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Analisis Potensi Lorong Pengatus Dangkal untuk Percepatan Jadwal Tanam Palawija di Tanah Sawah Siti Suharyatun; Bambang Purwantana; Abdul Rozaq; Muhjidin Mawardi
agriTECH Vol 35, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Installing shallow mole drainage in paddy soil can increase the rate of lowering soil moisture into such a condition which is suitable for the early growth of non-rice crops. This study aimed to analyze the shallow mole drainage installation potential to plant crops early in paddy soil. The study was conducted in a laboratory scale using a soil bin, a model of mole plow, and soil kept homogeneous in boxes. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory for Energy and Agricultural Machinery, Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Technology Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Mole drainage was installed in 2 paddy soils, with different clay content, namely; 41.17% (soil B) and 53.36% (soil C). Soil moisture content was measured periodically by using gypsum blocks. The analysis showed that the mole drainage installed in soil B was able to speed up the time taken to reach field capacity. At the distance horizontally to the center of mole drainage (x) = 6.5 cm with the depth (z) =5 cm took 72 hours faster than the control. At z =10 needed 92 hours, at z = 15 cm needed 154 hours faster than the control. At the distance horizontally to the center of mole drainage (x) = 11.5 with z = 5 cm took 52 hours, with z = 10 cm took 161 hours, with z = 15 cm took 150 hours faster than the control. The installation of mole drainage in soil C was also able to speed up the time required to reach field capacity. At the distance horizontally to the center of mole drainage (x) = 6.5 cm with the depth (z) = 5 cm took 165 hours, with z = 10 cm took 184 hours, with z = 15 cm took 200 hours faster than the control. At x = 11.5 with z = 5 cm took 144 hours, with z = 10 cm took 154 hours, with z = 15 cm took 192 hours faster than the control. The lesser time required to reach field capacity indicated that mole drainage installed in soil B and C was potential to plant crops early in paddy soil.ABSTRAKLorong pengatus dangkal di lahan sawah berfungsi meningkatkan laju penurunan lengas tanah di lapisan olah, sehingga kondisi tanah yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan awal tanaman palawija dapat segera tercapai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi pembentukan lorong pengatus terhadap peluang percepatan jadwal tanam palawija di tanah sawah. Penelitian dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan soil bin, model bajak lorong, dan tanah di dalam boks yang dijaga homogenitasnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Energi dan Mesin Pertanian, Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Lorong pengatus dibuat pada 2 jenis tanah sawah bertekstur lempung, dengan kadar lempung yang berbeda, yaitu 41,17% (tanah B) dan 53,36% (tanah C). Pengukuran kadar lengas tanah dilakukan secara periodik menggunakan gypsum blok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan lorong pengatus pada tanah B dapat mempercepat waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai kapasitas lapang. Pada jarak horisontal dari pusat lorong (x)=6,5 cm dengan kedalaman (z)=5cm, membutuhkan waktu 72 jam lebih cepat dibanding kontrol, pada z=10 cm membutuhkan 192 jam, pada z=15 cm membutuhkan154 jam lebih cepat dibanding kontrol. Pada x=11,5 membutuhkan waktu 52 jam (z=5cm), 161 jam (z=10 cm), 150 jam (z=15 cm) lebih cepat dibanding kontrol. Pembentukan lorong pengatus pada tanah C juga dapat mempercepat waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai kapasitas lapang. Pada x=6,5 cm, membutuhkan waktu 165 jam (z=5cm), 184 jam (z=10 cm), 200 jam (z=15 cm) lebih cepat dibanding kontrol. Pada x=11,5 membutuhkan waktu 144 jam (z=5cm), 156 jam (z=10 cm), 192 jam (z=15 cm) lebih cepat dibanding kontrol. Menurunnya waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai kapasitas lapang menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan lorong pengatus di tanah B dan C berpotensi untuk mempercepat jadwal tanam palawija.

The Clay Content Effect on The Formation of Shallow Mole Drainage and The Rate of Lowering Soil Moisture Content Siti Suharyatun; Bambang Purwantana; Abdul Rozaq; Muhjidin Mawardi
agriTECH Vol 34, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Installing shallow mole drainage in the soil is inﬂ uenced by various factors, namely; the physical properties of soil and tools which are used. One of the physical properties of soil that inﬂ uences the formation of the mole drainage is the clay content of soil. This study aimed to explore the condition of the mole drainage formed in paddy soil with different clay contents. The study was conducted in a laboratory scale using a soil bin, a model of mole plough, and soil which was kept homogeneous in the boxes. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory for Energy and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Mole drainage was installed in 3 paddy soils with different clay content, namely; 13.12% (soil A; loam soil), 41.17% (soil B; clay soil) and 53.36% (soil C; clay soil). The study was conducted by analyzing the geometry of the mole drainage and observing the soil deformation which occurred due to the formation of the mole drainage. The study showed that perfect mole drainages were installed in all of those three types of soil. The mole drainages were quite good and stable with little cracks. Based on the soil crack and ﬁ ssuring of soil, the largest soil deformation has occurred in soil with the highest clay content and the smallest one in soil with the lowest clay content. The characteristics of those three installed mole drainages were almost the same, but they had different effect on the rate of lowering soil moisture content. Here, the mole drainage installed in loam soil is different from which of installed in clay soil. The mole drainage installed in the loam soil did not inﬂ uence the rate of lowering soil moisture content. Contrary, the mole drainage installed in clay soil has effected to increase the rate of lowering soil moisture content.

Sebaran Lengas Tanah Akibat Pembuatan Lorong Pengatus Dangkal pada Tanah Sawah Siti Suharyatun; Bambang Purwantana; Abdul Rozaq; Muhjidin Mawardi
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Mole drainage is an alternative which can be used to increase the rate of soil moisture decrease in paddy soil at the end of the rainy season. By using mole drainage, the rate of soil moisture decrease goes up to a certain condition (from saturated to field capacity) which is suitable for early growth of crops. This study aimed at describing changes and distribution of soil moisture in paddy soil in which shallow mole drainage had been formed. Those changes and distribution were used to predict the rate of soil moisture decrease in paddy soil after mole drainage was formed. The study was conducted in the laboratory using a soil bin, a model of mole plough, and soils that was kept homogeneous in the boxes. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Energy and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Department, Gadjah Mada University. The mole drainage was installed in three paddy soils with different clay content, namely 13.12% (A), 41.17% (B) and 53.36% (C). Soil moisture content was measured periodically by using gypsum blocks. The results showed that the three types of soils in which shallow mole drainage was formed had different characteristics of soil moisture changes. The formation of mole drainage in soil with low clay content (A) had no effect for the declining rate of soil moisture. On the contrary, the shallow mole drainage formed in the soil with higher contents of clay B and C influenced the rate of soil moisture decrease. High rate of soil moisture decrease in the soil B and C occurred at the beginning of the formation of mole drainage and went on up to the 3th hours of observation. Based on the distribution of soil moisture at different points at some distances from the center of mole drainage and the equation of the rate of soil moisture decrease found in the experiment, it could be inferred that moles formed in soils B and C could be used as mole drainage and the rate of soil moisture decrease in soil C was cumulatively higher than in soil B.ABSTRAKLorong pengatus merupakan salah satu alternatif guna mengatasi lamanya masa tunggu tanam palawija di lahan sawah pada akhir musim penghujan akibat kadar lengas tanah yang terlalu tinggi. Lorong pengatus dibuat untuk mempercepat laju penurunan kadar lengas sehingga sesuai untuk pertumbuhan awal tanaman palawija. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perubahan dan sebaran lengas tanah yang terjadi akibat pembentukan lorong pengatus dangkal, untuk digunakan sebagai salah satu dasar memperhitungkan laju penurunan kadar lengas yang terjadi pada tanah sawah yang dibuat lorong pengatus. Penelitian dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan soil bin, model bajak lorong, dan tanah di dalam boks yang dijaga homogenitasnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Energi dan Mesin Pertanian, Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, FTP-UGM. Lorong pengatus dibuat pada 3 jenis tanah sawah dengan kadar lempung yang berbeda, yaitu 13,12% (tanah A), 41,17% (tanah B) dan 53,36% (tanah C). Pengukuran kadar lengas tanah dilakukan secara periodik menggunakan gypsum blok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga jenis tanah yang dibuat lorong pengatus mempunyai karakteristik perubahan lengas tanah yang berbeda, Pembentukan lorong pengatus pada tanah dengan kadar lempung rendah (tanah A) tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap laju penurunan lengas tanah, tetapi pada tanah dengan kadar lempung tinggi (tanah B dan C) berpengaruh terhadap laju penurunan lengas tanah. Laju penurunan lengas tanah kumulatif yang tinggi terjadi pada awal pembentukan lorong sampai 30 jam pasca pembentukan lorong. Dari distribusi lengas tanah pada jarak yang berbeda dari pusat lorong dan dari persamaan laju penurunan lengas hasil eksperimen, lorong yang dibuat pada tanah B dan C dapat berfungsi sebagai lorong pengatus. Peningkatan laju penurunan lengas tanah kumulatif tanah C lebih besar dibanding tanah B.

Analisis Kinerja Mesin Pengupas Lada (Piper Nigrum L.) Tipe Silinder Putaran Vertikal Suhendra Suhendra; Abdul Rozaq; Bambang Purwantana
agriTECH Vol 31, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

White pepper is produced by decorticating the pericarp of the pepper which commonly be done manually or mechani cally. A pepper decorticator without soaking process was developed in order to improve quality and capasity of decor tication. The decortication mechanism was designed by shearing the pepper on a gap between a static vertical cylinder and a vertical axis rotating tube. This research was done to analyze the decortication and working performances of the machine. Dimension analysis approach was applied in order to develope a mathematical relation to be used for prediction of the machine performance based on their design and operational variables. The machine variables varied were linear speed of tube (v), width of clearance (s), and length of rotated cylinder (L). The material variables were diameter of pepper (D ), decortication force (F ), and density of pepper (ρ ). From the analysis result, there were debkbfined mathematical equations for prediction of decorticated pepper (p ), damaged pepper (p ) and working capacity ofkrthe machine (K ). Validation analysis shows that the equations could be used for prediction and determination of themachine performances needed.ABSTRAKLada putih dihasilkan melalui proses pengupasan kulit lada yang dilakukan secara manual atau mekanis. Untuk meng atasi masalah rendahnya kapasitas dan kualitas pengupasan telah dikembangkan rancangbangun mesin pengupas kulit lada dengan sistem gesekan pada silinder dengan putaran poros secara vertikal tanpa melalui proses perendaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kinerja pengupasan, kerusakan dan kapasitas kerja mesin. Pendekatan analisis dimensi diterapkan untuk mendapatkan persamaan matematis yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi dan merencanakan kinerja mesin berdasarkan variabel rancangbangun dan operasionalnya. Variabel bebas mesin yang di variasikan meliputi kecepatan linier silinder (v), lebar celah (s) dan panjang silinder pengupas (L). Variabel bahan yang dipertimbangkan meliputi diameter bahan (D ), gaya pengupasan (F ), dan massa jenis bahan (ρ ). Dari hasil analisis tebkblah diperoleh persamaan prediksi kinerja mesin yaitu persentase pengupasan (p ), persentase kerusakan (p ) dan kapasikrtas kerja mesin (K ). Analisis kesesuaian menunjukkan bahwa pada batas keberlakuannya persamaanpersamaan yangdiperoleh dapat diterima dan dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi dan merencanakan kinerja mesin yang diinginkan.

Aspek Mekanika Tanah dalam Interaksi Mesin-Tanah Abdul Rozaq
agriTECH Vol 9, No 3 (1989)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Aspek Mekanika Tanah dalam Interaksi Mesin-Tanah (Part II) Abdul Rozaq
agriTECH Vol 9, No 4 (1989)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Aspek Mekanika Tanah dalam Interaksi Mesin-Tanah Part III (terakhir) Abdul Rozaq
agriTECH Vol 10, No 1 (1990)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Identifikasi Bentuk Hubungan Tahanan Penetrasi dan Berat Volume Kering Pada Tanah Pasiran Abdul Rozaq
agriTECH Vol 12, No 1 (1992)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Pemakaian Mesin Penyerap Daya Roda Untuk Uji Kinerja Traktor di Dalam Ruangan Abdul Rozaq
agriTECH Vol 13, No 3 (1993)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Pengujian kinerja penarikan traktor yang biasa dilakukan di at as jalan beraspal mengandung beberapa kelemahan. Kondisi pengujian sangat berlainan dengan kondisi kerja traktor sesungguhnya di lapangan. Pengujian tidak mungkin dilakukan dalam interval slip roda yang besar, karena pertimbangan stabilitas traktor, dan hasil yang diperoleh sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis ban yang digunakan dan kondisi permukaan jalan yang dilalui. Hasil pengujian kinerja penarikan di satu tempatâ€¢dan tempat lainnya dengan metoda tersebut dapat bervariasi sampai 20 persen. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan ini, diperlukan metoda alternatif pengukuran kinerja yang dapat membebaskan pengaruh ban dan kondisi perrnukaan jalan, dengan cara mengukur Iangsung daya poros roda melalui sistem elektro-hidrolik. Dengan cam ini pengujian kinerja traktor dapal dilakukan di dalam ruangan yang terlindung dari perubahan cuaca dan apabila diperlukan, kondisi atmosfir ruangan dapat dikontrol sesuai dengan yang dikehendaki.

Aksi Roda dan Efek Pemadatannya Pada Tanah Abdul Rozaq; L'heureux L'heureux
agriTECH Vol 11, No 3 (1991)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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