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All Journal Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian
Karina Citra Rani
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya
Medicine & Pharmacology

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The development of Moringa leaves effervescent granules with effervescent agent of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate Karina Citra Rani; Nani Parfati; Nikmatul Ikhrom Ekajayani; I Made Abdi Kurniawan; Ni Putu Wangi Kristiani
Pharmaciana Vol 11, No 2 (2021): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (320.326 KB) | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v11i2.20873

Abstract

Moringa leaves are part of Moringa Oleifera, which have a high antioxidant content, therefore, it is beneficial for overcoming free radicals in the body. Furthermore, the leaves contents have the potential to be developed into a functional drink in the form of effervescent granules. The important aspects influencing the physical characteristics, stability, and acceptability of granule is the type and ratio of the effervescent agent. In this study, citric acid and sodium bicarbonate were used as effervescent agents because they both provide acceptable texture and mouthfeel. This study aimed to develop an effervescent granule formula of Moringa leaves and to optimize the molar ratio of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate as the effervescent agent. Three molar ratios of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate were optimized, namely 1:3.11 (Formulation 1), 1:3 (Formulation 2), and 1:2.93 (Formulation 3). These formulations were developed using the wet granulation method. The results showed effervescent granules of the three formulations exhibited good flowability and uniform particle size distribution. Furthermore, formulation 3 showed better granule flow characteristics than the others. The results after reconstitution showed the granules were quickly dispersed within 207-234 secs, the pH of the preparation ranged between 5.74-5.92 (neutral pH), the viscosity was between 326-333 cps, and exhibited dilatant flow characteristics. Also, the organoleptic and sensory evaluation results showed formulation 3 was the most acceptable in terms of color, taste, aroma, and texture. Based on these findings, it was concluded that formulation 3 which used (citric acid ratio, sodium bicarbonate 1:2.93) was the optimal formulation.
Formulation of orodispersible atenolol-β-cyclodextrin tablets with co-processed crospovidone-croscarmellose sodium and poloxamer 188 Karina Citra Rani; Nani Parfati; Linda Yosanti; I Gusti Ayu Yulivia Rosa Indah
Pharmaciana Vol 9, No 2 (2019): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (709.66 KB) | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v9i2.12841

Abstract

The use of conventional tablets in geriatric patients is currently limited because of a decrease in their physiological functions, such as tremor and difficulty of swallowing pills, which lowers their compliance with drug therapy. Hypertension, one of the degenerative diseases suffered by geriatric patients, is treatable with atenolol tablets or capsules that are less soluble in water or, in other words, has a poor dissolution. This research attempted to improve the dissolution of atenolol by formulating it into orodispersible tablets (ODTs), and as such, the disintegration time was modified by adding co-processed crospovidone-croscarmellose sodium in 1:1 ratio. Moreover, Poloxamer® 188 was added to the formulation of atenolol-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. The post-compression test revealed that ODTs disintegrated quickly within 36.67±1.21 seconds (<60 seconds) and had physical characteristics that met the pharmaceutical requirements. The amount of atenolol dissolved within 30 minutes in the dissolution study was 84.39% (%Q30 minutes). The results of the accelerated stability study (at 40 °C and RH 75±5 %) for two weeks proved that the physical and chemical characteristics of the produced orodispersible atenolol tablets were stable.
Co-Authors I Gusti Ayu Yulivia Rosa Indah I Made Abdi Kurniawan Linda Yosanti Nani Parfati Nani Parfati Ni Putu Wangi Kristiani Nikmatul Ikhrom Ekajayani