Abstract. This study presents an economic analysis of tiger and humpback grouper at different production scales in Indonesia. The results highlight the nonviability of small scale tiger grouper, with a 5 years projected negative cumulative cash flow of – Rp. 18.102.650 and a negative net present value (NPV) of – Rp. 22.059.576. An increasing production scale of tiger grouper highlight a marginal viability for medium scale (with a 5 year projected cumulative cash flow of Rp. 198.320.673 and a positive NPV of Rp. 105.578.440; with a benefit cost ratio of 1,25; an internal rate of return (IRR) of 88%; and a payback period of 0,99 year), and an economically viable of large scale cage culture (with a 5 year projected cumulative cash of Rp. 707.746.923; a NPV of Rp.406.801.749; a benefit cost ratio of 1,33;an internal rate of return of 157%;and a payback period of 0,57 year). The economic analysis of humpback grouper atdifferent production scales highlight positive cumulative cash, a positive NPV,a benefit cost ratio higher than 2, an internal rate of return over 300% and apayback period of less than one year. A sensitivity analysis revealed thatincreased survival rate up to 80% would increase cumulative cash and NPV ofsmall scale tiger grouper cage culture. Additionally, improved profitabilityperformance was associated with decreased major production costs, increasedproduction and price of the product.