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ARGUMENTASI SUNNAH DAN SYI’AH TENTANG HUKUM PERNIKAHAN MUT’AH (KAJIAN KRITIS METODOLOGIS) chamim tohari
Hukum Islam Vol 20, No 2 (2020): PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM KELUARGA DAN EKONOMI SYARI'AH
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan hukum Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/jhi.v20i2.9446

Abstract

This research examines about mut'ah marriage law and its argumentations, both from the Sunnah and Shi'a groups. This study is limited to the following problem formulations: (1) How is the law of marriage mut'ah according to the Sunnah group and its argumentations? (2) What is the law of mut'ah marriage according to the Shi'ites and their argumentation? (3) What are the similarities and differences in the manhaj used between the Sunnah and Shiite groups related to the mut'ah marriage law? And (4) And (4) How strong are the sources of law and manhaj that are used to determine mut'ah marriage law? This research is a library research (library research) with ushuliyah approach as the approach chosen to understand and conclude this problem. The results of this study can be concluded that according to the Sunnah schools of thought, mut'ah marriage is haram forever, while according to the Shi'ite schools of mut'ah is lawful for eternity. This difference is not only due to the difference in the use of an exploitative argument, it is also caused by differences in manhaj in punishing mut'ah marriages. The similarity is that the two groups use the Qur'anic proposition, but differ in interpretation. Both groups also use the Hadith argument, but it is exploitative. The Sunnah group in their ijtihad uses the nasakh-mansukh, qiyas and istislahi methods, while the Shi'a group uses the tarjih, ijma 'sahabah, istishab and istislahi methods. According to the author, the arguments and arguments of the two groups together do not reach a convincing degree (qath'i). So the authors suggest that what should be used to forbid or justify mut'ah is the argument of limitation and maslahah.
KEDUDUKAN WALI SEBAGAI SYARAT SAHNYA PERKAWINAN DALAM HUKUM ISLAM: Perspefktif Historis dan Ushul Fiqh Chamim Tohari
Al-Maslahah : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 17, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah (Syari'ah Faculty )

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24260/al-maslahah.v17i1.1894

Abstract

Isu tentang hak dan kedudukan wali nikah dalam hukum Islam merupakan salah satu objek perdebatan dalam sejarah perkembangan hukum Islam. Para ulama mazhab, bahkan hingga saat ini belum mencapai kesepakatan tentang hukum pernikahan yang dilakukan tanpa adanya wali.. Perbedaan tersebut bertolak dari pemahaman para ulama mazhab terkait dengan dasar hukum hadis yang digunakan sebagai sumber dalam menggali hukum. Kajian ini dibatasi pada dua permasalahan berikut: (1) Bagaimana hak dan kedudukan wali nikah menurut pandangan mazhab empat (Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi’i, dan Hanbali)?; (2) Bagaimana hak dan kedudukan wali nikah tersebut apabila ditinjau dari konteks kekinian? Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka (library research), sedangkan model analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis perbandingan (comparative analysis) dimana dalam hal ini penulis berusaha memperbandingkan konsep hukum wali nikah menurut pada ulama mazhab dengan konteks sosial yang berkembang saat ini. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mayoritas ulama mazhab sepakat bahwa pernikahan tidak sah jika dilakukan tanpa wali. Namun demikian tidak ada keterangan yang tegas mengenai hak dan kedudukan wali dalam pernikahan dalam arti apakah seorang wali cukup hadir dalam pernikahan anak perempuannya, ataukah seorang wali mempunyai hak untuk mengizinkan atau membatalkan suatu pernikahan yang akan dilaksanakan. Berbeda dengan jumhur ulama, mazhab Hanafi berpendapat bahwa pernikahan dianggap sah meskipun tanpa adanya wali nikah. (2) Terkait dengan apakah hukum wajibnya wali dalam pernikahan bersama hak ijbar yang melekat padanya masih relevan dengan situasi kekinian? Penulis dalam hal ini berpendapat bahwa 'illat hukum dari wajibnya kehadiran dan izin wali dalam pernikahan adalah untuk memelihara kemaslahatan anak gadis yang hendak menikah dan melindunginya dari kemudharatan akibat pernikahan tersebut (disebabkan karena anak gadis yang hendak menikah belum dewasa atau tidak memiliki pengalaman yang memadai dalam memilih pasangan hidup), maka kehadiran wali adalah wajib selama 'illat hukum tersebut masih ada dalam suatu pernikahan. Sebaliknya, ketika 'illat hukum yang dimaksud sudah tidak ditemukan dalam suatu akad pernikahan, misalnya bagi pernikahan seorang perempuan yang telah dewasa, terdidik, dan mampu memilih yang baik dan buruk bagi hidupnya, maka dalam konteks ini kewajiban menghadirkan wali dan meminta persetujuannya tersebut tidak diperlukan lagi.
The Difference Opinions Analysis on Conventional Bank Interest Law According to Ushul Fiqh Chamim Tohari
Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir'ah Vol 17, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : IAIN Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (526.805 KB) | DOI: 10.30984/jis.v17i1.795

Abstract

This research discussed conventional bank interest law according to the opinion of the Muslim scholars, which then will continue the discussion with the legal analysis based on the ushul fiqh theory to determine the strength of the conventional bank interest law. The most crucial problem examined in this research is how is prevailing bank interest law viewed from the perspective of usual fiqh? This research is library research. The approach used in this study is a conceptual approach considering the purpose to be achieved in this study is to produce one concept of Islamic legal thinking about bank interest law which is not bounded by existing views or opinions, but actually refers to the rules of Islamic law which is agreed upon by the majority of the muslim scholars. The results of this study are: The scholars have a different opinion on bank interest law. Those who forbid argued that bank interest has in common with usury, so it must be banned. As for those who justify bank interest explained that bank interest is not the same as usury, so its law is halal. As for those who consider it as a shubhat thing, because in their view the bank's interest besides having similarities with usury, also has a number of differences, so its law is shubhat. The bank interest law when viewed from the perspective of ushul fiqh, then both those that forbid, which justify, or those that consider syubhat, all of which do not originate from the qath'î, but zhannî propositions because they come from the results of ijtihad using the qiyâs method. Because of the absence of the qath 'argument, the author argues that the new direction to determine the halal-haram law of banking transactions with the interest system should be assessed from the large or small level of benefit (maslahah) and harm (mudharat) arising from the sale.