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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Mohammed Taih Gatte
University of Babylon
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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FPGA-based experimental board for error control codes Ahmed Abdulkadhim Hamad; Haider Saheb Al-Mumen; Mohammed Taih Gatte
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 11, No 3: June 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v11i3.3778

Abstract

This paper proposed an experimental device that emulates and facilitates teaching the theoretical concepts of error-control coding (ECC) techniques. Two prototypes laboratory boards were designed and implemented. The first board simulates the transmitter side of a typical digital communication system. It mainly contains a data source, (7,4) Hamming encoder, cyclic redundancy check encoder (CRC), and Gaussian noise generator. The second board has two types of Hamming decoders, a syndrome decoder, and a maximum likelihood (ML) decoder that accepts the received soft signals at the channel output. Each board has several control switches so that the trainee can change the code variables, noise power, user ID, in addition to display tools such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and test points for the oscilloscope that help the user to observe the results. Moreover, results and setting variables can also be displayed on a PC’s screen connected through a USB port and organic light emitting diodes (OLED) display that is attached to the receiver board. The pipelining architecture of the field programmable gate array (FPGA) device was exploited in this proposed system to reduce the processing delay and hence increase the data throughput. Furthermore, we proved that both theoretical and experimental tests are identical.
Efficient systematic turbo polar decoding based on optimized scaling factor and early termination mechanism Ahmed A. Hamad; Mohammed Taih Gatte; Laith Ali Abdul-Rahaim
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 13, No 1: February 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v13i1.pp629-637

Abstract

In this paper, an efficient early termination (ET) mechanism for systematic turbo-polar code (STPC) based on optimal estimation of scaling factor (SF) is proposed. The gradient of the regression line which best fits the distance between a priori and extrinsic information is used to estimate the SF. The multiplication of the extrinsic information by the proposed SF presents effectiveness in resolving the correlation issue between intrinsic and extrinsic reliability information traded between the two typical parallel concatenated soft-cancellation (SCAN) decoders. It is shown that the SF has improved the conventional STPC by about 0.3 dB with an interleaver length of 64 bits, and about 1 dB over the systematic polar code (SPC) at a bit error rate (BER) of . A new scheme is proposed as a stopping criterion, which is mainly based on the estimated value of SF at the second component decoder and the decoded frozen bits for each decoding iteration. It is shown that the proposed ET results in halving the average number of iterations (ANI) without adding considerable complexity. Moreover, the modified codes present comparable results in terms of BER to the codes that utilize fix number of iterations.
Dual band antenna in licensed and unlicensed frequency bands based on superformula for 5G applications Rasim Azeez Kadhim; Yaseen Naser Jurn; Mohammed Taih Gatte
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 12, No 5: October 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v12i5.4694

Abstract

In this paper, the design and analysis of dual bands antenna is carried out. The ranges of frequencies are below 6 GHz and above 24 GHz. The superformula was used to design the proposed antenna where the curve profile of the proposed antenna is obtained by adjusting the six different parameters of the super-formula. The antenna shape likes the sunflower was mounted on flame retardant level 4 (FR4) substrate of dimensions of 32×32×1.5 mm3 and fed by a microstrip. The antenna is simulated using a computer simulation technology (CST) simulator. Results of the simulation showed that the antenna works in the licensed band (5.5–5.8 GHz) and the unlicensed band (24-40) GHz with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2 and return loss below -10 dBm. Also, the proposed design showed better performance than the normal ellipse-based antenna design with the same antenna dimensions.
Co-Authors Ahmed A. Hamad Ahmed Abdulkadhim Hamad Haider Saheb Al-Mumen Laith Ali Abdul-Rahaim Rasim Azeez Kadhim Yaseen Naser Jurn