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The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Sweet Leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) to The Mortality of Anopheles aconitus L. Third Instar Larvae Adi Purnomo; Sri Haryati; FX Bambang Sukilarso Sakiman
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Use of chemical insecticide to kill Anopheles aconitus L. mosquitoes can cause many side effects and resistances for the mosquitoes, thus natural larvicide is needed to kill Anopheles aconitus L. larvae. Sweet leaves contain substances that can be used as larvicide. Therefore, the aim of research is to investigate how ethanol extract of sweet leaves affects to the mortality of Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae. Methods: This research used laboratory experimental design with posttest only controlled group design. The subject of this research was Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larva which was divided into 7 groups. Each group contained 25 larvae and the research was repeated 4 times. The negative control group contained 100 ml of water only. The other six groups contained different number of ethanol extract of sweet leaves: 0.06%, 0.14%, 0.22%, 0.30%, 0.38%, and 0.46% (mg/100ml). Observation was done after 24 hours and the number of dead larvae was counted. Linear Regression and Probit Regression were used to analyze data. Results: Linear Regression test showed that increasing of the ethanol extract of sweet leaves affected to the increasing of Anopheles aconitus L mortality based on Y = 0.02 + 2.12X formula. The R correlation score was 0.98 and R2 score was 0.96 thus it meant that percentage of ethanol extract of sweet leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) to kill larvae was 96% and the rest 4% was affected by other variables. Probit Regression test showed that LC50 was at 0.19% mg and LC99 was at 0.56%. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of sweet leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) has effect to the mortality of Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae paralleled to the increasing of ethanol extract. The LC50 is at 0.19%, the LC99 is at 0.56% Keywords: sweet leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.), Anopheles aconitus L. third instar larvae, mortality
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Sweet Leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) to The Mortality of Aedes aegypti L. Larvae Anton Giri Mahendra; Sri Haryati; FX. Bambang Sukilarso Sakiman
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Introduction: Sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) is known to contain saponins, tannins and flavonoids. Saponins, tannins and flavonoids are compounds that known as larvicides. This study aims to determine whether the ethanol extract of the sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) had an effect on mortality of larvae of Aedes aegypti L. Methods: This research were laboratory experimental design with post test only control group design. The object was the larva of Aedes aegypti L. that divided into 7 groups, each group contains 25 larvae. Each group consists of four plastic cups filled with ethanol extract of sweet leaf at the same concentration. The control group were exposed to ethanol extract of the sweet leaf with a concentration of 0 mg / 100 ml. The other six groups were given different number of ethanol extract of sweet leaf. There were 200 mg/ 100 ml, 600 mg/ 100 ml, 1000 mg/ 100 ml, 1400 mg/ 100 ml, 1800 mg/ 100 ml, 2200 mg/ 100 ml, respectively. The observation was taken at the next 24 hours and the number of dead larvae were counted. Linear regression and probit regression were used as statistical analysis. Results: Linear Regression test shows that the R2 score was 0.99. That means the percentage of ethanol extract of sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) to kill larvae was 99 % and the rest 1% was affected by other variables. Probit regression test shows LC50 was 1157 mg / 100 ml and LC99 was 3075 mg / 100 ml. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) had an effect on mortality of larvae of Aedes aegypti L. on LC50 of 1157 mg / 100ml and LC99 of 3075 mg / 100 ml, as well as the percentage of variable effect of ethanol extract of sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) on mortality of Aedes aegypti L. larvae at 99%. Keywords: sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.), Aedes aegypti L. larvae