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Unjuk Kerja Down-Flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) Bioreaktor sebagai Secondary Treatment untuk Pengolahan Limbah Domestik Faisal Faisal; Izarul Machdar; Syaifullah Muhammad; Takashi Onodera; Kazuaki Syutsubo; Akiyoshi Ohashi
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Wastewater pollution will continue to grow as the population and community activities continue to increase. Various techniques have been applied for domestic waste treatment, but generally these processes require relatively high operation and maintenance costs. Down Flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) has been proposed as a solution to the problem of handling domestic waste for developing countries. DHS bioreactor is a biological waste treatment that does not require an aerator and is easy to operate. This study aims to evaluate DHS bioreactors that can be applied in Indonesia. DHS bioreactor is operated with 4 hours hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results showed that DHS bioreactor is able to reduce up to 34% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) total, 33% soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 80% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) total, and 65% Ammonia.ABSTRAK Pencemaran air limbah akan terus bertambah dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan aktifitas masyarakat. Berbagai proses telah diaplikasikan untuk pengolahan limbah domestik, tetapi umumnya proses-proses tersebut membutuhkan biaya operasi dan perawatan yang relatif mahal. Downflow Hanging Sponge (DHS) telah diusulkan sebagai pemecahan persoalan penanganan limbah domestik untuk negara-negara berkembang. DHS bioreaktor adalah pengolahan limbah secara biologis yang tidak membutuhkan aerator dan mudah dalam pengoperasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bioreaktor DHS sehingga dapat diterapkan di Indonesia. Bioreakor DHS dioperasikan dengan hydraulic retention time (HRT) 4 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan DHS bioreaktor mampu mengurangi hingga 34% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) total, 33% soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 80% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) total, dan 65% ammonia.

POTENSI PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN TERMODIFIKASI ASAP CAIR SEBAGAI BAHAN EDIBLE COATING ANTI MIKROBA UNTUK PENGAWETAN DAGING M. Hanafiah; M. Faisal; Izarul Machdar
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This research is a preliminary study of the utilization of chitosan modified with liquid smoke to produce edible coating material that can be used as a preservative of beef. Chitosan compounds obtained from shrimp shell waste, while liquid smoke produced from pyrolysis of palm shells at a temperature of 340oC. Edible coating solution with various concentrations was made by dissolving chitosan (1-1.5%) into 3% liquid smoke, which was then applied as a meat preservative. Meat samples that have been dipped edible coating for 15 minutes, then stored in the refrigerator and observed decreased endurance every 24 hours for 8 days. Analysis results of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that liquid smoke contains phenol and acetic acid compounds that have antimocrobial properties. Meat endurance test was done by analyzing the aroma, texture and color of meat. The results showed that the beef that has been coated liquid chitosan solution can last up to 7 days. Chitosan concentration affects the endurance of meat, the greater the chitosan concentration, the better the meat endurance. The optimum concentration was obtained at 1% of chitosan, the meat still has an acceptable aroma, texture and color for up to 6 days. This suggests that chitosan-liquid smoke can be used as an edible coating material.

Unjuk Kerja Down-Flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) Bioreaktor sebagai Secondary Treatment untuk Pengolahan Limbah Domestik Faisal Faisal; Izarul Machdar; Syaifullah Muhammad; Takashi Onodera; Kazuaki Syutsubo; Akiyoshi Ohashi
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Wastewater pollution will continue to grow as the population and community activities continue to increase. Various techniques have been applied for domestic waste treatment, but generally these processes require relatively high operation and maintenance costs. Down Flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) has been proposed as a solution to the problem of handling domestic waste for developing countries. DHS bioreactor is a biological waste treatment that does not require an aerator and is easy to operate. This study aims to evaluate DHS bioreactors that can be applied in Indonesia. DHS bioreactor is operated with 4 hours hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results showed that DHS bioreactor is able to reduce up to 34% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) total, 33% soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 80% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) total, and 65% Ammonia.ABSTRAK Pencemaran air limbah akan terus bertambah dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan aktifitas masyarakat. Berbagai proses telah diaplikasikan untuk pengolahan limbah domestik, tetapi umumnya proses-proses tersebut membutuhkan biaya operasi dan perawatan yang relatif mahal. Downflow Hanging Sponge (DHS) telah diusulkan sebagai pemecahan persoalan penanganan limbah domestik untuk negara-negara berkembang. DHS bioreaktor adalah pengolahan limbah secara biologis yang tidak membutuhkan aerator dan mudah dalam pengoperasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bioreaktor DHS sehingga dapat diterapkan di Indonesia. Bioreakor DHS dioperasikan dengan hydraulic retention time (HRT) 4 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan DHS bioreaktor mampu mengurangi hingga 34% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) total, 33% soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 80% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) total, dan 65% ammonia.

Foam Agent Synthesis For the Production of Foam-Based Concrete Izarul Machdar; Abdullah Abdullah; Adisalamun Adisalamun; Wahyu Rinadi
Journal of Applied Technology Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Applied Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (381.866 KB)

Foam agents are crucial in the durability and performance of foam-based concrete. This study provides a critical finding related to foam agent characteristics, foam decay, the effects of foam modifiers (NaCl), and the properties of foam concrete, including shrinkage, compressive strength, and density. The foaming agent was prepared using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and triethanolamine (TEA) as a surface active agent, propylene glycol (PG) as a solvent, and NaCl as the foam modifier. The SDS:TEA:PG ratio was 1:1:2. The foam modifier was introduced in 0.1% to 0.8% varying concentrations to assess its impact on foam stability. The surface tension of the foam agent synthesis at a concentration of 20% was measured to be 0.1649 N/m, comparable to the commercial one. The decay rate foam of 0.095, 0.059, 0.063, and 0.013 cm/minute for the concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, respectively. This suggests that higher concentrations of the foaming agent resulted in a more stable foam structure with slower decay rates. Moreover, the results showed that as the NaCl increased, the viscosity increased, but no effect on foam concentration of 80%. It was also observed that the combined effect of the foam agent concentration and NaCl concentration on viscosity was not linear. The recorded foam concrete shrinkage heights for the 20%, 40%, and commercial foam agent concentrations were 6.45 mm (SD 1.07 mm), 5.04 mm (SD 0.62 mm), and 4.0 mm (SD 0.94 mm), respectively. Furthermore, the compressive strengths of the foam concrete for the 20%, 40% foam agent concentration, and commercial foam were 4.41 MPa (SD 0,79 MPa), 4.20 MPa (SD 0.48 MPa), and 6.32 MPa, respectively. In conclusion, the foaming agent formulated from the mixture of components SDS, TEA, PG, dan NaCl has demonstrated the ability to produce foam concrete with satisfactory quality.

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