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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal) Makara Journal of Technology Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Sutrasno Kartohardjono
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty Of Engineering, University Of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
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Combination of ozonation and absorption through membrane contactor to remove ammonia from waste water Sutrasno Kartohardjono; Milasari Herdiana Putri; Setijo Bismo
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 11, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2012.11.2.3

Abstract

Ammonia in waste water is a major pollutant produced in industrial and agricultural waste water. Ammonia is often removed by conventional technologies such as pack tower aeration, biological treatment or adsorption as ammonium ion onto zeolites. In many cases, conventional methods are very costly and inefficient, and therefore, there is a need for an alternative separation technique for more efficient removal of ammonia from waste waters. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of the combination of ozonation and absorption through membrane processes to remove ammonia from wastewater using natural hot spring water (NHSW) as absorbent. Experimental results show that operating variables such as time and pH of absorbent solution are found to remarkably influence the removal process efficiency. Based on experimental results ozonation can improve ammonia removal efficiency through the hollow fiber membrane contactor. Ammonia removal efficiencies and overall mass transfer coefficients increase with decreasing pH of absorbent solution. Keywords: ammonia, mass transfer, membrane, ozonation, removal efficiencyAbstrak Amonia di dalam air limbah merupakan polutan utama yang berasal dari air limbah industri dan pertanian. Amonia kebanyak disisihkan dengan teknologi konvensional seperti aerasi di menara isian, pengolahan secara biologi atau penyerapan sebagai ion amonium pada zeolit. Dalam banyak hal, metode konvensional sangat mahal dan kurang efisien, sehingga diperlukan teknik separasi alternatif untuk proses penyisihan amonia dari air limbah yang lebih efisien. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menyelidiki kinerja kombinasi proses ozonasi dan proses absorbsi melalui membran untuk menyisihkan amonia dari air limbah menggunakan absorben berbahan dasar air dari sumber air panas. Hasil eksperimen memperlihatkan bahwa variabel operasi, seperti waktu dan pH larutan penyerap, sangat mempengaruhi efisiensi proses penyisihan amonia. Berdasarkan hasil eksperimen, ozonasi dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penyisihan ammonia melalui kontaktor membran serat berlubang. Efisiensi penyisihan amonia dan koefisien perpindahan massa keseluruhan naik dengan turunnya pH larutan penyerap.Kata kunci: amonia, perpindahan massa, membran, ozonasi, efisiensi penyisihan
Rekayasa Nilai Kriteria Desain Fasilitas Produksi Gas Alam Hibrah Hibrah; Sutrasno Kartohardjono; Mohammed Ali Berawi
Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 6, No 2 (2021): EDISI SEPTEMBER 2021
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v6i2.2642

Abstract

Natural gas is one of the primary hydrocarbon energies in Indonesia. The construction of natural gas production facilities is essential to accommodate domestic energy needs. These facilities include production, pipelines, and processing facilities in an integrated manner. This study used the hydrocarbon composition of Field-X with an average of 7.62% CO2 and 0.06% H2S. The alternative design uses a fixed platform (fixed platform), MOPU (Mobile Offshore Production Unit), and a Semi-Submersible platform. The design comparison criteria are capital expenditure (CapEx), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), work completion time, safety risk, and flexibility of future facility development. Through the comparison method, it is found that Option A is the best option, which has a design criterion value of 57%, a higher NPV of $43,537,469.58 than the smallest NPV option, an IRR of 19%, and a payout time (POT) of 5 years. Option A uses a fixed platform with a pipeline to the north, the hydrocarbon separation process is carried out on an offshore platform, and the processing is carried out onshore. ABSTRAKGas alam merupakan salah satu energi hidrokarbon utama di Indonesia. Pembangunan fasilitas produksinya sangat penting untuk mengakomodasi kebutuhan energi dalam negeri. Fasilitas ini meliputi produksi, jalur pemipaan, dan fasilitas pengolahan hidrokarbon secara terintegrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan komposisi hidrokarbon dari Lapangan-X dengan rata-rata CO2 7.62% dan H2S 0.06%. Alternatif desain menggunakan anjungan tetap (fix platform), MOPU (Mobile Offshore Production Unit), dan anjungan Semi-Submersible. Kriteria perbandingan desain adalah modal awal, nilai bersih saat ini (NPV), tingkat pengembalian internal (IRR), waktu penyelesaian pekerjaan, resiko keselamatan, dan flexibilitas pengembangan fasilitas kedepan. Melalui metode perbandingan yang dipadankan didapatkan Opsi A  adalah opsi terbaik, yang memiliki nilai kriteria desain 57%, NPV lebih tinggi $43,537,469.58 dibanding opsi NPV terkecil, IRR 19% dan waktu pembayaran (payout time/POT) 5 tahun. Opsi A  menggunakan anjungan tetap dengan jalur pemipaan ke arah Utara, proses separasi hidrokarbon dilakukan pada anjungan lepas pantai (offshore) dan pengolahannya dilakukan di darat (onshore). 
CO2 Absorption from Its Mixture with CH4 or N2 through Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor using Water as Solvent Kartohardjono, Sutrasno; Anggara, Anggara; Subihi, Subihi; Yuliusman, Yuliusman
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 11, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

CO2 Absorption from Its Mixture with CH4 or N2 through Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor using Water as Solvent. Hollow fiber membrane contactors have been widely used as gas-liquid contactors recently such as in the CO2 absorption process from gas stream. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of hollow fiber membrane contactor to absorb CO2 from its mixture with CH4 or N2 using water through mass transfer and hydrodynamic tests. There are 3 membrane modules used in this research with shell diameter of 1.9 cm, length of 40 cm, outer fiber diameter of 2.7 mm and fiber number in the contactors of 10, 15 and 20. Liquid flow rates in the hollow fiber membrane contactors are varied in this research. Research results show that mass transfer coefficients in the membrane contactor increase with increasing liquid flow rate and decrease with increasing fiber number in the contactor. Flux of CO2 into water can achieve 1.4x10-9 mol CO2 /m2.s and mass transfer coefficients can achieve 1.23 x 10-7 m/s. Meanwhile, hydrodynamic test results show that water pressure drop in the membrane contactors increase with increasing fiber number in the contactors.
Performance of Hollow Fiber Membrane Gas-Liquid Contactors to Absorb CO2 Using Diethanolamine (Dea) as a Solvent Kartohardjono, Sutrasno; Nata, Pan Ade; Prasetio, Eko; Yuliusman, Yuliusman
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 13, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This study uses DEA solution to absorb CO2 from the gas flow through the hollow fiber membrane contactors. This study aims to evaluate the performance of hollow fiber membrane contactors to absorb CO2 gas using DEA solution as solvent through mass transfer and hydrodynamics studies. The use of DEA solution is to reduce the mass transfer resistance in the liquid phase, and on the other side, the large contact area of the membrane surface can cover the disadvantage of membrane contactors; additional mass transfer resistance in the membrane phase. During experiments, CO2 feed flows through the fiber lumens, while the 0.01 M DEA solution flows in the shell side of membrane contactors. Experimental results show that the mass transfer coefficients and fluxes of CO2 increase with an increase in both water and DEA solution flow rates. Increasing the amount of fibers in the contactors will decrease the mass transfer and fluxes at the same DEA solution flow rate. Mass transfer coefficients and CO2 fluxes using DEA solution can achieve 28,000 and 7.6 million times greater than using water as solvent, respectively. Hydrodynamics studies show that the liquid pressure drops in the contactors increase with increasing liquid flow rate and number of fibers in the contactors. The friction between water and the fibers in the contactor was more pronounced at lower velocities, and therefore, the value of the friction factor is also higher at lower velocities.
Innovative High-Speed Homogenizer Approach for Synthesizing PVDF-GO Membranes from Recycled Battery Graphite Febriasari, Arifina; Ferdiansyah, Ferry; Salsabila, Shafa Marwa; Ridwan, Muhammad; Mahardika, Muhammad Bagas Adhistya; Hilyati, Hilyati; Sudjarwo, Wisnu Arfian Anditya; Arlofa, Nina; Supriyadi, Supriyadi; Toca-Herrera, Jose Luis; Kartohardjono, Sutrasno
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.103909

Abstract

Effective waste management is essential for achieving a zero-waste environment, particularly in handling hazardous domestic waste like used dry cell batteries. This study explores a sustainable approach by recovering graphite from battery waste to synthesize graphene oxide (GO) for enhancing poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. GO was synthesized using the Hummers method and a modified high-speed homogenization approach, then characterized via Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The fabricated PVDF-GO membranes were further analyzed using SEM-EDS, AFM, water contact angle measurements, and bacterial rejection tests. Results confirmed successful GO synthesis and integration into the polymer matrix. GO incorporation improved hydrophilicity, reducing the water contact angle from 120° (pure PVDF) to 66° and 56° in PVDF/PVP-GO membranes via high-speed homogenization and conventional methods, respectively. The modified membranes exhibited a 5–6 times larger pore size than pure PVDF and achieved nearly 100% bacterial rejection. Additionally, PVDF/PVP-GO(h) showed a 91.76% faster production time efficiency than PVDF/PVP-GO(s).
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION AND REFINING PROCESS FROM GREATER SUNRISE OFFSHORE TO NATARBORA ONSHORE, TIMOR-LESTE Francisco Manuel Gusmao; Sutrasno Kartohardjono
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21886162

Abstract

The Greater Sunrise gas field, with a production capacity of 750 MMSCFD, is a strategic energy source for Timor-Leste. Its development is planned through an offshore refining facility and a 250 km pipeline to Natarbora, requiring comprehensive technical and economic studies. Technically, gas purification is carried out to remove CO₂, H₂S, heavy hydrocarbons, and water vapor to prevent corrosion, hydrate formation, and equipment damage during transportation. The processes used include a three-phase separator, acid gas separation (Acid Gas Removal Unit, AGRU), heavy hydrocarbon separation (Dew Point Control Unit, DPCU), and a water separation unit. Simulation results show that the gas is dominated by 85.1% methane, with the AGRU able to reduce CO₂ from 0.05 to 0.02, resulting in a marketable gas of 724.4 MMSCFD. At the DPCU with a flow rate of approximately 723 MMSCFD, it produces 11 barrels/day of condensate, and the dehydration process produces 723 MMSCFD of dry gas. Economically, a 24-inch diameter pipe was chosen as the most optimal option with a compressor requirement of 5 units. The total CAPEX of the project is 3,337 million USD with OPEX of 51 million USD, including the cost of the pipe, vessel installation, compressor, platform, and gas purification facilities. Based on the results of the gas price sensitivity calculation of 4-10 USD/MMBTU, the project is not feasible at a price of 4-5 USD/MMBTU, which is indicated by a negative NPV, IRR of 2-9%, and a Payback Period of 10-17 years. The project begins to be feasible at a price of 6 USD/MMBTU with an NPV of 1040 million USD, an IRR of 16%, and a Payback Period of 4 years. Furthermore, at a price of 7-10 USD/MMBTU, economic performance improves significantly, with an NPV of up to 6102 million USD, an IRR of up to 47%, and a shorter payback period of 1-3 years. At a gas price of around 7 USD/MMBTU, the project is declared economically feasible and prospective.
A Techno-Economic Framework for Natural Gas Pipeline Tariff Determination Under State Budget Financing: Evidence from The Semarang-Batang Open-Access Transmission Pipeline, Indonesia Aji Agraning Bawono; Sutrasno Kartohardjono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2117

Abstract

Natural gas pipeline tariff regulation in Indonesia has historically been designed for investor-financed infrastructure, where tariffs must recover capital costs at a commercially determined weighted average cost of capital (WACC). The Semarang-Batang Transmission Pipeline (Cisem Phase I)—the first open-access transmission pipeline in Indonesia constructed under State Budget (APBN) financing—demands a fundamentally different tariff framework. This study develops and evaluates two alternative tariff formulation models tailored to government-funded infrastructure: (i) the State Capital Participation (PMN) scheme, which recovers capital at the government's retail sukuk coupon rate (IRR = 3.97%), and (ii) the State Property (BMN) scheme, which waives capital recovery entirely and charges only a management fee (CAPEX = 0). Results show that the BMN scheme delivers the lowest tariff of USD 0.279/MSCF, representing 55.7% below the conventional WACC-based tariff (USD 0.630/MSCF) and 25.0% below the PMN scheme (USD 0.372/MSCF). Sensitivity analysis confirms the BMN scheme's structural advantage: it eliminates IRR-driven tariff volatility and maximizes affordability for industrial end-users. These findings provide a replicable techno-economic framework and a practical policy basis for BPH Migas in determining transportation tariffs for APBN-financed pipeline infrastructure across Indonesia.
Co-Authors Aji Agraning Bawono Alfi Maghfirwan Ramadhan, Alfi Ananda Putra Sangaji, Ananda Anggara Anggara Anggara Anggara, Anggara Arlofa, Nina Eko Prasetio Eko Prasetio, Eko Febriasari, Arifina Ferry Ferdiansyah, Ferry Francisco Manuel Gusmao Hibrah Hibrah Hilyati Hilyati Kezia Elkardiana, Kezia M. Iwan Fermi Mahardika, Muhammad Bagas Adhistya Milasari Herdiana Putri Mohammed Ali Berawi Muhammad Ridwan Nata, Pan Ade Pan Nata Pan Nata, Pan Salsabila, Shafa Marwa Setijo Bismo Subihi Subihi Subihi Subihi, Subihi Sudjarwo, Wisnu Arfian Anditya Supriyadi Supriyadi Toca-Herrera, Jose Luis Yuliusman Yuliusman Yuliusman Yuliusman