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All Journal Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Chrinius Hammuel
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Nursing Public Health

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Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of Acalypha Racemosa Leaves Chrinius Hammuel; Benedicta P. Anyim; Helen H. Raplong; Victory U. Inekwe; Musa L. Batari
Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology Vol 3, No 2 (2014): August 2014
Publisher : Graduate Program of Syiah Kuala University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (400.033 KB) | DOI: 10.13170/aijst.3.2.1486

Abstract

Abstract - Drug resistance microorganisms have posed enormous public concern there is therefore a need to screen plants that could have the potency in the control of the pathogenic organisms. The extracts obtained from the Acalypha racemosa were screened for phytochemical properties and in vitro investigation of methanol and aqueous extracts. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, phlabatanins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Glycoside and cardiac glycoside, tannins and sterols were in traced amount. The in vitro antibacterial investigation of the crude extract was conducted. The studies showed that the plant contains compounds that have antibacterial activity. The extracts revealed greater potential against the test bacteria with zones of inhibition ranging from 20-30 mm for methanol extract in the order Escherichia coliKlebsiella pneumoniaeProteus mirabilisBacillus subtilisPseudomonas aeruginosa and 18-27mm for aqueous extract in the order Escherichia coli Bacillus subtilis Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Proteus mirabilis. All the bacteria were more susceptible to methanol extract than the aqueous extract as indicated in the zones of inhibition with exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in which there was no inhibition. The aqueous extract had effect on all the test bacteria although having zones of inhibition lower than the methanol extract.  The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both extracts range from 12.5-50 mg/ml and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) range from 25-100 mg/ml. Escherichia coli was more susceptibility to both extracts and less was seen in the case of aqueous extract against Proteus mirabilis. The screening of the plant has revealed its potency in the treatment of pathogenic infections that may be caused by these pathogens.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus Species on Toilet Seats in Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, North-Easthern Nigeria Joyce Briska; Chrinius Hammuel
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3353

Abstract

Staphylococcus species are commensal bacteria and a major human pathogen that causes a wide variety of clinical manifestations. The most challenging feature of the Staphylococcus species bacterium is its rapid dissemination to humans and through toilet seats. The aim of this research is to assess for the presence of Staphylococcus species. A total of 20 toilet seat swab samples were obtained. The isolates were identified using biochemical techniques and were confirmed using microgen identification kits. A total of 16 (80%) isolates were identified as Staphylococcus species and 14 (87.5%) were identified as Staphylococcus aureus and 2(12.5%) as Staphylococcus epidermis. The antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using Kirby Bauer antibiotic disk method. The prevalence of Staphylococcus species was 87.5% and 12.5% of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis respectively. Most of the isolates were resistant to Ceftazidime, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Levofloxacin, and Azithromycin due to the over use of the drug making most organism develop mechanism of resistance and acquiring resistance against them. Rifampin was more effective to Staphylococcus aureus in this research. The multiple antibiotic indices indicates that 87.5% of 87.5%, 12.5% of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and 12.5% Staphylococcus epidermidis had multiple antibiotic index greater 0.20. The presence of multi -drug resistant Staphylococcus species in this research emphasizes the need to formulate hygiene measures to prevent possible dissemination of Staphylococcus species and other transmissible pathogens to students and staff in the university.
Proximate Composition and Bacteriological Quality of Some Vegetables Sold in Parts of Taraba State, North-Eastern Nigeria Chrinius Hammuel; Silas Verwiyeh Tatah; and Joyce Briska
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3503

Abstract

Market-sold fresh vegetables are subjected to a variety of contaminants or pollutants. The proliferation of microorganisms, like bacteria, in food is caused by growth-promoting environmental conditions. Determining the bacterial quality and proximate composition of some lettuce and cabbage sold in certain areas of Taraba State is the goal of this study. The samples were collected from Taraba North (Jalingo and Zing Markets) and Taraba South (Wukari and Donga Markets), and their nutritional makeup or proximate composition was determined using method adopted from Association of Official Analytical Chemists and bacterial count was carried out using pour plate method. The mean moisture content of the vegetables was higher in cabbage (95.41±0.04) and lettuce (96.82±0.52) from Donga. Lettuce and cabbage from Jalingo had ash content of 0.99±0.04 and 0.91±0.04 respectively. Cabbage (0.70±0.88) and lettuce (0.85±0.026) from Jalingo and Zing respectively were found to have a high protein composition. The cabbage samples from Wukari (0.60±0.04) and Jalingo (0.38±0.02) had higher mean lipid contents. Cabbage from Wukari had a higher mean fibre composition (3.95±0.10). The amount of carbohydrates in lettuce from Wukari was found to be higher (3.94±0.08). The total bacterial count mean values were higher in the cabbage sample collected from the Zing market (1.43×107±1.43×105) and higher in the fresh lettuce sample collected from Wukari market (1.52×107±4.9×105). Bacterial contamination can cause vegetables to deteriorate and lose important nutrients. Vegetables sold in markets should therefore be properly washed and prepared before eating.
Co-Authors and Joyce Briska Benedicta P. Anyim Helen H. Raplong Joyce Briska Musa L. Batari Silas Verwiyeh Tatah Victory U. Inekwe