Ganis Lukmandaru
Bagian Teknologi Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta

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Komponen Kimia Kayu Jati dengan Pertumbuhan Eksentris Ganis Lukmandaru
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 5, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (10926.045 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jik.579

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas kayu cacat. Spesimen penelitian berupa 10 pohon miring yang diperoleh dari kegiatan penjarangan dari tegakan jati (Tectona grandis L.f.) di Randublatung, Jawa Tengah. Pada setiap pohon, kayu di bagian eksentrisnya dipisahkan \, kemudian sampel serbuk kayu diambil pada bagian teras terluar pada kedua lebar lingkaran tahun maksimum (bagian atas pohon miring) dan pada arah yang berlawanan, yaitu yang mempunyai lebar lingkaran tahun minimum (bagian bawah pohon miring). Serbuk kayu dihaluskan sampai mencapai 40-60 mesh untuk analisis kimia. Analisis data melalui uji t pohon pada kadar ekstraktif etanol-benzena (4-12%), kadar terlarut air panas (1-3%), kadar abu (0,7-3%) dan kadar lignin terlarut asam (0,7-1,4%). Pengukuran menggunakan GC dan GC-MS, menunjukkan tidak ada beda yang mencolok pada jumlah komponen utama ekstraktif etanol-benzena. Sebaliknya, kayu dengan lingkaran tahun paling lebar secara konsisten memiliki kadar lignin Klason lebih tinggi (32-35%) dibandingkan kayu dengan lingkaran tahun sempit (29-33%). Hasil-hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa eksentris lebih berkaitan dengan komponen dinding sel kayu daripada zat-zat metabolism sekunder. Selanjutnya, tidak terlihat juga adanya indikasi terhadap pembentukan kayu tarik.Kata kunci: Tectona Grandis, kayu eksentris, pohon miring, sifat kimia, riap tumbuh. Chemical Components of Teak Wood with Eccentric Growth AbstractThe objective of this study is to learn the quality of abnormal woods. The specimens were 10 leaning trees obtained from thinned teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) stand in Randublatung, Central Java. In each tree, the eccentric growth parts were isolated, then wood meal sample was drilled at the outer heartwood part of both maximum annual-ring width (upper part of leaning stem) and in its opposite side, which had minimum annual-ring width (lower part of leaning stem). The wood meals were ground to size of 40-60 mesh for chemical analysis. Data analysis by paired t-test showed that no significant difference was found between the upper and lower parts in ethanol-benzene extractive content (4-12%), hot-water soluble content (1-3%), ash content (0.73%) and acid soluble lignin content (0.7-1.4 %) . By means of Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), no striking difference was also observed in the levels of major components of ethanol-benzene extracts. On the other hand, in Klason lignin content, the wood with widest ring consistently showed a higher content (32-35 %) than that with narrowest ring (29-33 %). These findings indicated that the eccentricity is more related to cell wall components than to secondary metabolites. Further, there is no indication with regard to the formation of tension wood.
Pengawetan Kayu Gubal Jati Secara Rendaman Dingin dengan Pengawet Boron untuk Mencegah Serangan Rayap Kayu Kering (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light.) Afif Sumaryanto; Sutjipto Achmad Hadikusumo; Ganis Lukmandaru
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 7, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (766.12 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jik.7516

Abstract

Pada penggunaan kayu jati umur muda, umum diketahui bahwa bagian gubal banyak diserang oleh rayap kayu kering karena keawetan alaminya yang rendah. Asam borat dan boraks merupakan salah satu pengawet yang mengandung bahan aktif boron yang murah, mudah didapat, tidak berbau, dan tidak mengubah warna kayu. Bahan yang digunakan adalah bagian gubal papan jati yang diperoleh dari tebangan jati hutan rakyat di Kecamatan Kali Bawang, Kulon Progo. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang disusun secara faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu faktor jenis bahan pengawet yaitu asam borat dan boraks (konsentrasi 5 %) dan faktor lama perendaman (12, 24, 36, dan 48 jam). Rayap yang digunakan untuk pengujian keawetan contoh uji pada penelitian ini adalah rayap kayu kering (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light.) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kisaran hasil rerata nilai pada parameter absorbsi sebesar 33,09 – 70,77 kg/m3 , nilai retensi sebesar 3,81 – 10,77 kg/m3 , kedalaman penetrasi 2,34 – 3,86 mm, mortalitas rayap sebesar 46,33 – 53 % selama 2 minggu dan 82,67 – 94,33 % selama 4 minggu pengumpanan, pengurangan berat sampel sebesar 0,56 – 0,57 gram, serta derajat kerusakan sebesar 30,34 – 31,27 %. Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara faktor jenis bahan pengawet dan lama perendaman yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas rayap. Faktor jenis bahan pengawet berbeda sangat nyata terhadap absorbsi dan penetrasi. Faktor lama perendaman berbeda sangat nyata terhadap absorbsi, retensi, penetrasi. Pemberian bahan pengawet mampu mengurangi kehilangan berat sampai sekitar 70 % serta memberi persentase kematian rayap yang lebih tinggi (87-92 %) dibandingkan gubal tanpa perlakuan.Katakunci: Tectona grandis L.f., gubal, pengawetan kayu, boraks, rendaman dingin, Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light Preservation of Teak Sapwood by Cold Soaking Using Boron Against Drywood Termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light.) Attacks.AbstractThe utilization of younger teakwood has a disadvantage, which is the sapwood is more susceptible to dry wood termites as it has less natural durability. Boric acid and borax are inexpensive preservatives, which contain boron as the active material. Those preservatives are also easy to be obtained as well as do not produce smells and the wood discoloration. The experiment materials were the sapwood parts from teak boards obtained from the felled trees in the community forest of Kali Bawang, Kulon Progo. A complete randomized block design was arranged in a factorial with two factors, which were the type of preservatives (boric acid and borax in 5% concentration) and duration of cold soaking (12, 24, 36, and 48 hours). To examine the durability of sample, dry wood termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light) were used. The results showed that the average values of absorption, retention, and depth of penetration were 33.09 to 70.77 kg/m3, 3.81 to 10.77 kg/m3, and 2.34 to 3.86 mm, respectively. The average values of termite mortality during 2 weeks and 4 weeks were 46.33 to 53 %, 82.67 to 94.33 %. Weight reduction and degree of the damage were, 560 to 570 mg, and 30.34 to 31.27 %, respectively. By analysis of variance, there was an interaction between the type of preservatives and the duration of cold soaking factors, which affected significantly the termite mortality. Type of preservative affected significantly the absorption and penetration. Further, the duration of cold soaking affected significantly the level of absorption, retention and penetration. The application of preservatives could reduce the mass loss of specimens until 70 % as well as to give higher levels of mortality rate (87-92 %) compared to that of untreated one.