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Ivan S. Pradipta
Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Hubungan Persepsi terhadap Perilaku Swamedikasi Antibiotik: Studi Observasional melalui Pendekatan Teori Health Belief Model Annisa N. Insany; Dika P. Destiani; Anwar Sani; Ivan S. Pradipta; Lilik Sabdaningtyas
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 4, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (6879.36 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2015.4.2.77

Abstract

Tingginya perilaku swamedikasi antibiotik dapat meningkatkan peluang penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional sehingga berdampak pada peningkatan resistensi antibiotik. Perubahan perilaku swamedikasi antibiotik diperlukan untuk menurunkan penggunaan antibiotik yang irasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan persepsi masyarakat terhadap praktik swamedikasi antibiotik yang bermanfaat untuk mengembangkan model intervensi dalam rangka menurunkan praktik swamedikasi antibiotik (SMA). Studi observasional analitik dilakukan pada bulan November–Desember 2014 kepada masyarakat yang berkunjung ke fasilitas kesehatan primer di Kota Bandung. Wawancara terstruktur dengan menggunakan kuesioner tervalidasi dilakukan untuk melihat variabel perilaku swamedikasi serta variabel persepsi ancaman, keuntungan, hambatan, dan kemamampuan bertindak berdasarkan teori perubahan perilaku health belief model (HBM). Wawancara dilakukan terhadap 506 responden dewasa yang diambil secara acak di 43 puskesmas dan 8 apotek. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan regresi logistik (CI 95%, α=5%).Validitas kuesioner dinyatakan dengan koefisien korelasi >0,3 dan nilai reabilitas alpha-cronbach sebesar 0,719. Terdapat 29,45% responden yang melakukan swamedikasi antibiotik selama 6 bulan terakhir. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara variabel HBM (persepsi ancaman, keuntungan, hambatan, dan kemampuan bertindak) dengan perilaku swamedikasi antibiotik (p>0,05). Persepsi ancaman, keuntungan, hambatan, dan kemauan bertindak berdasarkan teori HBM menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah terhadap perilaku swamedikasi antibiotik. Mudahnya akses dalam membeli antibiotik secara bebas diduga menjadi faktor dalam perilaku SMA sehingga regulasi yang ketat diperlukan sebagai dasar intervensi dalam menurunkan perilaku SMA.Kata kunci: Antibiotik, health belief model, swamedikasiAssociation between Perceived Value and Self-Medication with Antibiotics: An Observational Study Based on Health Belief Model TheoryHigh prevalence of self medication with antibiotics can increase the probability of irrational use of antibiotics which may lead antibiotics resistance. Thus, shifting of behavior is required to minimize the irrational use of antibiotics. This study was aimed to determine the association between public perceivedvalue and self-medication with antibiotics which can be used to develop an intervention model in order to reduce the practice of self-medication with antibiotics. An observational study was conducted during the period of November–December 2014.The subjects were patients who visit primary health care facilities in Bandung. A structured-interview that has been validated was used to investigate the association between perceived value and self-medication behavior based on the Health Belief Model theory (perceived susceptibility, benefits, barrier, and cues to action). Approximately 506 respondents were drawn randomly from 43 community healthcare centers and 8 pharmacies. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and logistic regression (CI 95%, α = 5%). Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were shown with a correlation coefficient of >0.3 and a cronbach-alpha value of 0.719, respectively. We found that 29.45% of respondents practiced self-medication with antibiotics over the last six months. Additionally, there was no significant association between the perceived susceptibility, benefits, barrier, and cues to action with self-medication behavior (p>0.05). Easiness to access antibiotics without prescription was presumed as a factor that contribute to self-medication with antibiotics, therefore strict regulation in antibiotics use is very needed as a basic intervention to decrease self-medication with antibiotic.Key words: Antibiotics, health belief model, self-medication
Kultur Kuman dari Berbagai Pasien Sepsis Dewasa Ivan S. Pradipta
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan informasi sumber infeksi sepsis dan hasil kultur mikroba dari berbagai spesimen pasien sepsis yang bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan ketepatan terapi antibiotik. Studi observasional prospektif dilakukan di bangsal rawat inap penyakit dalam, sebuah rumah sakit negeri di Yogyakarta, pada bulan September–November 2008. Populasi penelitian adalah pasien yang terdiagnosis sepsis yang dirawat inap pada periode dan tempat penelitian berlangsung, dengan kriteria pasien dewasa umur 15–60 tahun dan terdiagnosis sepsis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 42 pasien terdiagnosis sepsis, 26 pasien masuk ke dalam kriteria subjek penelitian. Perlakuan kultur bakteri dilakukan pada 22 subjek penelitian dan empat subjek penelitian tidak dilakukan. Jumlah perlakuan kultur sebanyak 46 perlakuan kultur dari berbagai spesimen, yaitu darah (27), pus (5), urin (4), sputum (3), cairan pleura (1), swab tenggorokan (1), swab ulkus (1) dan 4 perlakuan tidak dapat ditelusuri hasilnya. Hasil kultur menunjukkan 16 (34,8%) perlakukan kultur teridentifikasi mikroba dan 30 (66,2%) hasil kultur menunjukkan tidak teridentifikasi mikroba. Mikroba yang terdeteksi yaitu Staphylococcus coagulase negative, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus alfa. Staphylococcus coagulase negative merupakan organisme yang paling banyak terdeteksi pada spesimen pasien sepsis.Kata kunci: Sepsis, kultur bakteri, patogen sepsis, bakteremia Microbial Culture from Various Specimens of Adult Sepsis PatientsThis study aimed to provide information about pattern of microbial culture from the isolate adult sepsis patients that beneficial in identifying pathogen and antibiotics selection in septic patients. Observational prospective study from September–November 2008 was carried out in ward of internal mediciene at an Public Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The population study were adult sepsis patients that hospitalized in research period. The criteria of subject population were sepsis adults patients aged 15–60 years that hospitalizad in research period. As many as 42 patients that found as septic patient, there were twenty six patients included as a subject population. As many as 22 patients get the microbial culture treatment wtih 46 episode microbial culture from the various specimens, i.e blood (27), pus (5), urine (4), sputum (3), pleura fluid (1), throat swab (1), ulcus swab (1) and not identified (4). Culture test showed that 16 (34,8%) culture test was positive results and 30 (66,2%) was negative results. There were Staphylococcus coagulase negative, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus alfa. Staphylococcus coagulase negative organism that detected in culture test from various specimens. Staphylococcus coagulase negative is the common organism which detected from the specimens of sepsis patients.Key words: Sepsis, microbial culture, sepsis pathogen, bacteremia
Identifikasi Pola Penggunaan Antibiotik sebagai Upaya Pengendalian Resistensi Antibiotik Ivan S. Pradipta; Ellin Febrina; Muhammad H. Ridwan; Rani Ratnawati
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan jumlah dan pola penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien rawat inap di salah satu rumah sakit swasta di Bandung. Data penggunaan antibiotik diperoleh dari instalasi farmasi pada Februari–September 2011. Data diolah dengan metode ATC/DDD dan DU90%. Terdapat 390,98 DDD/100 hari rawat dan 381,34 DDD/100 hari rawat pada total penggunaan antibiotik tahun 2009 dan 2010. Sebanyak 39 jenis antibiotik dikonsumsi pada tahun 2009 dan terdapat 11 jenis antibiotik yang masuk segmen 90% penggunaan (seftriakson, amoksisilin, sefotaksim,  iprofloksasin, levofloksasin, metronidazol, sefiksim, doksisiklin, tiamfenikol, sefodoksim, sefaleksin). Tahun 2010 terdapat 44 jenis antibiotik yang dikonsumsi, 18 jenis antibiotik yang masuk segmen 90% penggunaan (seftriakson, siprofloksasin, amoksisilin, sefiksim, levofloksasin, sefadroksil, sefotaksim, metronidazol, tiamfenikol,doksisiklin, klindamisin, kloramfenikol, amikasin, sulbaktam, gentamisin, streptomisin, sefoperazon, kanamisin). Terdapat penurunan penggunaan antibiotik yang diikuti penurunan jumlah hari rawat pada tahun 2009–2010, tetapi jenis dan jumlah antibiotik yang masuk ke dalam segmen 90% penggunaan meningkat.Kata kunci: Penggunaan antibiotik, ATC/DDD, DU90%, resistensi antibiotikIdentification of Antibiotic Use Pattern as an Effort to ControlAntibiotic ResistanceAbstractThe objective of this study is to determine quantity and pattern of antibiotic use in hospitalized patients at one of Bandung’s private hospital that can give benefit in control of antibiotic resistance andprocurement planning of antibiotic. Data of antibiotic consumption were obtained from hospital pharmacy department on February–September 2011. Data were processed using the ATC/DDD and DU90% method. There were 390,98 DDD/100 bed days and 381,34 DDD/100 bed days total of an-tbiotic use in 2009 and 2010. Thirty nine antibiotic were consumed in 2009 within 11 kind of antibiotics in DU90% segment (ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, metronidazole, cefixime, doxycycline, thiamphenicol, cefodoxime, cefalexin) and 44 antibiotic were consumed in 2010 within 18 kind of antibiotics in DU90% segment (ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, cefixime, levofloxacin, cefadroxil, cefotaxime, metronidazole, thiamphenicol, doxycycline, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, amikacin, sulbactam, gentamycin, streptomycin, cefoperazone, canamycin). There were decline of antibioticuse that followed decline number of bed days/year in 2009–2010, but in both antibiotic kind and quantity of DU90% antibiotic group were increased.Key words: Antibiotic utilization, ATC/DDD, DU90%, antibiotic resistance
Co-Authors Annisa N. Insany Anwar Sani Dika P. Destiani Ellin Febrina Lilik Sabdaningtyas Muhammad H. Ridwan Rani Ratnawati