Yuniarti Ulfa
School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia USM Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang

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Combined Tide and Storm Influence on Facies Sedimentation of Miocene Miri Formation, Sarawak Yuniarti Ulfa; Nasiman Sapari; Zuhar Zahir Tuan Harith
EKSPLORIUM Vol 32, No 2 (2011): November 2011
Publisher : Pusat Teknologi Bahan Galian Nuklir - BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (893.422 KB) | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2011.32.2.2814

Abstract

This study was conducted on the sedimentary rocks belonging to the Miri Formation (Middle – Late Miocene). The primary objective of the present study is to provide additional interpretation on the stratigraphy of the Miri Formation in the Miri Field based on the new information gathered from new outcrops in the area. Five outcrops were examined in detail on sedimentology and stratigraphy. Based on lithology, sedimentary structures, bedding geometry and traces fossil, the sediments of the Miri Formation were grouped into fourteen lithofacies. Influence of tide and storm during the depositional processes of the formation were indicated by the group of two main facies associations which are: (i) tide-dominated estuary; and (ii) wave-and-storm dominated facies associations. The tide-dominated estuary system of the Miri Formation are includes variety of sub environments: estuary mouth or tidal channel and sand bars (characterized by trough cross-stratified sandstone with mud drapes facies), estuary channel or upper flow regime of sand flat (characterized by parallel stratified sandstone with mud-laminas facies), mixed-tidal flat (characterized by wavy and flaser bedded sandstone facies), and mud-tidal flat (characterized by rhythmic stratified sandstone-mudstone and lenticular bedding facies). The wave-and-storm dominated varied from lower to middle shoreface (characterized by hummocky cross-stratified sandstone and rhythmic parallel stratified sandstone and laminated siltstone facies), upper shoreface (characterized by swaley cross-stratified sandstone), lower shoreface (interbedded to bioturbated sandstone and siltstone facies), and offshore transitional (characterized by bioturbated sandstone and mudstone interbedding with parallel to hummocky cross-stratified sandstone facies). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada batuan sedimen penyusun Formasi Miri (Miosen Tengah - Akhir). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan interpretasi tambahan pada stratigrafi Formasi Miri di Lapangan Miri berdasarkan informasi baru yang dikumpulkan dari singkapan batuan baru di daerah tersebut. Lima singkapan tersebut diteliti secara rinci berdasarkan aspek sedimentologi dan stratigrafi. Berdasarkan litologi, struktur sedimen, geometri perlapisan dan fosil jejak, sedimen penyusun Formasi Miri dikelompokkan ke dalam empat belas litofasies. Pengaruh pasang surut dan badai selama proses pengendapan formasi diindikasikan dari adanya dua kelompok gabungan fasies utama antara lain: (i) didominasi oleh pasang-surut muara, dan (ii) didominasi oleh gabungan fasies gelombang dan badai. Sistem yang didominasi pasang surut muara pada Formasi Miri meliputi variasi sub-lingkungan: mulut muara atau alur pasang surut, dan gosong sungai (dicirikan oleh fasies batupasir dengan perlapisan saling silang dengan lempung yang mengapung), alur muara atau rezim aliran bagian atas dari dataran pasir (dicirikan oleh fasies batupasir berlapis paralel dengan lumpur berlapis), campuran pasang surut normal (dicirikan oleh fasies batupasir berlapis), dan lumpur pasang surut normal (dicirikan oleh fasies batupasir berlapis ritmik-batulumpur dan perlapisan lenticular). Dominasi pengaruh gelombang dan badai bervariasi dari rendah ke menengah (dicirikan oleh fasies batupasir berlapis silang yang hummocky dan batupasir berlapis paralel berulang dan batulanau berlapis), muka pantai bagian atas (dicirikan oleh batupasir berlapis silang yang swaley), muka pantai bagian bawah (fasies batupasir dan batulanau yang bersisipan sampai bioturtbasi), dan transisi lepas pantai (dicirikan oleh fasies batupasir bioturbasi dan batulumpur yang bersisipan dengan batupasir berlapis paralel sampai berlapis silang yang hummocky).
Structural Characteristics of The Semanggol Formation Along The East-West Highway Route 67 Baling Area, Kedah, Malaysia Yuniarti Ulfa; Mohd Hafiz Hafizzy; Muhammad Farhan
EKSPLORIUM Vol 33, No 2 (2012): November 2012
Publisher : Pusat Teknologi Bahan Galian Nuklir - BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1065.346 KB) | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2012.33.2.2659

Abstract

The amounts of structural data available from the East-West Highway Route 67 of Baling Area have been used to unravel the structural characteristics of the Semanggol Formation, which comprises black mudstone, sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone, tuff, paraconglomerate, siliceous shale and chert. The area was cut by two sets of faults trending NW-SE and NE-SW. The main fault in this area is known as Bok Bak fault that is trending NW-SE and have moderately to steeply dips (40o-88o) as compared to the conjugate faults. Two sets of folds trending NE-SW and NW-SE were also identified in this area, where most of them are symmetrical fold with gentle to open fold varies from non-plunging to nearly moderately plunging folds. Most of the faults have parallel orientation to the fold axis, indicated this pattern probably originated at the same period of deformation due to warping and uplifting. Sejumlah data struktur geologi yang terdapat di sepanjang jalur tol Timur-Barat rute 67 daerah Baling telah digunakan untuk menguraikan karakteristik struktur dari Formasi Semanggol yang terdiri atas batu lempung hitam, batu pasir, batu pasir tufaan, tuf, para-konglomerat, batu serpih yang mengandungi silika dan batu rijang. Daerah ini dipotong oleh dua pasang patahan utama yang berarah NW-SE dan NE-SW. Sesar utama di kawasan ini dikenal sebagai Sesar Bok Bak dengan arah NW-SE dan kemiringan sedang hingga curam (40o-88o) sebanding dengan sesar konjugasinya. Dua pasang lipatan berarah NE-SW dan NW-SE juga dapat diidentifikasi di kawasan ini dimana sebagian besar dari lipatan tersebut merupakan lipatan simetri yang landai hingga terbuka dan bervariasi dari sudut penunjamannya dari tidak menunjam sama sekali hingga menunjam sedang. Kebanyakan dari sesar ini berorientasi sejajar dengan sumbu lipatan, mengindikasikan bahwa model ini kemungkinan terbentuk pada periode yang sama dengan proses terjadinya deformasi disebabkan oleh proses pelengkungan dan pengangkatan.