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All Journal Jurnal Mudarrisuna: Media Kajian Pendidikan Agama Islam El-Mashlahah
Darul Faizin
UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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MEMAHAMI KONSEP MAṢLAHAH IMAM AL-GAZALI DALAM PELAJARAN USUL FIKIH Darul Faizin
Jurnal MUDARRISUNA: Media Kajian Pendidikan Agama Islam Vol 9, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/jm.v9i2.5303

Abstract

Maṣlahah is an expression of taking advantage and rejecting harm, but that is not what is meant by al-Gazali; according to him, taking benefits and rejecting harm is human’s purpose, and humans good will be realized by achieving his goals. But what is meant by maṣlahah is maintaining the purpose of the Shari’a (al-muhāfaẓah ‘ala maqsūdi asy-syarī’ah). When dealing with texts (naṣ) maṣlahah is divided into three; there is a problem that is confirmed by the text (maṣlahah mu’tabarah), there is a problem that is canceled by the text (maṣlahah mulgah), and there is a problem that is unconfirmed and not canceled by the text (maṣlahah mursalah). Maṣlahah mursalah, when seen from the needs, are divided into three levels; first, the primary level (ḍarūriyāt) in the form of guarding religion (hifẓu ad-din), soul (hifẓu an-nafs), reason (hifẓu al-‘aql), descent (hifẓu an-nasl), and property (hifẓu al-māl) ), the second secondary level (hajiyāt) and the third tertiary level (tahsīniyāt). Maṣlahah mursalah can be used as a proposition for istimbāṭ by considering three characteristics, namely, maṣlahah is primary (ḍarūriyāt), certain (qath'iyyāt), and general (kulliyāt). According to al-Gazali, the purpose of the Shari’a (maqāsid asy-syarī’ah) can be known through the Qur’an, Sunnah, and consensus (ijma’). Then every maṣlahah that does not function to maintain the objectives of the Shari’a which is understood from the Qur’an, Sunnah, and the consensus (ijma') is a strange maṣlahah (gharībah), that is, a maṣlahah that is not in line with the Shari’a action, then the maṣlahah cannot be made into the proposition of legal discovery (istimbāṭ).
Konstribusi Muhammad Aṭ-Ṭāhir Ibnu ‘Āsyūr terhadap Maqāṣid Asy-Syarī’ah Darul Faizin
El-Mashlahah Vol 11, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI PALANGKA RAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23971/elma.v11i1.2067

Abstract

This paper discusses the concept of Ibn ‘Āsyūr's maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah in his renewal of the previous maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah. Based on the results of the author's study, there are some important things that became the idea of renewing Ibn ‘Āsyūr; first: the idea of liberating (istiqlāl) maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah from the discipline of the Uṣūl Fiqh to become a discipline that stands alone. Second: three sources in establishing the maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah, namely; istiqrā', the Qur'an which has clear legal reasons, and the Sunnah mutawātir. Third: maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah has three levels (martabah), namely; definite (qaṭ’iy), approaching definite (qarīban min al-Qaṭ’iy), and conjecture (ẓanniy). Fourth: maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah is divided into two kinds; maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah and maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-khaṣṣah. In the maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah there are four basic foundations of the Shari'a; fitrah (al-fitrah), moderate (as-samāḥah), egalitarian (al-musāwāh) and freedom (al-hurriyah). Whereas maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-khaṣṣah works to implement maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah in certain laws.Keywords: Ibnu ‘Āsyūr, maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah and uṣul fiqh.Tulisan ini membahas gagasan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah Ibnu ‘Āsyūr dalam pembaharuannya terhadap maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah sebelumnya. Berdasarkan hasil telaah penulis, ada beberapa hal penting yang menjadi gagasan pembaharuan  Ibnu ‘Āsyūr; pertama: gagasan membebaskan (istiqlāl) maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah dari disiplin ilmu usul fikih menjadi suatu disiplin ilmu yang berdiri sendiri. Kedua: tiga sumber dalam menetapkan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah, yaitu; istiqrā’, al-Qur’an yang memiliki kejelasan alasan hukum, dan sunnah mutawātir. Ketiga: maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah memiliki tiga tingkatan (martabah), yaitu; pasti (qaṭ’iy), mendekati pasti (qarīban min al-Qaṭ’iy), dan dugaan (ẓanniy). Keempat: maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah terbagi dua macam; maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah dan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-khaṣṣah. Dalam maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah terdapat empat pondasi dasar syariat; fitrah (al-fitrah), moderat (as-samāḥah), egaliter (al-musāwāh) dan kebebasan (al-hurriyah). Sedangkan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-khaṣṣah bekerja mengimplementasikan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah dalam hukum-hukum tertentu.Kata Kunci: Ibnu ‘Āsyūr, maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah dan uṣul fiqh.
Konstribusi Muhammad Aṭ-Ṭāhir Ibnu ‘Āsyūr terhadap Maqāṣid Asy-Syarī’ah Darul Faizin
El-Mashlahah Vol 11, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23971/elma.v11i1.2067

Abstract

This paper discusses the concept of Ibn ‘Āsyūr's maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah in his renewal of the previous maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah. Based on the results of the author's study, there are some important things that became the idea of renewing Ibn ‘Āsyūr; first: the idea of liberating (istiqlāl) maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah from the discipline of the Uṣūl Fiqh to become a discipline that stands alone. Second: three sources in establishing the maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah, namely; istiqrā', the Qur'an which has clear legal reasons, and the Sunnah mutawātir. Third: maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah has three levels (martabah), namely; definite (qaṭ’iy), approaching definite (qarīban min al-Qaṭ’iy), and conjecture (ẓanniy). Fourth: maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah is divided into two kinds; maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah and maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-khaṣṣah. In the maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah there are four basic foundations of the Shari'a; fitrah (al-fitrah), moderate (as-samāḥah), egalitarian (al-musāwāh) and freedom (al-hurriyah). Whereas maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-khaṣṣah works to implement maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah in certain laws.
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