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Supriyanto Ardjo Pawiro
Medical Physics and Biophysics Division, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia
Medicine & Pharmacology Physics

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Medical Physics Education and Profession in South-East Asia: Challenges for the Region Supriyanto Ardjo Pawiro
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Abstract

Entrance Skin Dose Measurement Using GafChromic Dosimetry Film for Adult Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography (CA) and Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) Endang Nurtriningsih; Kristina Tri Wigati; Erlin Ingrina; Yurneli Luthan; Supriyanto Ardjo Pawiro
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Inaugural Issue
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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The complexity of interventional procedures has led to increasingly longer procedure time that require significant fluoroscopic use. Fluoroscopy time is proportional to the patient dose. Once a threshold dose has been exceeded, the severity of the radiation effect at any point on the skin increases with increasing dose. The threshold dose for transient skin injuries is typically 2 Gy for erythema, the earliest detectable effect of radiation on the skin. Therefore, it is important to monitor radiation entrance exposure to the patients. Since it is not uncommon that a patient not only perform a single examination, the skin dose per examination is recommended to note if in the future radiation effect on the patient's skin arises. The skin dose records will help further treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate patient dose in interventional radiology. Twenty one cardiac intervention procedures were studied: 12 coronary angiography (CA) dan 9 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The entrance surface dose were measure using DAP (dose-area product) and GafChromic XR-RV3 radiochromic film attached to the skin. GafChromic film measurement obtained the skin dose distribution on the back of the coronary area. In addition, we also measure the patient backscattering dose on the thyroid, gonad and eyes. Image analysis was performed using red channel component of standard RGB (red, green and blue) color space image. The correlation between maximum radiation surface dose and dose area product for two interventional procedures was investigated. We found a good correlation of DAP (dose-area product) and maximum entrance skin dose (R2 = 0.79, R2 = 0.52 for CA and R2 = 0.74 for PTCA). However, fluoroscopy time seems to have a poor relationship with the patient entrance surface dose (R2 = 0.43). The total irradiation time, DAP and entrance surface dose for PTCA procedures is higher than CA procedures because of the PTCA procedure is more complex. The entrance surface dose delivered to the patient can be easily measured when GafChromic films are used. The GafChromic dosimetry allows precise mapping of the skin dose distribution, when placed close to the skin. The GafChromic film results that the radiation dose to the surface for PTCA procedure greater than CA.
Occupational Dose Estimation with Field Size, Position and C-Arm Gantry Tilt Variations During Interventional Cardiology Procedures Nurdina Gita Pratiwi; Supriyanto Ardjo Pawiro; Kristina Tri Wigati; Djarwani S. Soejoko
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Inaugural Issue
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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In Interventional Cardiology, dose received by the patient is relatively higher, while the occupational would receive scattered radiation dose whose quality is relatively lower. However, the occupational received accumulative doses of all cardiovascular procedures were done over the years. Therefore, the purpose of this paper will focus to estimate the distribution of scattered dose to occupational without any protective shielding in the Cath Lab. The scattered dose rate was measured by using survey detector of Unfors Xi. The detector was placed at 6 different positions around the phantom. Each measurement position has eleven points from 25 to 175 cm above the floor with increment of 15 cm as the illustration of partial height of occupational organ. Experimentally a Rando phantom was irradiated by automatic pulsed fluoroscopy with condition varies in the range of 88-93 kV and 5.7-9.4 mA depend on gantry tilt and field size. The Philips C-arm gantry tilt was varied at 0o PA projection, 20o and 30o Caudal, 20o and 30o Cranial, and 40o and 50o Left Anterior Oblique, and also Flat Panel Detector (FPD) was varied at 20 x 20 and 25 x 25 cm2. Generally, the greatest dose rate was known at level corresponding to the waist (100 cm) of occupational and the lowest at head areas (175 cm) of occupational which is 2.49 mGv/h and 0.02 mGy/h, respectively. The given data showed that the scattered fractions are in the range of 0.001-0.060% from its primary dose at isocenter. The scattered doses tend to increase with gantry tilt for all positions. Increasing field size of FPD will decreased the scattered fraction from its dose at isocenter, and also it affects the scattered dose rate.
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics: the Inaugural Issue Supriyanto Ardjo Pawiro
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Inaugural Issue
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Volume Averaging Correction Factor of Several Detectors in Small Field Radiotherapy Dosimetry Fajar Haristyo; Supriyanto Ardjo Pawiro
Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Inaugural Issue
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Physicists in Medicine (AIPM/AFISMI)

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Various type of detector, such as ionization chamber, has been used in small field radiotherapy dosimetry. There is a limitation in detector’s dimension which can produce the volume averaging effect. Detector will average the measured dose because of fluence perturbation that happens in gas-filled cavity around detector’s active volume. Purpose of this study is to calculate volume averaging correction factor of some detectors. Volume averaging correction factor can be calculated using MATLAB based algorithm. The result shows that detector with the lowest volume averaging correction factor is SFD diode detector with volume averaging correction factor value is 1,0086 in 4 cm x 4 cm field size. Whereas GD-302 has the largest volume averaging correction, 1,6083 in 0,8 cm x 0,8 cm field size. The larger size of detector, the greater volume averaging correction factor will be produced. Therefore, detector with small enough dimension is required in order to minimize the effect of volume averaging.
Co-Authors Djarwani S. Soejoko Endang Nurtriningsih Erlin Ingrina Fajar Haristyo Kristina Tri Wigati Nurdina Gita Pratiwi Yurneli Luthan