daerah Pengembangan Untung Setyo-Budi; . Marjani; Rully Dyah Purwati
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 6, No 2 (2014): Oktober 2014
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bultas.v6n2.2014.59-68

Rosela herbal (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. Sabdariffa L.) baru berkembang secara komersial di Indonesia sejak 2005 untuk makanan dan minuman kesehatan. Keunggulan rosela herbal terletak pada kandungan vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin B, dan bahan aktif (asam amino) seperti antosianin, gossypektine, glucoside hibiscin, dan flavonoid. Uji stabiltas hasil yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh beberapa genotipe unggul harapan rose-la herbal dilaksanakan di sembilan lokasi yakni Kabupaten: Malang, Blitar, Kediri, Situbondo, Grobogan, Ken-dal, dan Pati selama tiga tahun yakni dari tahun 2009–2012. Pada uji ini digunakan 10 genotipe rosela herbal yang ditanam pada petak berukuran 45 m2 (120 tan./plot). Pengujian ini menggunakan rancangan acak ke-lompok dengan 3 ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah kapsul per tanaman, bo-bot 100 kelopak kering, hasil kapsul segar, kelopak segar, dan kelopak kering per ha. Analisa kandungan nu-trisi terhadap kelopak bunga rosela dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia (MIPA) Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang. Pendugaan interaksi genotipe dengan lingkungan dilakukan dengan analisis gabungan semua lokasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe 455 (hijau), 1575 (merah), 1596 (ungu), dan 678-U (ungu) memiliki potensi hasil kelopak kering dan kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi de-ngan daya adaptasi luas. Potensi produksi kelopak kering genotipe-genotipe tersebut berturut-turut adalah: 544,98 kg; 478,60 kg; 554,73 kg; dan 471,46 kg per ha dengan kandungan vit. C/antosianin (mg/100 g ke-lopak kering): 345,40 mg/1,442 mg; 2.033,52 mg/14,697 mg; 188,00 mg/0,003 mg; 988,68 mg/9,814 mg. Herb roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. Sabdariffa L.) is commercially planted in Indonesia since 2005 for the food and beverage health. Roselle herbal contents C, A, and B vitamins and other active ingredients (amino acids) as anthocyanin, gossypectine, hibiscin glucoside, and flavonoids. Stabilty trials results aimed to obtain superior genotypes of roselle herbs were conducted at nine locations (districts) namely: Malang, Blitar, Kediri, Situbondo, Grobogan, Kendal, and Pati for three years (2009–2012). Ten roselle herbs genotypes were tested in this experiment, planted in 45 m2 plots (120 plants/plot). The research was arranged in randomized block design with three replications. Parameters observed were: plant height, number of capsules per plant, dry weight of 100 calyx, weight of fresh capsules, fresh calyxs, and dried calyx per ha. Analysis of nutrient contents of roselle calyx was conducted at the Laboratory of Chemistry (MIPA) State Islamic University (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang. Estimation of genotype by environment interaction is done by combined analysis of data from all locations. Experimental results showed that genotypes 455 (green), 1575 (red), 1596 (purple), and 678-N (purple) have the potential of dried calyx and high nutrient content with wide adaptability, with dried calyx production potency is: 544.98 kg, 478.60 kg, 554.73 kg, and 471.46 kg per ha respectively. The content of vitamin C/anthocyanins (mg/100 g dried calyx) are: 345.40 mg/1.442 mg, 2,033.52 mg/14.697 mg, 188.00 mg/0.003 mg, and 988.68 mg/9.814 mg respectively.

Evaluasi Ketahanan Aksesi Wijen Terhadap Tungau Daun Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) Tukimin S.W; Rully Dyah Purwati
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 3, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Evaluasi ketahanan aksesi wijen terhadap tungau Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro, mulai April sampai Desember 2007.Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui tingkat ketahanan aksesi wijen termasuk terhadap keriting daun yang disebabkan oleh P. latus. Perlakuan terdiri atas 25 aksesi wijen disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok, diulang tiga kali. Pengamatan dilaku-kan mulai 25 hari setelah tanam (hst) dengan interval pengamatan 10 hari sekali sampai 75 hst. Parameter pengamatan meliputi: (1) Skor kerusakan daun (intensitas serangan) pada sepertiga bagian atas tanaman, (2) jumlah telur, larva, nimfa, dan imago P. latus dari daun yang terserang tungau. Pengamatan dilakukan di laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat (Balittas). Hasil pengujian menun-jukkan bahwa satu aksesi tahan yaitu China Hitam; 17 aksesi termasuk kategori agak tahan: Si 50, Si 51, Si 52, Si 57, Si 58, Si 59, Si 60, Si 61, Si 63, Si 65, Si 66, Si 69, Si 75, Sbr 1, Sbr 2, Sbr 3, dan Sbr 4; dan tujuh aksesi termasuk kategori rentan yaitu Si 45, Si 53, Si 54, Si 55, Si 56, Si 62, dan Si 64. Resistance of sesame germ plasm to mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks) was evaluated at Sumberrejo Experimental Station, Bojonegoro from April to December 2007. The treatment consisted of 25 accessions which were arranged in randomized block design with three replications. The resistance was observed at 10 days interval from 25 days after planting (dap) to 75 dap. The parameters observed were: (1) Score of leave damage intensity; (2) Microscopic observation on total eggs, larvae, nymph, and adult of mites. The results showed that based on leaves damage intensity at 75 dap, one accession was categorized as resistance (China Black); 17 accessions were moderately resistance (Si 50, Si 51, Si 52, Si 57, Si 58, Si 59, Si 60, Si 61, Si 63, Si 65, Si 66, Si 69, Si 75, Sbr 1, Sbr 2, Sbr 3, and Sbr 4); and 7 accessions were susceptible (Si 45, Si 53, Si 54, Si 55, Si 56, Si 62, and Si 64). Total of egg population, larvae, nymph, and adult of mite was positively correlated to leave damage intensity.

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