Jamal Abdul Aziz
Faculty of Islamic Business and Economy IAIN Purwokerto, Jl. Jend. A. Yani No. 40 A Purwokerto

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ABÛ ISHÂQ IBRÂHÎM IBN MÛSÂ AL-SYÂTHIBÎ AND HIS OPINION ON THE DICHOTOMY OF ‘IBÂDÂT AND ‘ÂDÂT IN ISLAMIC LAW Jamal Abdul Aziz
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 10 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v10i2.714

Abstract

Abû Is­hâq Ibrâhîm ibn Mûsâ al-Syâthibî (d. 790/1388), or who is known as al-Syâthibî, is one of the most famous fuqahâ’ in Maliki sect. When he was living in Granada in the thirteenth century, he faced a wide scale of social, economic, and cultural changes. At the same time, the teaching and practice of tasawwuf influenced the tendency of  thinking of Islamic law. The big change supported him to formulate his philosophy of Islamic law. Mashlahah (mashâlih), as the main purpose of maqâshid al-syarî’ah, is the main concept of philosophy thinking in Islamic law that he built. The dichotomy of ‘ibâdât and ‘âdât contains the representation of fixed aspects which in one side is the teaching of worships (rites), and on the other side is the dynamic aspect from the Islamic law. ‘Ibâdât asked for a pure obedience from a human with the way has been specified by the God, while ‘âdât can receive any possible changes.Copyright (c) 2015 by Al-Ihkam. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i2.714  
Islamic Banking in Global Economic Context (Critical Studies of Operational System and Performance of Islamic Banking) Jamal Abdul Aziz
AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial Vol. 12 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v12i2.1301

Abstract

Berdasarkan kajian terhadap sejarah kemunculan dan sistem operasional Bank Islam beserta kinerjanya, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa konsep bank Islam pada hakekatnya merupakan bentuk islamisasi terhadap institusi perbankan. Hanya saja proses islamisasi yang terjadi baru sebatas pada aspek-aspek yang bersifat marginal, artifisial, dan formal-institusional, seperti penggantian istilah-istilah teknis dalam dunia perbankan dengan istilah yang berasal dari fikih muamalah, penghapusan bunga, dan penolakan terhadap praktek-praktek bisnis yang haram. Selebihnya, bank Islam tidak berbeda dengan bank konvensional. Dampak dari islamisasi yang kurang substansial-komprehensif tersebut adalah timbulnya kesan bahwa bank Islam justru ‘terbelenggu’ oleh konsep-konsep fikih klasik yang mendasarinya, di mana ia cenderung kontra produktif dengan tren  bisnis moderen yang senantiasa menuntut efisiensi dan fleksibilitas. Agar tetap dapat survive di masa-masa mendatang, bank Islam perlu mengevaluasi diri secara terus menerus dengan selalu membuka diri terhadap berbagai kritikan yang dialamatkan kepadanya. Konsepsi yang terlalu berorientasi kepada doktrin harus diimbangi dengan kesadaran akan fakta-fakta dan tuntutan bisnis moderen, baik yang berskala lokal maupun global. Sementara itu cita-cita Islam yang ideal, seperti pemberantasan kemiskinan, pendistribusian kekayaan secara adil, dan penciptaan lapangan kerja, harus tetap menjadi orientasi utamanya. Kata Kunci:Riba, Profit and Loss Sharing, Mudlârabah, Murâbahah, Artificial Aspects of Islam  Abstract:Based on the study of the history of emergence and operation of Islamic Bank and its system performance, the author conclude that the concept of Islamic bank is essentially a form of Islamization of the banking institutions. Such Islamization are limited to the marginal, artificial, and formal-institutional aspects, such as the replacement of technical terms in the banking world with a term derived from the fiqh al-mu’âmalah, the abolition of interest, and the rejection of unlawful business practices. Moreover, the Islamic bank is no different from conventional banks. The impact of such less substantial and comprehensive islamization is the perception that Islamic bank is precisely 'shackled' by the concepts underlying classical fiqh, where it tends to be counter-productive with modern business trends which are constantly demanding efficiency and flexibility. In order to remain able to survive in the future, Islamic banks need to evaluate itself continuously by always open to criticism addressed to them. The conception of Islamic banking oriented too much to the doctrine must be balanced with an awareness of the facts and the demands of modern business, both local and global scale. While the ideals of the Islamic ideal, such as the eradication of poverty, equitable distribution of wealth and job creation, should remain the main orientation.