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MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND COARSENING KINETICS OF B2-(Fe,Ni)Al IN FERITIC STEEL OF Fe-14Ni-9Al-7,5Cr-1Mo AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. Eddy Agus Basuki; Syaiful Bachri; Djoko Hadi Prajitno
Urania : Jurnal Ilmiah Daur Bahan Bakar Nuklir Vol 26, No 3 (2020): Oktober, 2020
Publisher : website

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/urania.2020.26.3.6043

Abstract

MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND COARSENING KINETICS OF B2-(Fe,Ni)Al  IN FERRITIC STEEL OF Fe-14Ni-9Al-7,5Cr-1Mo AT HIGH TEMPERATURES. Increasing the efficiency of power plant facilities, such as steam power plant, is demanding, and this drives to the development of materials capable for higher temperature operations. Ferritic steels have been widely used for boiler components due to their relatively economical and higher in thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, the application of ferritic steels for boilers is limited only at 630 ℃ due to their weakness in creep strength and corrosion at higher temperatures. Efforts to increase the performance of ferritic steels at higher temperature applications have been intensively carried out, one of which is by developing B2-(Fe,Ni)Al precipitates in the ferrite matrix. This paper discusses the microstructural evolution in alloy of Fe-14Ni-9Al-7.5Cr-1Mo (in wt.%) strengthened by B2-(Fe,Ni)Al precipitates during heating at 800, 900, and 1000 oC for 6, 20 and 48 hours. Ageing at 800 oC for 6 hours gave rounded cuboidal B2-(Fe,Ni)Al precipitates dispersed homogeneously in the ferrite matrix and changed to rounded shape at longer ageing times. At 1000 oC, however, the precipitates had rounded shape at all times of ageing. Coarsening of precipitates occurred during ageing at 800 and 1000 oC with the rate constants of 5,7 x 104 nm3/h and 2,1 x106 nm3/h respectively, which is considered relatively low. The highest hardness value of 520 HVN was observed for the sample aged at 1000 °C for 6 hours.Keywords: Ferritic steels, B2-(Fe,Ni)Al precipitate, coarsening, microstructure evolution
Pengaruh Penambahan Zirkonium pada Paduan Fe-17Ni-17Cr-7,7Al-4Cu Terhadap Oksidasi Isotermal Dachi Diputro Niko; Eddy Agus Basuki
Jurnal TEDC Vol 16 No 3 (2022): JURNAL TEDC
Publisher : UPPM Politeknik TEDC Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Abstrak Energi listrik merupakan salah satu yang tidak terpisahkan dengan manusia. Sebanyak 53% PLTU sebagai penopang utama pembangkit listrik di Indonesia saat ini, cadangan listrik Indonesia belum aman dan memungkinkan menghampat pertumbuhan industri dan ekonomi. Dalam keberlangsungan PLTU, efisiensi panas merupakan faktor penting dalam menentukan jumlah listrik yang dihasilkan. Semakin tinggi efisiensi panas untuk suatu jumlah batubara tertentu, jumlah listrik yang dihasilkan pun semakin besar. Oleh karena itu, cara yang paling praktis untuk meningkatkan efisiensi PLTU adalah dengan menaikkan temperatur uap. Tuntutan untuk merealisasikan efisiensi energi ini bertujuan menekan emisi CO2 sebagai bentuk kepedulian negara terhadap efek rumah kaca, sehingga pemilihan material sangat diperhatikan. Material yang digunakan harus memiliki kekuatan yang tinggi, ekspansi termal yang rendah, dan konduktivitas termal yang baik pada temperatur tinggi. Selain itu, memiliki ketahanan oksidasi dan korosi temperatur tinggi merupakan salah satu kriteria yang dibutuhkan. Material yang umumnya digunakan sebagai komponen turbin uap adalah Ni-based superalloy, Fe ferritic, dan Fe austenitic. Akan tetapi, dengan harga nikel yang cukup mahal menjadi salah satu kendala dalam penggunaan paduan logam atau baja yang mengandung nikel. Namun, dibutuhkan material yang memiliki kualitas bersaing dan produksi yang lebih murah, salah satunya dengan menggunakan material paduan berbasis Fe. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh penambahan zirkonium (Zr) pada paduan Fe-17Ni-17Cr-7,7Al-4Cu terhadap oksidasi isotermal. Penelitian ini membandingkan penambahan Zr dengan berbagai kandungan, yaitu 0,0; 0,1; 0,4; 1,0. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian oksidasi isotermal yang bervariasi pada temperatur 700, 800, dan 900oC dan waktu 2, 10, dan 40 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan paduan dengan kandungan Zr sebesar 1wt.%, memiliki selisih penambahan/pengurangan massa/berat per luas penampang awal yang cenderung sedikit dibandingkan lainnya. Pembentukan lapisan kerak oksida Al2O3 (alumina) dan Cr2O3 (kromina) sebagai oksida protektif terjadi pada bagian terluar/antarmuka dan ditemukan bahwa penambahan Zr membantu pembentukan lapisan kerak oksida Al2O3 serta bergabung dengan. Al2O3 membentuk presipitat ZrO2. Kekerasan paduan Fe-17Ni-17Cr-7,7Al-4Cu seiring penambahan Zr mengalami peningkatan, dengan kekerasan tertinggi adalah 225,7 HVN pada penambahan 1%Zr. Kata Kunci: pembangkit listrik, oksidasi isotermal, zirkonium, Al2O3 Abstract Electrical energy is one that cannot be separated from humans. As much as 53% of PLTU as the main support for power plants in Indonesia at this time, Indonesia's electricity reserves are not yet safe and it is possible to hinder industrial and economic growth. In the sustainability of PLTU, heat efficiency is an important factor in determining the amount of electricity generated. The higher the heat efficiency for a given amount of coal, the greater the amount of electricity generated. Therefore, the most practical way to increase the efficiency of PLTU is to increase the steam temperature. This demand to realize energy efficiency aims to reduce CO2 emissions as a form of state concern for the greenhouse effect, so that material selection is very important. The material used must have high strength, low thermal expansion, and good thermal conductivity at high temperatures. In addition, having high temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance is one of the required criteria. Materials that are generally used as components of steam turbines are Ni-based superalloy, Fe ferritic, and Fe austenitic. However, the price of nickel which is quite expensive is one of the obstacles in the use of metal alloys or steels containing nickel. However, it takes materials that have competitive quality and cheaper production, one of which is by using Fe-based alloy materials. So, in this study, we analyzed the effect of adding zirconium (Zr) to Fe-17Ni-17Cr-7,7Al-4Cu alloy on isothermal oxidation. This study compared the addition of Zr with various contents, namely 0.0; 0.1; 0.4; 1.0. Then, various isothermal oxidation tests were carried out at temperatures of 700, 800, and 900oC and time of 2, 10, and 40 hours. The results showed that alloys with a Zr content of 1wt.%, had a slight difference in addition/subtraction of mass/weight per initial cross-sectional area compared to others. The formation of the Al2O3 and Cr2O3 oxide scales as protective oxides occurred at the outer surface/interface and the addition of Zr helped the formation of the Al2O3 oxide scale layer as well as joining. Al2O3 forms ZrO2 precipitates. The hardness of the Fe-17Ni-17Cr-7,7Al-4Cu alloy increased with the addition of Zr, with the highest hardness being 225.7 HVN at the addition of 1% Zr. Keywords: power plants, oxidation isothermal, zirconium, Al2O3