Balozi B Kirongo
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Five Year Growth and Survival of Eucalyptus Hybrid Clones in Coastal Kenya Balozi B Kirongo; Kimani G K; Kingiri Senelwa; Lazare Etiegni; Angela Mbelase; Mbae Muchiri
Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika Vol. 16 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB University)

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Abstract

Twelve eucalyptus hybrid clones (6 grandis-camaldulensis i.e. GC and 3 grandis-urophylla i.e. GU hybrids) and 3 local landraces (E. camaldulensis, E. tereticornis, and E. urophylla) were established in Gede, Sokoke, and Msambweni in the Coast Province of Kenya in 2002, to compare growth, survival, and adaptability in the 3 sites.  By the end of the 1st year, trees in Sokoke were more than 3 times the mean height of those in Gede and Msambweni. However, these growth advantages during the 1st year in Sokoke were not maintained and by year 2 Gede had caught up, although Msambweni still lagged behind. By age 5 there were significant growth differences between clones. Of the tree sites, Msambweni had the lowest tree growth.  GC167, GC14, GC581, and GC584 proved themselves as the better clones, while E. camaldulensis and E. urophylla were the better local land races. Overall, the “local land races” performed poorly in all sites.  Survivals were over 80% in all sites for the best performing clones. However, in Sokoke, 1 clone died (GU7) while another (GU8) had a survival of less than 20%, while EC and ET had survivals less than 35%. GC796 died in Msambweni and had 8% survival at Gede. The poor survivals in Sokoke may have been due to a severe drought in the 3rd year.  The initial outstanding growth performance in Sokoke may have been due to the fact that Sokoke was a ‘virgin’ forest site and presumably more fertile than the other two sites. These results show that recommendations on outstanding clones or new germplasm for planting or sale to farmers are best done at the end of the rotation for a particular intended product or use.
Effect of Charcoal Earth Kilns Construction and Firing on Soil Chemical Characteristics Kingiri Senelwa; Emmanuel Ekakoro; Balozi B Kirongo; Lazare Etiégni; Benard Orori; Volga Lipwoni; Jokshan Kaheeru Katigo; Lucy M Mboma
Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika Vol. 15 No. 3 (2009)
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB University)

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Abstract

Assessments of localized ecological and environmental impacts of charcoal production including effects on soils at kiln sites is seldom undertaken, with more emphasis being placed on the global effects of the practice such as forest degradation and deforestation. A study was undertaken in Narok, Eldoret, Moiben, and Turbo in Kenya on known charcoaling sites to investigate the impact of charcoal production on the soil chemical characteristics. Composite soil samples from 12 sampling points for all study sites were taken randomly at a depth of 0–15 cm. The samples were conditioned and analyzed for pH, particle size, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), extractable phosphorus, organic carbon, nitrogen, and exchangeable bases. A comparison of the soil properties between undisturbed sites and charcoaling sites showed significant differences for all chemical properties except CEC, Mg, and K. For the Moiben site, only the pH showed no significant difference (p < 0.05).  The observed high carbon content reduced with time for the one year following charcoaling activity and was attributed to soil erosion since charcoal production activities reduced the sites vegetation cover. Most chemical changes positively enhanced the nutrients content and availability, but were short lived probably due to soil erosion.  These results demonstrate the need to adopt technologies with minimum impact on the soil, or a shift to centralized production sites outside forest ecosystems or farmlands.