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All Journal JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Research Report - Engineering Science Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Arenst Andreas
Parahyangan Catholic University
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Other

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KARAKTERISASI CARBON NANOSPHERES (CNSs) DARI MINYAK GORENG DENGAN KATALIS FERROCENE DI PERMUKAAN KARBON AKTIF Hans Kristianto; Cahyadi Dwi Putra; Arenst Andreas
Research Report - Engineering Science Vol. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

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Abstract

Carbon nanospheres (CNSs) merupakan salah satu golongan nano karbon yang terbentuk sebagai produk samping dalam pembuatan carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNSs memiliki ukuran antara 50 nm sampai 1 μm, dapat berupa bola kosong atau berisi. CNSs memiliki ikatan yang menggantung (dangling bonds) yang menyebabkan sifatnya reaktif. Dewasa ini CNSs banyak diteliti untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai support katalis, adsorbent, atau pun elektroda baterai dan superkapasitor.Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan sintesis CNSs dengan menggunakan support karbon aktif. Katalis yang digunakan adalah katalis besi yang berasal dari ferrocene, Fe(C5H5)2. Sementara itu minyak goreng digunakan sebagai sumber karbon pembentuk CNSs. Campuran minyak goreng, katalis, dan karbon aktif kemudian dikarbonisasi dengan menggunakan electrical furnace pada 700oC selama 1 jam dengan atmosfer nitrogen. Dalam percobaan ini divariasikan konsentrasi awal katalis 2,5, 5, 7,5 dan 10g katalis/100 ml minyak goreng, dengan rasio karbon aktif terhadap minyak goreng 1:3 (b/b). Karakterisasi produk menggunakan x-ray diffraction (XRD), analisa luas permukaan BET, Raman spektroskopi, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), dan xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Morfologi permukaan karbon aktif diamati dengan scanning electron microscope (SEM) dan transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Hasil analisa SEM dan TEM menunjukkan bahwa dari sintesis yang dilakukan, terbentuk CNSs, yang tersusun atas C(002) dan C(100). Dapat diamati pula semakin besar katalis yang digunakan, semakin banyak CNSs yang terbentuk. Seiring peningkatan jumlah katalis, peningkatan kandungan besi dan oksigen di dalam sampel juga teramati dengan pengukuran EDS, akan tetapi berdasarkan analisa XPS, tidak ada perubahan komposisi gugus fungsi di permukaan karbon aktif. Penurunan luas permukaan karbon aktif teramati pada setiap sampel dengan penurunan maksimum 50%. Hal ini yang mengakibatkan penurunan kapasitas adsorpsi saat digunakan sebagai adsorbent. Saat sampel 2,5g/100mL diuji dengan cyclic voltammetry sebagai anoda baterai litium, performansinya stabil.Kata kunci: karbon aktif, katalis besi, minyak goreng, CNSs
Pengaruh Jenis, Konsentrasi Bahan Pengisi dan Suhu Pengeringan Terhadap Kualitas Ekstrak Buah Physalis Angulata Yang Diperoleh dengan Ekstraksi Menggunakan Air Subkritik Ratna Frida Susanti; Arenst Andreas; Garry Christianto Solihin
Research Report - Engineering Science Vol. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

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Abstract

Penggunaan ekstrak alami dari tumbuhan semakin luas dikembangkan dalam bidang farmasi. Keinginan masyarakat untuk kembali ke produk alam dan minimnya efek sampingyang ditimbulkan menjadi dua dari beberapa alasan yang muncul. Physalis angulata atau dikenal dengan nama ceplukan adalah tumbuhan herbal yang hidup semusim dan seringditemui tumbuh secara liar di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Physalis angulata digunakan secara luas dalam pengobatan tradisional. Dalam pengobatan tradisional, masyarakat merebussemua bagian dari tanaman ini dan kemudian diambil airnya untuk diminum. Akan tetapi berdasarkan studi terdahulu, penggunaan air pada suhu didihnya kurang efektif dalammengekstrak tanaman ini. Oleh karena itu, dipilihlah pelarut berupa air pada kondisi subkritiknya (suhu diatas titik didih air sampai dengan dibawah suhu kritik, pada tekanan tinggi), karena air pada kondisi subkritik memiliki kemampuan mengekstrak menyerupai pelarut organik yang notabene dihindari pemakaiannya karena sifatnya yang toksik, karsinogenik dan mahal. Ekstrak yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan air subkritik pada suhu 250o C memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi akan tetapi memiliki bentuk yang berminyak dan padat. Sehingga untuk membentuk sediaan obat dalam bentuk bubuk diperlukan tambahan bahan pengisi (filler) pada proses pengeringan ekstrak.Tujuan khusus yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah (i) mempelajari pengaruh jenis bahan pengisi pada kualitas ekstrak physalis angulata (ii) mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi bahan pengisi pada kualitas ekstrak dan (iii) mempelajari efek suhu pengeringan pada pengeringan dengan menggunakan oven vakum.Target akhir dari penelitian ini adalah diperolehnya sediaan obat berbentuk bubuk dari ekstrak buah physalis angulata dengan kondisi pengeringan yang tepat untuk mempertahankan kandungan antioksidan di dalamnya. Metodeyang digunakan adalah dengan ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut berupa air subkritik dan pengeringan ekstrak menggunakan oven vakum.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam range penelitian ini, semakin besar konsentrasi filler dan suhu pengeringan oven maka semakin baik nilai total fenol, flavonoid dan aktivitasantioksidannya. Filler aerosil terbukti lebih bagus dalam mempertahankan kualitas antioksidan dalam ekstrak.
Adsorpsi Ion Logam Kromium (Cr (Vi)) Menggunakan Karbon Aktif dari Bahan Baku Kulit Salak Selvya Utama; Hans Kristianto; Arenst Andreas
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2016: Prosiding SNTKK 2016
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

Heavy metals are elements which are produced in industrial waste. This heavy metal waste causes pollution to the environment if the content of heavy metals contained therein exceeds the threshold. The toxic’s properties are extremely dangerous for humans if it accumulates in the human body. One of the heavy metals that are produced  is chromium. Several chemical and biological methods to remove heavy metals contained in the waste have been found. The adsorption method is one of the efficient and effective ways to treat heavy metal waste. In this study, activated carbon was prepared from salacca peel. Effects of pH, adsorbent dosage and Cr(VI) concentration on the adsorption of hexavalent chromium were investigated. The results were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models. And kinetic of the adsorption was performed based on pseudo first order, pseudo second order, and intraparticle diffusion equations. From the research, it is known that the optimum conditions for the Chromium(VI) adsorption occurs at pH 2. The adsorption capacity of salacca peel based activated carbons for the removal of hexavalent chromium was found to be 123 mg/g. And the best adsorption isotherm which can represent the adsorption equilibrium is Langmuir isotermal adsorption model. Moreover the data indicated that the adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo second order
Synthesis of Nano Silica Originated from Rice Husks using Sol Gel Method with Methanol as Solvent Daniel Yonathan; Hans Kristianto; Arenst Andreas
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2016: Prosiding SNTKK 2016
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

Indonesia is an agricultural country that largely livelihood of the population in plants that produce carbohydrates such as rice, corn. Of the amount of rice produced there abundant agricultural waste. Agricultural wastes are utilized in this study is rice husk. In the rice husks are fairly large silica content is 16-18%. The purpose of this study for the synthesis nano silica from rice husk with the formation of silica phases and stages of formation nano silica. Silica formation stage was conducted using leaching and burning. While the formation stage nano silica conducted using sol gel + HCl 1M. Results are examined is the influence of solvent and aging time on the purity and characteristics nano silica. At this stage of the formation of silica, the leaching process using citric acid and burning at a temperature of 7500C for 5 hours resulted in the structure of amorphous silica and silica purity reached 93.08%. At this stage of formation nano silica with sol gel method using a variation of methanol and aging time. Variations solvent used is 1: 9, 1:16 and 1:19. While variations of aging time used is 1,3 and 6 days. Highest purity silica obtained by the method of sol gel variation of solvent 1: 9 and 1 day aging period at 75.45%. While the smallest nano-sized silica obtained by the sol gel method variation of solvent 1: 9 and aging time of 3 days with a size between 50-1500 nm
Sintesis Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Salak dengan Aktivasi K2CO3 sebagai Adsorben Larutan Zat Warna Metilen Biru Arenst Andreas
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2015: Prosiding SNTKK 2015
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

The preparation of activated carbon from salacca peels was studied by chemical activation with potassium carbonate (K2CO3). Salacca peels were firstly impregnated at a fixed salacca peel to potassium carbonate ratio of 1:2 and fixed potassium carbonate concentration of 10 %-w. The impregnated salacca peel were then carbonized in an electrical furnace at temperature of 800 °C. Macroporous activated carbons with a high surface area of 888.9 m2/g were obtained. The activated carbon was tested in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous phase. The adsorption study was realized using batch experiments with synthetic MB solution with various initial concentration of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm. The Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubunin-Radushkevich adsorption models were used for mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium, and it was found that the experimental data fitted very well to the Langmuir isotherm. Batch adsorption studies, based on the assumption of a pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order or intraparticle diffusion mechanism, showed that the kinetic data followed closely a pseudosecond- order rather than a pseudo-first-order mechanism. The adsorption capacity of salacca peel based activated carbons for the removal of MB was found to be 405 mg· g-1. These results clearly indicated the salacca peel derived activated carbons as a potential adsorbent for removal of MB from aqueous solutions.
Synthesis of Salacca Peel Based Activated Carbons Using Microwave Induced ZnCl2 Activation Arenst Andreas; Jessica Atin; Christiandi Arifin; Hans Kristianto
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2017: PROSIDING SNTKK
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

In this research, snake fruit (salacca) peel based activated carbons were prepared by ZnCl2 activation using microwave heating method. By using microwave heating, it is expected that the energy consumption in the activation process will be more efficient than that obtained by conventional heating. The effects of mass ratio of snake fruit peel to ZnCl2 (1:2 and 1:4), microwave power (130 watt, 230 watt, 380 watt, 540 watt, and 700 watt), and microwave radiation time (5, 15, 20, and 25 minutes) on the characteristics of activated carbons were investigated in detail. Activated carbons with BET surface area of 1796 m2/g were obtained at mass ratio of snake fruit peel to ZnCl2 of 1:4, microwave power of 540 watt, and 25 minutes of radiation time. Activated carbons were then used for adsorption of Cu(II) metal ions with initial concentration variations of 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm. Isotherm models used were Langmuir and Freundlich. From adsorption process, it was found that Langmuir model fitted experiment data well, with maximum adsorption capacity of 1262.62 mg Cu2+/g activated carbons. Kinetic model that were studied were pseudo first order, pseudo second order, and intraparticle diffusion mechanism. It was found that kinetic data followed well the pseudo second order model.
Sintesis Nanosilika dari Sekam Padi Menggunakan Metode Sol Gel dengan Pelarut Etanol Arenst Andreas; Hans Kristianto; Devi Fitriani Kurniawati
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2016: Prosiding SNTKK 2016
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

Rice husk is a byproduct of the milling process of paddy into rice. Silica can be obtained from rice husk to be utilized in various fields in the industry into high value products, one of them is nanosilica. Nanosilica can be obtained from rice husk using sol gel method with ethanol solvent. Before using sol gel method, performed insulating silica from rice husk using leaching method with citric acid solvent and combustion method. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of feed ratio (sodium silica): solvent (ethanol) and aging time on sol-gel method on the physical characteristics and morphology of nanosilica. Variations were made in the sol-gel method consists of variations in the volume of sodium silica: ethanol is 1: 9, 1:16, and 1:23. Moreover, variations of aging time is  1, 3, and 7 days. Characteristics of nanosilica were analyzed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) + EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). At variations of ethanol solvent, the best variety is 1:16 for providing the highest purity silica (56.85%). While at the time variation of aging, aging time for 7 days giving highest silica purity results and the smallest size diameter.
Sintesis Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Salak Aktivasi Kimia-Senyawa KOH sebagai Adsorben Proses Adosprsi Zat Warna Metilen Biru Arenst Andreas
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2015: Prosiding SNTKK 2015
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

In this study, activated carbons were prepared through chemical activation of Salacca peel, using KOH as chemical agent. Salacca peels were firstly pre-carbonized in an electrical furnace at temperature of 500 °C, then the peels were impregnated at a fixed salacca peel to potassium carbonate ratio of 1:4 and fixed potassium carbonate concentration of 20 %-w. The impregnated salacca peels were then carbonized at temperature of 800 °C. Activated carbons with a high surface area of 1939 m2/g were obtained. The activated carbon was tested in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous phase. The adsorption study was realized using batch experiments with synthetic MB solution with various initial concentrations of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 55 ppm. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin Radushkevich adsorption models were used for mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium, and it was found that the experimental data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. Batch adsorption studies, based on the assumption of a pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order or intraparticle diffusion mechanism, showed that the kinetic data followed closely a pseudo-second-order rather than a pseudo-first-order mechanism. The adsorption capacity of salacca peel based activated carbons for the removal of MB was found to be 674 mg· g-1. These results indicated the salacca peels derived activated carbons as a potential adsorbent for removal of MB from aqueous solutions.
Synthesis of Palm Oil Based Nano Carbon Using Nebulized Spray Pyrolysis Nicolas Orlando; Windy Wilianti; Hans Kristianto; Arenst Andreas
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2017: PROSIDING SNTKK
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

In this experiment, nano carbon material was synthesized with nebulized spray pyrolysis method using palm oil. The catalyst used in this study was ferrocene with a concentration of 0.015 g/ml; 0,020 g/ml; and 0.025 g/ml. The catalyst was contacted with carbon precursors using floating catalyst method. The carrier gas used in this study was nitrogen gas at a rate of 1.21 sccm. Nebulized process was conducted for 30 minutes with an operating temperature of 650°C; 700°C; 750°C; 800°C; 850°C; and 900°C. In this study, nano carbon material was synthesized by deposition directly on the walls of the tube / stainless steel reactor so no need a substrate as a growth medium carbon nano. The characteristics of nano carbon material was analyzed by several methods, such as SEM, EDS and XRD. The XRD analysis of carbon sample synthesized at 0.025 g/ml catalyst and all variations of temperature showed the presence of the C (002) and C (100) peak indicated a graphitic structures. From SEM observation, it can be seen that the structure of carbon nano spheres were found at temperature of 700°C and mixtures of nanotubes and nanospheres were established at temperature above 800°C.
Adsorpsi Ion Logam Tembaga Menggunakan Karbon Aktif dari Bahan Baku Kulit Salak Febe Apecsiana; Hans Kristianto; Arenst Andreas
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2016: Prosiding SNTKK 2016
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

Heavy metals contained inside water may carry negative impacts to humans and environment. The most effective treatment is adsorption using activated carbon which is obtained through chemical activation of snake fruit peel using KOH compound. The ratio of snake fruit peel to KOH (20%-w solution) used was 1:4. Snake fruit peel activated carbon with surface area of 2526  m2/g were obtained. The content of heavy metal ions (Cu2+) in the water were analyzed using spectrophotometer UV-Vis with NH3(p.a) solution which form a complex bound colored dark blue. Investigation was carried out by studying the influence of initial concentration (100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm), pH (2,5; 3,5; 5), the amount of adsorbent (30, 60, 90 mg), dan temperature (25oC, 35 oC, dan 45 oC ) to obtain optimum condition with the highest %removal at initial concentration 100 ppm, pH 5, 90 mg adsorbent, and there's no significant differences by varying temperature. Adsorption isotherm studies indicated that Langmuir model fit better with maximum adsorption capacity of 687 mg/g and Langmuir constant for the variation of initial concentration and the amount of adsorbent were 0.0473 L/mg and 0.0296 L/mg, respectively. The kinetics of adsorption of Cu(II) followed pseudo second order.
Co-Authors Agung Nugroho Alexander William Prijadi Boas Tua Hotasi Budi Husodo Bisowarno Cahyadi Dwi Putra Christiandi Arifin Daniel Alvin Chaidir Daniel Yonathan Devi Fitriani Kurniawati Emerentina Maerilla Puspaningrum Febe Apecsiana Garry Christianto Solihin Haryadi Wibowo Haryo Satriya Oktaviano Henky Muljana Jessica Atin Kristianto, Hans Muhammad Reza Wirayudha Pratama Nicolas Orlando Novitri Daulay Ratna Frida Susanti Selvya Utama Windy Wilianti Yosep Christian