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All Journal Jurnal Penelitian Ekosistem Dipterokarpa Wood Research Journal : Journal of Indonesian Wood Research Society Wood Research Journal : Journal of Indonesian Wood Research Society Jurnal Penelitian Ekosistem Dipterokarpa
Ganis Lukmandaru
Department of Forest Product Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education

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Sifat Kimia dan Warna Kayu Keruing, Mersawa dan Kapur Ganis Lukmandaru; Siti Fatimah; Andrian Fernandes
Jurnal Penelitian Ekosistem Dipterokarpa Vol 1, No 2 (2015): Jurnal Penelitian Ekosistem Dipterokarpa
Publisher : Jurnal Penelitian Ekosistem Dipterokarpa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jped.2015.1.2.69-80

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat kimia dan warna  kayu keruing (Dipterocarpus humeratus), mersawa (Anisoptera laevis) dan kapur (Dryobalanops keithii) yang sampai saat ini relatif belum banyak diketahui. Sampel pohon diperoleh dari  hutan Muara Wahau, Kalimantan Timur. Bagian gubal dan teras diperoleh dari bagian pangkal pohon. Pengujian komponen kimia mengacu pada standar ASTM. Pengukuran warna dilakukan melalui sistem koordinat CIELAB. Hasil pengukuran kadar ekstraktif di 3 spesies pada nilai kadar ekstraktif etanol-toluena (KEET) menunjukkan kisaran pada kayu bagian gubal (KG) 2,37-4,60 % dan teras (KT) 2,58-4,81 %, kelarutan dalam air panas (KAP) sebesar 2,14-6,49 % (KG) dan 1,14-5,77 % (KT), kadar kelarutan dalam air dingin (KAD) adalah 1,61-6,39 % (KG) dan 1,063,26 % (KT). Kecenderungan dari gubal ke teras menunjukkan adanya kenaikan nilai KEET, dan penurunan nilai KAP dan KAD. Pengukuran komponen dinding sel pada kadar lignin berkisar 27,39 – 33,29 % (KG) dan 25,77- 34,19 % (KT), kadar holoselulosa berkisar 70,50-73,73 % (KG) dan 65,94-74,84% (KT), sedangkan kadar a-selulosa berkisar 45,83-49,62 % (KG) dan 44,23-52,32 % (KT). Dari gubal ke teras, perbedaan nilai kadar lignin dan selulosa relatif kecil. Kelarutan dalam NaOH 1 % berkisar 12,06-17,07 (KG) dan 11,85-20,79 % (KT), kadar abu sekitar 0,72-3,64 % (KG) dan 0,74-4,73 % (KT), sedangkan nilai pH berkisar 5,56-8,02 (KG) dan 7,09-7,96 (KT). Untuk sifat warna, kisaran nilai indeks kecerahan (L*), kemerahan (a*), dan kekuningan (b*) pada bagian gubal adalah 48-53, 6-11, dan 9-20, secara berturutan,, sedangkan pada bagian teras masing-masing  40-49, 9-16, dan 14-18.
Sifat Kimia dan Warna Kayu Keruing, Mersawa dan Kapur Ganis Lukmandaru; Siti Fatimah; Andrian Fernandes
Jurnal Penelitian Ekosistem Dipterokarpa Vol 1, No 2 (2015): Jurnal Penelitian Ekosistem Dipterokarpa
Publisher : Jurnal Penelitian Ekosistem Dipterokarpa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jped.2015.1.2.69-80

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat kimia dan warna  kayu keruing (Dipterocarpus humeratus), mersawa (Anisoptera laevis) dan kapur (Dryobalanops keithii) yang sampai saat ini relatif belum banyak diketahui. Sampel pohon diperoleh dari  hutan Muara Wahau, Kalimantan Timur. Bagian gubal dan teras diperoleh dari bagian pangkal pohon. Pengujian komponen kimia mengacu pada standar ASTM. Pengukuran warna dilakukan melalui sistem koordinat CIELAB. Hasil pengukuran kadar ekstraktif di 3 spesies pada nilai kadar ekstraktif etanol-toluena (KEET) menunjukkan kisaran pada kayu bagian gubal (KG) 2,37-4,60 % dan teras (KT) 2,58-4,81 %, kelarutan dalam air panas (KAP) sebesar 2,14-6,49 % (KG) dan 1,14-5,77 % (KT), kadar kelarutan dalam air dingin (KAD) adalah 1,61-6,39 % (KG) dan 1,063,26 % (KT). Kecenderungan dari gubal ke teras menunjukkan adanya kenaikan nilai KEET, dan penurunan nilai KAP dan KAD. Pengukuran komponen dinding sel pada kadar lignin berkisar 27,39 – 33,29 % (KG) dan 25,77- 34,19 % (KT), kadar holoselulosa berkisar 70,50-73,73 % (KG) dan 65,94-74,84% (KT), sedangkan kadar a-selulosa berkisar 45,83-49,62 % (KG) dan 44,23-52,32 % (KT). Dari gubal ke teras, perbedaan nilai kadar lignin dan selulosa relatif kecil. Kelarutan dalam NaOH 1 % berkisar 12,06-17,07 (KG) dan 11,85-20,79 % (KT), kadar abu sekitar 0,72-3,64 % (KG) dan 0,74-4,73 % (KT), sedangkan nilai pH berkisar 5,56-8,02 (KG) dan 7,09-7,96 (KT). Untuk sifat warna, kisaran nilai indeks kecerahan (L*), kemerahan (a*), dan kekuningan (b*) pada bagian gubal adalah 48-53, 6-11, dan 9-20, secara berturutan,, sedangkan pada bagian teras masing-masing  40-49, 9-16, dan 14-18.
Physico-Chemical Properties and Bioactivity of Resinous Araucaria cunninghamii extract Aishah Agustian; Ganis Lukmandaru; Rizki Arisandi
Wood Research Journal Vol 16, No 1 (2025): WOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2025.16.1.1-8

Abstract

Resin has been identified as a promising non-timber forest product with the potential to generate high economic value. Araucaria cunninghamii is recognized as one of the most prominent sources of resin in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of resin from A. cunninghamii, focusing on its extractive properties. A total of 20 g of resin was extracted by separation and successive extraction methods using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvents. Subsequently, the n hexane extract was fractionated into neutral and acidic fractions. Subsequently, the acidic fraction underwent a saponification process, resulting in the isolation of an unsaponifiable fraction and a phenolic fraction. The components of analysis were identified through the utilization of a GC-MS analysis. The physicochemical test of the resin was conducted in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7636:2020), while the quantification of the total phenolic content was performed through the implementation of the Folin-Ciolceteu method. Furthermore, the measurement of antioxidant activity was conducted through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) test (inhibition percentage). The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest solubility. Araucaria cunninghamii contained a more dominant neutral fraction. Moreover, the highest level of total phenolic content was obtained in the n-hexane soluble fraction (6.84 mg GAE/g). A GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (31.5%), sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (23.8%), and oxygenated diterpenes (19.9%) within the sample. Furthermore, the physicochemical tests exhibited ash content, acid number, and toluene insoluble content of 0.02%, 83.90 and 0.5%, respectively. Araucaria cunninghamii had relatively low antioxidant activity. In the phenolic fraction, antioxidant activity increased after partitioning of the n-hexane solubles. The phenolic fraction exhibited an increase in its inhibitory effect, with an increase from 19.5% to 28.8%. Further studies are necessary to detect phenolic and non-phenolic components affected by the intensity of antioxidant activity.
Physico-Chemical Properties and Bioactivity of Resinous Araucaria cunninghamii extract Aishah Agustian; Ganis Lukmandaru; Rizki Arisandi
Wood Research Journal Vol 16, No 1 (2025): WOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2025.16.1.1-8

Abstract

Resin has been identified as a promising non-timber forest product with the potential to generate high economic value. Araucaria cunninghamii is recognized as one of the most prominent sources of resin in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of resin from A. cunninghamii, focusing on its extractive properties. A total of 20 g of resin was extracted by separation and successive extraction methods using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvents. Subsequently, the n hexane extract was fractionated into neutral and acidic fractions. Subsequently, the acidic fraction underwent a saponification process, resulting in the isolation of an unsaponifiable fraction and a phenolic fraction. The components of analysis were identified through the utilization of a GC-MS analysis. The physicochemical test of the resin was conducted in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7636:2020), while the quantification of the total phenolic content was performed through the implementation of the Folin-Ciolceteu method. Furthermore, the measurement of antioxidant activity was conducted through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) test (inhibition percentage). The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest solubility. Araucaria cunninghamii contained a more dominant neutral fraction. Moreover, the highest level of total phenolic content was obtained in the n-hexane soluble fraction (6.84 mg GAE/g). A GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (31.5%), sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (23.8%), and oxygenated diterpenes (19.9%) within the sample. Furthermore, the physicochemical tests exhibited ash content, acid number, and toluene insoluble content of 0.02%, 83.90 and 0.5%, respectively. Araucaria cunninghamii had relatively low antioxidant activity. In the phenolic fraction, antioxidant activity increased after partitioning of the n-hexane solubles. The phenolic fraction exhibited an increase in its inhibitory effect, with an increase from 19.5% to 28.8%. Further studies are necessary to detect phenolic and non-phenolic components affected by the intensity of antioxidant activity.
Co-Authors Aishah Agustian Andrian Fernandes Rizki Arisandi Siti Fatimah