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Agung Sudaryono
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DIETARY PRACTICAL INGREDIENTS WITH EMPHASIS ON PROTEIN SOURCES FOR PENAEID SHRIMP Agung Sudaryono
JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT Vol 5, No 1 (2001): Volume 5, Number 1, Year 2001
Publisher : JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

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Abstract

Studies on the utilization of dietary practical ingredients, in particular protein sources, by penaeid shrimp juveniles were reviewed in this paper.  It has been proved by a number of researchers in shrimp nutrition that diets containing a mixture of two or more protein sources are better utilized by shrimp than those containing single protein sources.  In general, evaluation of the nutritive value of a feed ingredient for growth is based on both the quantity and the quality of the protein in the ingredient.  The amino acid composition and the relative proportions of other dietary nutrients are mostly relevant to the efficiency of protein assimilation by penaeids.  Based on the essential amino acid index (EAAI) used to screen some potential protein sources for penaeid shrimp, there were found that fish meal, shrimp meal, squid meal and soybean meal were good dietary potential protein sources with EAAIs between 0.87-0.98.
USE OF AZOLLA (Azolla pinnata) MEAL AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR DEFATTED SOYBEAN MEAL IN DIETS OF JUVENILE BLACK TIGER SHRIMP (Penaeus monodon) Agung Sudaryono
JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT Vol 9, No 3 (2006): Volume 9, Number 3, Year 2006
Publisher : JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

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Abstract

A 42-day feeding experiment was conducted to study the feasibility of utilizing azolla (Azollapinnata) meal (AZM) as a replacement for soybean meal (SBM) in the diets for juvenile Penaeusmonodon. The replacement levels of azolla meal protein in the diets were 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of thetotal soybean meal protein. All diets were isonitrogenous at 40% crude protein. Shrimp (mean initialweight, 0.49±0.02 g) were fed three times daily ad libitum at an initial feeding allowance of 10% totalbody weight per day. A completely randomized design was used in the study and shrimp were stocked ata density of 10 animals/72 L-tank in triplicates. There were not significant differences in weight gains(1.97-2.06 g), specific growth rates (SGR 3.81-3.89%/d), feed conversion ratios (FCR 2.06-2.77),protein efficiency ratios (PER 0.89-1.24), apparent protein utilization (APU, 43.3-56.7%), and survivalrates (99.1-100%) among shrimp groups (P>0.05). Feeding preference tests showed that either soybeanmeal-based diet or azolla meal-based diet was similarly preferred (P>0.05) by shrimp with thepreference values of 51 and 40% for soybean meal-based diet and azolla meal-based diet, respectively.The results of this study suggest that azolla meal protein can replace up to 100% of the soybean mealprotein in practical diet for juvenile black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon under laboratory conditionswithout any adverse performance. The use of azolla meal as an alternative plant protein source tosoybean meal may be able to reduce the feed costs for Penaeus monodon aquaculture.
FATTY ACID PROFILES IN FISH SILAGE MADE FROM VARIOUS MARINE FEEDSTUFFS AS POTENTIAL NUTRITION SOURCES FOR AQUACULTURE FEEDS Agung Sudaryono
JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT Vol 8, No 3 (2005): Volume 8, Number 3, Year 2005
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Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate fish silage made from various marine feedstuffs (shrimp head, blue crab waste, mud crab waste, squid and tigawaja trash fish) as potential sources of n-3 fatty acids for aquaculture feeds. The marine feedstuffs and the fish silage were analysed for fatty acids contents. Results of fatty acid analysis showed that all the fish silage had higher levels of PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) of linolenic acid (LNA; 18:3n-3) and HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acid) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) than the feedstuffs. This study indicates that the bioactive substances contents of n-3 fatty acids (LNA, EPA, DHA) in squid can be significantly improved by manufacturing the fish silage. Fish silage from squid was found to be the most potential source for PUFA (LNA; 5.08 vs 10.72) and HUFA (EPA; 8.07 vs 17.50 and DHA; 7.18 vs 18.08 g/100 g lipid) among the others and suitable for aquaculture feeds.
LUPIN MEAL UTILISATION IN AQUACULTURE FEEDS Agung Sudaryono
JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT Vol 3, No 1 (1999): Volume 3 Number 1 Year 1999
Publisher : JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

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Abstract

The paper review nutritional value and production of lupin meal and its uses in aquaculture feeds. Feed is the major cost variable in a aquaculture system representing up to 60% of total operating costs. The utilization of cost effective feeds would improve profitability of a aquaculture business. Commercial aquaculture feeds have been traditionally based on fish meal as the main dietary animal protein source and soybean meal as the dietary plant protein source. Lupin meal as an alternative dietary protein source has a favorable amino acids profile as compared to soybean meal. Lupin meal is consistently available, cost effective, palatable and highly digestible to most species of fish. It has been demonstrated that lupin meal will replace a considerable amount of soybean meal with no loss in production and fish performance. Manganese and methionine levels must be considered when utilizing high level of lupin in aquaculture feeds. Lupin meal is comparable nutritionally with soybean meal, it is more cost effective.
THE PERFORMANCE OF LUPIN MEAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO FISHMEAL IN DIET OF JUVENILE PENAEUS MONODON UNDER POND CONDITIONS Agung Sudaryono
JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT Vol 6, No 2 (2003): Volume 6, Volume 2, Year 2003
Publisher : JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

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Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the performance of isonitrogenous practical diets containing different inclusion levels of dehulled lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) meal as an alternative for fish meal for juvenile Penaeus monodon (4.32 ± 0.57 g) reared in pens under pond conditions with a natural productivity. Five isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 10, 20, and 30% dehulled lupin (L. angustifolius) meal with a corresponding reduction in fish meal from 24 (0% replacement; D1 as control) to 18 (25% replacement; D2), 12 (50% replacement; D3) and 6% (75% replacement; D4) and a diet containing dehulled lupin (L. albus) meal formulated to be similar to D2 which was designated as D5 and used for comparison. Each treatment was tested in quadruplicate and arranged in a completely randomised design. In addition, a group of shrimp put in four pond pens was not fed, to estimate the contribution of pond natural production to shrimp growth. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of different dietary treatments on mean individual weight gain (13.3-14.2 g), survival rate (88-93%) of shrimp, and feed conversion ratio (1.45-1.55). The presence of natural food in the pond was important to boost shrimp production and approximately 36-67% of growth of shrimp in the present study was supplied by natural food.  Under such conditions, dehulled lupin (L. angustifolius) meal can replace up to 75% of protein from fish meal at inclusion levels of up to 30% in isonitrogenous practical diets without any adverse effects on growth, survival, and feed conversion ratio of juvenile P. monodon. Although this study was performed using a pond pen model on a small scale, the results obtained have provided useful information on the potential of lupin based meals in a commercial semi-intensive shrimp farming.
PELLET WATER STABILITY STUDIES ON LUPIN MEAL BASED SHRIMP (Penaeus monodon) AQUACULTURE FEEDS : COMPARISON OF LUPIN MEAL WITH OTHER DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCES Agung Sudaryono
JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT Vol 4, No 3 (2001): Volume 4, Number 3, Year 2001
Publisher : JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

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Abstract

Nutritional quality of lupin based shrimp (Penaeus monodon) aquaculture feeds was evaluated in terms of pellet water stability. Two series of water stability experiments were carried out to study the effects of lupin meal inclusions as an dietary protein alternative for fish meal (Experiment 1) and soybean meal (Experiment 2) on percentage dry matter and protein leachings of the compounded test diets.  Increasing the replacement levels of dietary fish meal with lupin meal resulted in significant decrease (P<0.05) of pellet water stability over the 480-minute immersion period. A significant improvement in water stability with the increase of the soybean meal replacement levels with lupin meal up to 50% was found, however, further increase above 50% substitution level resulted in reduced water stability of the diets. It is  concluded that lupin meal can not totally replace either fish meal or soybean meal in shrimp formulated diets and a 50% replacement level of dietary fish meal or dietary soybean meal with lupin gives a promising good result in terms of pellet water stability for P. monodon diets.
COMPARASION OF LUPIN MEAL BASED DIETS COST EFFICIENCY FOR JUVENILE Penaeus monodon TESTED UNDER POND CONDITIONS Agung Sudaryono
JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT Vol 8, No 1 (2004): Volume 8, Number 1, Year 2004
Publisher : JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

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Abstract

A comparison of the cost efficiency of the formulated diets for juvenile Penaeus monodon in which fish meal or fish meal and soybean meal mixture were substituted with lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) meal at different levels has been conducted and is described in this study. The method used in the study was to estimate the relative economic performance for each dietary treatment using cost efficiency analysis equations. All diets containing different levels of lupin meal (0-30% and 0-48%) were compared in terms of total feed cost to determine the most cost-effective lupin meal based diet for juvenile Penaeus monodon reared in pens under pond conditions. The results show that inclusion of lupin meal at a level of 30% that substitute 75% of fish meal protein in D4 formulation saved 18% in price in Australia and 11% in price in Indonesia when compared with D1 with no lupin meal. Diet D9 including 48% of lupin meal to substitute 75% of a mixture of fish meal and soybean meal saved 21% in price in Australia and 14% in price in Indonesia when compared with D6 with no lupin meal. it is concluded that diets D4 and D9 containing 30% and 48% dehulled lupin (L. angustifolius) meal as a replacement of 75% protein of fish meal and the mixture of fish meal and soybean meal, respectively can be considered as the most economical and profitable diets with an acceptable level of production for semi-intensive pond culture of P. monodon stocked at a level of 10 animals/m2.
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