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All Journal Jurnal Kajian Bali
Mark Hobart
University of London
Religion Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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How Balinese Argue Mark Hobart
Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) Vol 9 No 1 (2019): WACANA KRITIS BUDAYA BALI
Publisher : Pusat Kajian Bali Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (606.714 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/JKB.2019.v09.i01.p01

Abstract

The Imaginary of Bali as paradise stands in stark contrast to what is actually going on. To understand the split requires examining who is authorized to represent Bali as what under what conditions. The issue concerns the nature of argument – whether argumentation and disagreement – and how it disarticulates and marginalize alternatives. The preferred, hegemonic style of argument in Bali is monologue, favoured by those in power, which effectively anticipates and prevents contradiction. By contrast, dialogue is open, democratic and widespread in daily life, but often passes relatively unnoticed. Whereas dialogue enables discussion and problem-solving, monologue re-asserts ideology in the face of uncomfortable actualities. In Bali, the form ideology takes centres on fantasies about an imaginary ‘age-old culture’. The drawbacks are evident in how claims over the cultural antiquity of Tri Hita Karana disguise its grave shortcomings in practice.
Bali is a battlefield Or the triumph of the imaginary over actuality Mark Hobart
Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) Vol 7 No 1 (2017): RELASI ETNISITAS DI BALI
Publisher : Pusat Kajian Bali Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (525.755 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/JKB.2017.v07.i01.p11

Abstract

The idea of Balinese culture as a unique, largely timeless, harmonious synthesis of religion, custom and art is remarkably resistant to historical and contemporary evidence to the contrary. Such a hegemonic vision, however imaginary, conveniently underwrites both local politics and tourism, and so national and global capitalism. Against this ideal of Bali-as-Paradise, a critical analysis suggests a quite different metaphor—Bali-as-a-battlefield—in many instances to be more appropriate and accurate. To understand why the Arcadian myth has proven so attractive to both Balinese and foreigners, we need to examine the work done by social imaginaries. Hypostatizing, essentializing, then mythologizing, a largely imaginary monolithic ‘Balinese culture’ delivers a docile population which not only accepts, but enthusiastically embraces, their increasing alienation and their subjection to the political and economic forces of capitalism.
Cultural Studies and Everyday Life: A Balinese Case Mark Hobart
Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) Vol 12 No 2 (2022): Volume 12 No. 2. Oktober 2022
Publisher : Pusat Kajian Bali Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2186.643 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/JKB.2022.v12.i02.p15

Abstract

This article aims to bring the intellectual rigour of Cultural Studies to Balinese ideas about culture which confuse culture with ideology. Cultural Studies is not the study of culture, but its critique which deconstructs culture as misrepresenting actuality as an Imaginary convenient to regimes of power. The New Order articulated ‘kebudayaan’ to create a submissive populace happy to embrace global tourism. Culture is no longer how how people do things but marketable commodities posturing as ‘ancient tradition’. Bali as paradise is a cliché. The island now fulfils Madame Suharto’s dream of Disneyland. The capitalist fantasy of endless cost-free growth bears no resemblance to the sophisticated Balinese cosmology of Kali-Yuga, which ends in cataclysmic dissolution; or to popular ideas of the world as ceaseless transforming. Although kebudayaan dismisses ordinary people as stupid masses, they often escape the ideological straitjacket of kebudayaan by just getting on with culture as everyday life.
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