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All Journal Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Zuriat
Helen Hetharie
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education

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Karakterisasi Morfologi Bunga dan Buah Abnormal Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Hasil Kultur Jaringan Helen Hetharie; Gustav A. Wattimena; Maggy Thenawidjaya S.; Hajrial Aswidinnoor; Nurita Toruan-Mathius; Gale Ginting
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 35 No. 1 (2007): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (665.766 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v35i1.1310

Abstract

Tissue culture-derived plants of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) can produce abnormal female dan male flowers, especially female, which develop into mantled fruit. This abnormality have caused yield lost up to 40%. The objectives of this research were to study the stages of flower development in which the abnormality started to appear, to characterize the morphology of the abnormal flower and fruit, and to determine the degree of abnormality. Plant materials used in this research were MK152, MK 176, MK 203, MK163, MK104, MK 212 and MK 209 clones obtained from the collection of "Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)" in Ciampea, Bogor. Characterization of abnormality at the flowering stage was conducted  based on morphological performance at several stages of flower development, while the degree of abnormality at fruiting stage was determined based on the condition of carpel, mesocarp and seed. Normal flower and fruit of the same clone were used as the control. The results showed that the abnormality started at primordial stage of flower organ formation. Supplement carpel was found surrounding gynoecium for the abnormal female flower, which was composed of three to six carpels present at  separate whorl of flower. Abnormal male  flower had no additional whorl of  flower, instead stamens were converted into carpel-like structures. In this case, number of carpels structure depends on the degree of abnormality. There were three levels of abnormality, i.e. light abnormality (AbR), heavy abnormality (AbB) and severe abnormality (AbSB). The severe abnormal fruit was seedless, with soft mesocarp (AbSB1) and woody mesocarp (AbSB2).   Key words : oil palm, mantled fruit, supplement carpel, flower whorl, tissue culture
EKSPLORASI DAN KARAKTERISASI PLASMA NUTFAH KACANG-KACANGAN MINOR DI KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGGARA BARAT Helen Hetharie; S. H.T. Raharjo; M. L. Hehanussa; J. D. Siwalette; E. Jambormias
Zuriat Vol 22, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Breeding Science Society of Indonesia (BSSI) / PERIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/zuriat.v22i2.6855

Abstract

Germplasms of food crops with a high diversity can be found in Maluku Tenggara Barat (MTB) District, include plant legumes. The objectives of this research were: (1) to find minor legume species with a high diversity based on their morphology, (2) to determine diversity centers of the minor legumes in Maluku Tenggara Barat District.  This research used a survey method, with determination of sample subdistricts, villages and farmers by a purposive sampling.  Four subdistricts, i.e. Wertamrian, Kromomolin, Selaru and Tanimbar Utara, with 8 sample villages, were selected. Morphological characterizations were based on the descriptor guides.  The data were analyzed qualitatively, in the forms of figures. The research results showed that there were six minor legume species cultivated in MTB, those were kacang tunggak [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp], kacang koro karatok (Phaseolus lanatus L.), kacang gude [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp], kacang komak (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet), kacang uci (Vigna umbellata) and kacang kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), with a diversity center in Selaru Subdistrict. The highest within-species diversity based on seed color and shape was found in Vigna unguiculata with 14 accessions, with a center in Tanimbar Utara Subdistrict. Within-species diversities in Phaseolus lanatus with eight accessions, followed by Cajanus cajan with six accessions, were found with a diversity center in Selaru Subdistrict.
Co-Authors E. Jambormias Gale Ginting Gustav A. Wattimena HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR J. D. Siwalette M. L. Hehanussa Maggy Thenawidjaya S. NURITA TORUAN-MATHIUS S. H.T. Raharjo