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All Journal ETIKONOMI Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business
Bakri Abdul Karim
Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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Integration of Stock Markets between Indonesia and Its Major Trading Partners Karim, Bakri Abdul; Majid, M. Shabri Abdul; Abdul Karim, Samsul Ariffin
Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business Vol 11, No 2 (2009): May - August
Publisher : Master of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (84.617 KB)

Abstract

Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) frameworks, this study examines the integration between the emerging stock market of Indonesia and its major trading partners (i.e., Japan, the U.S., Singapore, and China). During the period of July 1998 to December 2007, the Indonesian stock market is found to be integrated with its major trading partners. Thus, this implies that there is a limited room available for investors to gain risk-reduction benefits through diversifying their portfolio in those markets. Meanwhile, in the short run, the Indonesian market responds more to shocks in the U.S. and Singapore than in Japan and China. In designing policies pertaining to its stock market, the Indonesian government should take into account any development in the stock markets of its major trading partners, particularly the U.S. and Singaporean markets.
Interest Rates Targeting of Monetary Policy: An Open Economy SVAR Study of Malaysia Karim, Zulkefly Abdul; Karim, Bakri Abdul
Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business Vol 16, No 1 (2014): January-April
Publisher : Master of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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This paper examines the implementation of monetary policy during the interest rates targeting in a small-open economy (i.e. Malaysia) by using an open-economy structural VAR (SVAR) study. It tests the effect of foreign shocks upon domestic macroeconomic fluctuations and monetary policy, and examines how effective monetary policy is in influencing macroeconomic variables. The results show that during interest rates targeting, monetary policy plays a significant role in affecting macroeconomics variables. This finding suggests that monetary policy has an important role as a stabilization policy in a small-open economy.     
Population Aging and Economic Growth in Malaysia: New Evidence using Panel Threshold Analysis Abdul Karim, Zulkefly; Arif, Nur 'Alyaa; Karim, Bakri Abdul; Mohamad, Massita; Ishak, Ismahalil
ETIKONOMI Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/etk.v25i1.37927

Abstract

Research Originality: This research contribution focuses on the panel threshold model to examine the non-linear relationship between population aging and economic development in Malaysia. Research Objectives: This study aims to investigate the impact of aging on state economic growth in Malaysia (comprising 13 states and two federal territories) from 2005 to 2021. Research Methods: This study employed a threshold regression to identify the minimum turning point of aging that significantly impacts the Malaysian state's economic growth, while controlling for other factors. Empirical Results: The results revealed a single threshold effect between aging and economic growth, indicating a nonlinear positive relationship. The labor force aged 15-64 years has a positive impact on states' economic development. Implications: Therefore, these findings underscore the importance of policymakers focusing on the turning point to achieve balanced economic growth. These new findings are crucial for policymakers as additional input for implementing government policies, especially the National Senior Citizens Policy (DWEN) and the Malaysian Population Policy, to stimulate sustainable economic growth in the Malaysian state. JEL Classification: C18, J13, J21, O4
Co-Authors Arif, Nur 'Alyaa Ishak, Ismahalil M. Shabri Abd. Majid Mohamad, Massita Samsul Ariffin Abdul Karim Zulkefly Abdul Karim Zulkefly Abdul Karim