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All Journal Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism
Qasim Muhammadi
International Cultural Center of Rahmatun lil Alamin
Religion Arts Humanities Social Sciences

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Islamic Sharia and Non-Muslim Citizens in Kanunname During Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire Meirison Alizar; Qasim Muhammadi
Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan Vol 27, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : LP2M - Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/ws.27.1.3543

Abstract

The tolerant spirit of Islam has inspired Ottoman rulers to adopt policies relating to non-Muslim citizens. The leadership crisis in the Ottoman Empire and the Western interests through capitulation have changed judicial system in the empire, including the system for non-Muslims that allows them to conduct their own judiciary and provide absolute freedom of religious matters. Tanzimāt, which is expected to bring improvements to the legislation system in Ottoman Empire, has marginalized Islamic law which is only enforced in aḥwāl al-shakhṣiyyah. Sultan Abdul Hamid II tried to maintain Islamic law by codifying Western European style. Some legal codifications contain qawāid fiqhiyyah (principles of Islamic law) which are sourced from the books of the Hanafi School of jurisprudence, and some others adopt Western laws by taking a few opinions of Islamic jurisprudence. This study analyzed various literatures related to policies towards non-Muslim citizens in the Ottoman era. The study uses descriptive and qualitative methods with a content analysis approach. Broadly speaking, this study found that the Ottoman Empire had given good treatment to non-Muslim citizens. The non-Muslim citizens get various facilities from the State, including the establishment of special institutions that handle their own affairs, although at the same time they have been used by Western countries to support their interests in Ottoman Empire.
The Dynamics and Role of Sufism in Turkish Politics and Society Darmaiza Darmaiza; Meirison Meirison; Ayu Rustriana Rusli; Qasim Muhammadi
Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism Vol 11, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Humaniora - UIN Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/tos.v11i2.12443

Abstract

Sufism is widespread in Turkey, and most Turkish people sympathise with the Sufis even if they do not adhere to particular Sufi orders. Sufism has been rooted in Turkish society throughout history and has experienced ups and downs. This article is a literature study that used a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis. Data were collected from documents, literature, and journals. This study found that Sufism was not entirely swept up by secularisation, particularly in rural areas. Even in urban areas, many still adhere to Islamic traditions, including Sufism, passed down from generation to generation. Furthermore, Sufism influenced the political world in Turkey and the period preceding the Ottoman Empire's collapse. Even after that, a new pattern of Sufism emerged, namely Sufism without order, which resulted from understanding the Risale-i Nur, written by Said Nursi.  Contribution: This article is expected to explain the role of Sufism in Turkey during the classical period as an agent of moderate Islam propagation who built a spirit of struggle. This study shows that Sufism in Turkey has different understandings from others that distance themselves from political matters, social activities, and state affairs.
Co-Authors Ayu Rustriana Rusli Darmaiza Darmaiza Meirison Alizar Meirison Meirison