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All Journal Research Report - Engineering Science Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Arenst Andreas
Department Of Chemical Engineering, Faculty Of Industrial Technology, Parahyangan Catholic University, Ciumbuleuit 94 Bandung 40141 Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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KARAKTERISASI CARBON NANOSPHERES (CNSs) DARI MINYAK GORENG DENGAN KATALIS FERROCENE DI PERMUKAAN KARBON AKTIF Hans Kristianto; Cahyadi Dwi Putra; Arenst Andreas
Research Report - Engineering Science Vol. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

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Abstract

Carbon nanospheres (CNSs) merupakan salah satu golongan nano karbon yang terbentuk sebagai produk samping dalam pembuatan carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNSs memiliki ukuran antara 50 nm sampai 1 μm, dapat berupa bola kosong atau berisi. CNSs memiliki ikatan yang menggantung (dangling bonds) yang menyebabkan sifatnya reaktif. Dewasa ini CNSs banyak diteliti untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai support katalis, adsorbent, atau pun elektroda baterai dan superkapasitor.Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan sintesis CNSs dengan menggunakan support karbon aktif. Katalis yang digunakan adalah katalis besi yang berasal dari ferrocene, Fe(C5H5)2. Sementara itu minyak goreng digunakan sebagai sumber karbon pembentuk CNSs. Campuran minyak goreng, katalis, dan karbon aktif kemudian dikarbonisasi dengan menggunakan electrical furnace pada 700oC selama 1 jam dengan atmosfer nitrogen. Dalam percobaan ini divariasikan konsentrasi awal katalis 2,5, 5, 7,5 dan 10g katalis/100 ml minyak goreng, dengan rasio karbon aktif terhadap minyak goreng 1:3 (b/b). Karakterisasi produk menggunakan x-ray diffraction (XRD), analisa luas permukaan BET, Raman spektroskopi, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), dan xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Morfologi permukaan karbon aktif diamati dengan scanning electron microscope (SEM) dan transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Hasil analisa SEM dan TEM menunjukkan bahwa dari sintesis yang dilakukan, terbentuk CNSs, yang tersusun atas C(002) dan C(100). Dapat diamati pula semakin besar katalis yang digunakan, semakin banyak CNSs yang terbentuk. Seiring peningkatan jumlah katalis, peningkatan kandungan besi dan oksigen di dalam sampel juga teramati dengan pengukuran EDS, akan tetapi berdasarkan analisa XPS, tidak ada perubahan komposisi gugus fungsi di permukaan karbon aktif. Penurunan luas permukaan karbon aktif teramati pada setiap sampel dengan penurunan maksimum 50%. Hal ini yang mengakibatkan penurunan kapasitas adsorpsi saat digunakan sebagai adsorbent. Saat sampel 2,5g/100mL diuji dengan cyclic voltammetry sebagai anoda baterai litium, performansinya stabil.Kata kunci: karbon aktif, katalis besi, minyak goreng, CNSs
Pengaruh Jenis, Konsentrasi Bahan Pengisi dan Suhu Pengeringan Terhadap Kualitas Ekstrak Buah Physalis Angulata Yang Diperoleh dengan Ekstraksi Menggunakan Air Subkritik Ratna Frida Susanti; Arenst Andreas; Garry Christianto Solihin
Research Report - Engineering Science Vol. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

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Abstract

Penggunaan ekstrak alami dari tumbuhan semakin luas dikembangkan dalam bidang farmasi. Keinginan masyarakat untuk kembali ke produk alam dan minimnya efek sampingyang ditimbulkan menjadi dua dari beberapa alasan yang muncul. Physalis angulata atau dikenal dengan nama ceplukan adalah tumbuhan herbal yang hidup semusim dan seringditemui tumbuh secara liar di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Physalis angulata digunakan secara luas dalam pengobatan tradisional. Dalam pengobatan tradisional, masyarakat merebussemua bagian dari tanaman ini dan kemudian diambil airnya untuk diminum. Akan tetapi berdasarkan studi terdahulu, penggunaan air pada suhu didihnya kurang efektif dalammengekstrak tanaman ini. Oleh karena itu, dipilihlah pelarut berupa air pada kondisi subkritiknya (suhu diatas titik didih air sampai dengan dibawah suhu kritik, pada tekanan tinggi), karena air pada kondisi subkritik memiliki kemampuan mengekstrak menyerupai pelarut organik yang notabene dihindari pemakaiannya karena sifatnya yang toksik, karsinogenik dan mahal. Ekstrak yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan air subkritik pada suhu 250o C memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi akan tetapi memiliki bentuk yang berminyak dan padat. Sehingga untuk membentuk sediaan obat dalam bentuk bubuk diperlukan tambahan bahan pengisi (filler) pada proses pengeringan ekstrak.Tujuan khusus yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah (i) mempelajari pengaruh jenis bahan pengisi pada kualitas ekstrak physalis angulata (ii) mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi bahan pengisi pada kualitas ekstrak dan (iii) mempelajari efek suhu pengeringan pada pengeringan dengan menggunakan oven vakum.Target akhir dari penelitian ini adalah diperolehnya sediaan obat berbentuk bubuk dari ekstrak buah physalis angulata dengan kondisi pengeringan yang tepat untuk mempertahankan kandungan antioksidan di dalamnya. Metodeyang digunakan adalah dengan ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut berupa air subkritik dan pengeringan ekstrak menggunakan oven vakum.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam range penelitian ini, semakin besar konsentrasi filler dan suhu pengeringan oven maka semakin baik nilai total fenol, flavonoid dan aktivitasantioksidannya. Filler aerosil terbukti lebih bagus dalam mempertahankan kualitas antioksidan dalam ekstrak.
Adsorpsi Ion Logam Kromium (Cr (Vi)) Menggunakan Karbon Aktif dari Bahan Baku Kulit Salak Selvya Utama; Hans Kristianto; Arenst Andreas
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2016: Prosiding SNTKK 2016
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

Heavy metals are elements which are produced in industrial waste. This heavy metal waste causes pollution to the environment if the content of heavy metals contained therein exceeds the threshold. The toxic’s properties are extremely dangerous for humans if it accumulates in the human body. One of the heavy metals that are produced  is chromium. Several chemical and biological methods to remove heavy metals contained in the waste have been found. The adsorption method is one of the efficient and effective ways to treat heavy metal waste. In this study, activated carbon was prepared from salacca peel. Effects of pH, adsorbent dosage and Cr(VI) concentration on the adsorption of hexavalent chromium were investigated. The results were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models. And kinetic of the adsorption was performed based on pseudo first order, pseudo second order, and intraparticle diffusion equations. From the research, it is known that the optimum conditions for the Chromium(VI) adsorption occurs at pH 2. The adsorption capacity of salacca peel based activated carbons for the removal of hexavalent chromium was found to be 123 mg/g. And the best adsorption isotherm which can represent the adsorption equilibrium is Langmuir isotermal adsorption model. Moreover the data indicated that the adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo second order
Synthesis of Nano Silica Originated from Rice Husks using Sol Gel Method with Methanol as Solvent Daniel Yonathan; Hans Kristianto; Arenst Andreas
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2016: Prosiding SNTKK 2016
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

Indonesia is an agricultural country that largely livelihood of the population in plants that produce carbohydrates such as rice, corn. Of the amount of rice produced there abundant agricultural waste. Agricultural wastes are utilized in this study is rice husk. In the rice husks are fairly large silica content is 16-18%. The purpose of this study for the synthesis nano silica from rice husk with the formation of silica phases and stages of formation nano silica. Silica formation stage was conducted using leaching and burning. While the formation stage nano silica conducted using sol gel + HCl 1M. Results are examined is the influence of solvent and aging time on the purity and characteristics nano silica. At this stage of the formation of silica, the leaching process using citric acid and burning at a temperature of 7500C for 5 hours resulted in the structure of amorphous silica and silica purity reached 93.08%. At this stage of formation nano silica with sol gel method using a variation of methanol and aging time. Variations solvent used is 1: 9, 1:16 and 1:19. While variations of aging time used is 1,3 and 6 days. Highest purity silica obtained by the method of sol gel variation of solvent 1: 9 and 1 day aging period at 75.45%. While the smallest nano-sized silica obtained by the sol gel method variation of solvent 1: 9 and aging time of 3 days with a size between 50-1500 nm
Sintesis Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Salak dengan Aktivasi K2CO3 sebagai Adsorben Larutan Zat Warna Metilen Biru Arenst Andreas
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2015: Prosiding SNTKK 2015
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

The preparation of activated carbon from salacca peels was studied by chemical activation with potassium carbonate (K2CO3). Salacca peels were firstly impregnated at a fixed salacca peel to potassium carbonate ratio of 1:2 and fixed potassium carbonate concentration of 10 %-w. The impregnated salacca peel were then carbonized in an electrical furnace at temperature of 800 °C. Macroporous activated carbons with a high surface area of 888.9 m2/g were obtained. The activated carbon was tested in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous phase. The adsorption study was realized using batch experiments with synthetic MB solution with various initial concentration of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm. The Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubunin-Radushkevich adsorption models were used for mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium, and it was found that the experimental data fitted very well to the Langmuir isotherm. Batch adsorption studies, based on the assumption of a pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order or intraparticle diffusion mechanism, showed that the kinetic data followed closely a pseudosecond- order rather than a pseudo-first-order mechanism. The adsorption capacity of salacca peel based activated carbons for the removal of MB was found to be 405 mg· g-1. These results clearly indicated the salacca peel derived activated carbons as a potential adsorbent for removal of MB from aqueous solutions.
Sintesis Nanosilika dari Sekam Padi Menggunakan Metode Sol Gel dengan Pelarut Etanol Arenst Andreas; Hans Kristianto; Devi Fitriani Kurniawati
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2016: Prosiding SNTKK 2016
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

Rice husk is a byproduct of the milling process of paddy into rice. Silica can be obtained from rice husk to be utilized in various fields in the industry into high value products, one of them is nanosilica. Nanosilica can be obtained from rice husk using sol gel method with ethanol solvent. Before using sol gel method, performed insulating silica from rice husk using leaching method with citric acid solvent and combustion method. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of feed ratio (sodium silica): solvent (ethanol) and aging time on sol-gel method on the physical characteristics and morphology of nanosilica. Variations were made in the sol-gel method consists of variations in the volume of sodium silica: ethanol is 1: 9, 1:16, and 1:23. Moreover, variations of aging time is  1, 3, and 7 days. Characteristics of nanosilica were analyzed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) + EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). At variations of ethanol solvent, the best variety is 1:16 for providing the highest purity silica (56.85%). While at the time variation of aging, aging time for 7 days giving highest silica purity results and the smallest size diameter.
Sintesis Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Salak Aktivasi Kimia-Senyawa KOH sebagai Adsorben Proses Adosprsi Zat Warna Metilen Biru Arenst Andreas
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2015: Prosiding SNTKK 2015
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

In this study, activated carbons were prepared through chemical activation of Salacca peel, using KOH as chemical agent. Salacca peels were firstly pre-carbonized in an electrical furnace at temperature of 500 °C, then the peels were impregnated at a fixed salacca peel to potassium carbonate ratio of 1:4 and fixed potassium carbonate concentration of 20 %-w. The impregnated salacca peels were then carbonized at temperature of 800 °C. Activated carbons with a high surface area of 1939 m2/g were obtained. The activated carbon was tested in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous phase. The adsorption study was realized using batch experiments with synthetic MB solution with various initial concentrations of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 55 ppm. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin Radushkevich adsorption models were used for mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium, and it was found that the experimental data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. Batch adsorption studies, based on the assumption of a pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order or intraparticle diffusion mechanism, showed that the kinetic data followed closely a pseudo-second-order rather than a pseudo-first-order mechanism. The adsorption capacity of salacca peel based activated carbons for the removal of MB was found to be 674 mg· g-1. These results indicated the salacca peels derived activated carbons as a potential adsorbent for removal of MB from aqueous solutions.
Adsorpsi Ion Logam Tembaga Menggunakan Karbon Aktif dari Bahan Baku Kulit Salak Febe Apecsiana; Hans Kristianto; Arenst Andreas
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2016: Prosiding SNTKK 2016
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

Heavy metals contained inside water may carry negative impacts to humans and environment. The most effective treatment is adsorption using activated carbon which is obtained through chemical activation of snake fruit peel using KOH compound. The ratio of snake fruit peel to KOH (20%-w solution) used was 1:4. Snake fruit peel activated carbon with surface area of 2526  m2/g were obtained. The content of heavy metal ions (Cu2+) in the water were analyzed using spectrophotometer UV-Vis with NH3(p.a) solution which form a complex bound colored dark blue. Investigation was carried out by studying the influence of initial concentration (100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm), pH (2,5; 3,5; 5), the amount of adsorbent (30, 60, 90 mg), dan temperature (25oC, 35 oC, dan 45 oC ) to obtain optimum condition with the highest %removal at initial concentration 100 ppm, pH 5, 90 mg adsorbent, and there's no significant differences by varying temperature. Adsorption isotherm studies indicated that Langmuir model fit better with maximum adsorption capacity of 687 mg/g and Langmuir constant for the variation of initial concentration and the amount of adsorbent were 0.0473 L/mg and 0.0296 L/mg, respectively. The kinetics of adsorption of Cu(II) followed pseudo second order.
Synthesis of Nanosilica Originated from Fly Ash using Sol-Gel Method with Methanol as Solvent Daniel Alvin Chaidir; Hans Kristianto; Arenst Andreas
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2016: Prosiding SNTKK 2016
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

Coal fly ash could harm environment and dangerous for human health. Coal fly ash could be used as silica precursor because it contains silica in considerable amount. Method that used to isolate silica is alkaline fusion which used NaOH. The goals are to determine the effect of precursor and solvent ratio (1:9; 1:16; 1:23) and ageing time (3, 6, and 9 days) to particle size and characteristic obtain. Procedure of separating silica begin from burnt fly ash at 750°C, dissolved in HCl, filtered the solution to obtain the precipitate, dried the precipitate and dissolved in NaOH to obtained Na2SiO3. Procedure of nanosilica synthesis was carried out with mixed methanol, water, ammonia, and precursor while stirred for 8 hours, ageing for few days, followed with separate solution using centrifugation method. Product obtained was then characterized using SEM-EDS and XRD. From the results obtained, the ratio of precursor and solvent concentration would affect the particle size obtained and the amount of the product. The highest amount of Si obtained when ratio of precursor : methanol = 1:23 and ageing time 9 days which is 22.64%. Meanwhile, ageing time would affect the particle size distribution obtained. The product also known has amorphous structure.
Sintesis Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Jeruk dengan Aktivasi Menggunakan Subkritik Air Arenst Andreas
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2015: Prosiding SNTKK 2015
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

Low-cost and environmental friendly activated carbon was synthesized from orange peels (citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) which activated by subcritical water. Orange peels were first carbonized in an electrical furnace at temperature of 800oC for 2 hours. Activation process of the carbonized orange peel were done in 1 hour inside a reactor at temperature of 200oC and pressure from 120 to 220 bar. Mesoporous activated carbon with highest surface area was obtained at pressure of 170 bar, where the surface area was 491.840 m2/g. The orange peel derived activated carbons were tested in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous phase. The adsorption study was done under batch condition with various initial concentration of MB solution. The initial concentrations of MB used were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm. The adsorption of MB followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation, and fit well to the Temkin isotherm, while the adsorption mechanism was affected by the intraparticle diffusion and surface diffusion.
Co-Authors Boas Tua Hotasi Cahyadi Dwi Putra Daniel Alvin Chaidir Daniel Yonathan Devi Fitriani Kurniawati Emerentina Maerilla Puspaningrum Febe Apecsiana Garry Christianto Solihin Henky Muljana Kristianto, Hans Novitri Daulay Ratna Frida Susanti Selvya Utama Yosep Christian