Ananda Fersa Dharmawan
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TINJAUAN YURIDIS STATUS HUKUM KOMPONEN PENDUKUNG PERTAHANAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA MENURUT PRINSIP PEMBEDAAN (DISTINCTION PRINCIPLE) Ananda Fersa Dharmawan
Kumpulan Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Sarjana Ilmu Hukum, Januari 2019
Publisher : Kumpulan Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum

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Abstract

Ananda Fersa Dharmawan, Dr. Herman Suryokumoro, SH, MS, dan Hikmatul Ulla, SH,M.Kn. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya Anandafersadharmawan96@gmail.com  ABSTRAK Komponen Pertahanan Negara Republik Indonesia yang berdasarkan pada Undang-undang nomor 3 tahun 2002 tentang Pertahanan Negara dan penjelasannya di Buku Putih Pertahanan 2015 harus sesuai dengan Prinsip Pembedaan dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Dalam Undang-undang Pertahanan Negara dan Buku Putih Pertahanan dikenal tiga komponen pertahanan negara, yaitu komponen utama (TNI), komponen cadangan (warga negara yang dapat dimobilisasi), dan komponen pendukung (warga negara yang mendukung komponen utama dan cadangan). Ketiga komponen pertahanan negara ini berstatus sebagai kombatan yaitu Komponen Utama dan Komponen Cadangan, dan non-kombatan yaitu Komponen Pendukung. Namun, unsur-unsur komponen pendukung dalam komponen pertahanan negara sangat luas dan tanpa batasan yang jelas yaitu meliputi seluruh individu, kelompok dan institusi warga negara Indonesia. Dalam hal ini negara Republik Indonesia dalam membangun Komponen Pertahanan Negara telah bertentangan dengan Prinsip Pembedaan dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional yang hanya mengenal pembagian dua kelompok penduduk dalam konflik bersenjata, yaitu kelompok Angkatan Bersenjata dan Penduduk Sipil. Berdasarkan penjelasan diatas, maka permasalahan hukum yang ditemukan yaitu; terdapat pertentangan antara status hukum komponen pendukung pertahanan negara Republik Indonesia dengan Prinsip Pembedaan, dan ditemukan juga adanya ketidaksinkronan antara Undang-undang Pertahanan Negara dengan Instrumen-instrumen Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Untuk menjawab permasalahan diatas, Penelitian yuridis normatif ini menggunakan pendekatan Konseptual, pendekatan Komparatif, dan pendekatan Kasus Komponen Pendukung sistem Pertahanan Negara Indonesia yang diperbandingkan dengan Undang-undang Pertahanan Nasional negara lain dan kemudian dihubungkan dengan Instrumen Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Jenis dan sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data Primer dan data Sekunder. Berdasarkan pembahasan, maka dapat disimpulkan 1)Pertentangan antara status hukum komponen pendukung pertahanan negara Indonesia dengan Prinsip Pembedaan, disebabkan Prinsip Pembedaan tidak mengenal adanya golongan kelompok seperti komponen pendukung, yang dikenal hanya golongan kelompok angkatan bersenjata dan penduduk sipil. 2)Ketidaksinkronan yang terjadi antara Undang-undang nomor 3 tahun 2002 tentang Pertahanan Negara dengan instrumen Hukum Humaniter Internasional dikarenakan Undang-undang nomor  tahun 2002 menganut sistem Pertahanan Semesta yang tidak mengenal pembagian golongan penduduk menjadi dua golongan sebagaimana Prinsip Pembedaan dalam instrumen Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Kata kunci : Pertahanan yang bersifat Semesta, Komponen Sistem Pertahanan Negara, Komponen Pendukung, Prinsip Pembedaan.   ABSTRACT The defence component of the Republic of Indonesia according to Act Number 3 of 2002 concerning Indonesian Defence and its further explanation in Indonesia’s Defence White Paper 2015 must be relevant to Distinction Principle in International Humanitarian Law. Both the law and the White Paper recognise three state defence components: the main component (Indonesian Armed Forces), spare component (mobilised citizens), and supplementary component (citizens supporting the main and spare components). The first two components serve as combat, while the third one as non-combat. However, the elements of the supplementary component of the defence are too wide in their coverage, involving all individuals, groups, and institutions of Indonesian citizens. In this case, the established defence components are seen as irrelevant to the distinction principle in international humanitarian law which only recognises two groups in armed conflict: armed forces and civilians. This research found out that there were two legal statuses supporting the defence of the state along with distinction principle. Another finding is related to absence of synchronisation between the Act concerning State Defence and International Humanitarian Law instruments. This research was conducted within the corridor of normative juridical method along with conceptual, comparative, and case approaches. The supplementary component of the defence was compared to Act concerning National Defence of another country, before it was related to International Humanitarian Law instruments. The data involved both primary and secondary materials. The research result reveals that 1) the conflict arises between the legal status of the supplementary component and distinction principle because the principle does not recognise groups as in the supplementary component. Distinction principle only recognises armed forces and civilians. 2) The absence of synchronisation between Act Number 3 of 2002 concerning State Defence and the instruments of International Humanitarian Law was triggered by the fact that Act Number of 2002 follows universal defence system which does not recognise division of groups into two categories as in distinction principle in the instruments of International Humanitarian Law. Keywords: universal defence, state defence system components, supplementary component, distinction principle.
Kajian Yuridis Penggunaan Kecerdasan Artifisial pada Pembuatan dan Penyebaran Konten Pornografi di Media Sosial dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia Raisa Safina; Khalda Alifia Azzahra; Ananda Fersa Dharmawan
Mandub : Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Maret : Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora
Publisher : STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59059/mandub.v2i1.918

Abstract

This journal aims to conduct a juridical study on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the creation and dissemination of pornography content on social media, with a focus on Indonesian positive law. The main issues identified involve efforts to regulate the use of AI in pornography from an ethical standpoint and the necessity of appropriate regulations. The research has two main objectives: first, to identify the risks arising from the misuse of AI in creating pornography content and find ways to address these risks; second, to analyze the appropriate legal regulations regarding the use of AI to address the creation and dissemination of pornography content on social media, as well as to study regulations applied by some countries regarding AI use. The research findings indicate the positive impact of AI in various aspects of life, but its use in pornography production poses negative effects that require regulation. In Indonesia, regulations are limited to specific types of AI, necessitating updates to protect society from potential misuse of AI technology.