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DINAMIKA MUSLIM MORO DI FILIPINA SELATAN DAN GERAKAN SPARATIS ABU SAYYAF A Gafur
Sosial Budaya Vol 13, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Lembaga penelitian dan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/sb.v13i2.3539

Abstract

Muslim Moro di Filipina Selatan  mendiami wilayah dalam cakupan 13 Propinsi meliputi Mindanao, Sulu, Basilan, Palawan, Balabac, Tawi-Tawi, Cotabato, Cotabato Utara; Lanao Selatan dan Lanao del Norte  dan Sultan Kudarat. Wilayah selatan Filipina ini sejak abad ke 15 M berada dibawa kekuasaan Sultan Sulu dan Mindanao. Pada abad 16 M Kolonial Spanyol menjajah Filipina baik di Utara dan Selatan hingga tahun 1898, karena ada persaingan antar koloni maka perebutan kekuasaan antara Spanyal dan Amerika tak terhindarkan, dan Amerika  menang ditandai dengan dibuatnya Traktat Paris. Sejak Filipina merdeka tahun 1946,  nasib muslum Moro di Selatan Filipina belum juga berubah, karena kuatnya tekanan pemerintah Filipina  terhadap  minoritas Muslim dengan tetap melanjutkan  kebijakan yang dibuat  pemerintah kolonial Amerika.  Maka tahun 1968 muncul pergerakan muslim yang  terorganisir  Muslim Independent Movement (MIM); lalu muncul pula  Moro Libration Front (MLF)  tahun 1971; pergerakan MLF berganti nama Moro national Libration Front (MNLF) pimpinan DR. Nur Misuari ;  dri MNLF sebagian memisahkan diri membentuk Moro Islamic Libration Front (MILF) dipimpin oleh Hasyim Selamat; terakhir tahun 1993 dari MILF muncul pergerakan Abu Sayyaf pimpinan Abdurrazak Janjalani.  Munculnya beragam bentuk pegerakan muslim disebabkan terdapat pebedaan ideologi perjuangan. 
PERSPEKTIF HISORIS ARKEOLOGIS TENTANG KERAGAMAN BENTUK BENTUK MASJID TUA DI NUSANTARA A Gafur
Sosial Budaya Vol 12, No 1 (2015): Januari - Juni 2015
Publisher : Lembaga penelitian dan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/sb.v12i1.1932

Abstract

In the early history of Islam, the mosque which literally means place of prostration did not refer to a building with a roof or boundary. Most important is the place of prostration. But in subsequent developments, the mosque became more specific sense, namely a building even the environment walled and used as a place of prayers. Mosque as a building is a realization and physical aspects of Islamic culture. The Prophet never provide normative guidelines on how the shape of the mosque building. Therefore, it is natural, there are various forms of structure and ornament mosque were found in various parts of the Islamic world, including in the Nusantara. The shape and structure of the ornament is dependent on the culture that existed before. It is also easily found all over the archipelago, the shape and ornamentation are influenced by elements of the pre-Islamic, but also influenced by foreign cultures such as China, the Middle East and Europe.
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