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Fathul Mufid
STAIN Kudus
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PERKEMBANGAN ONTOLOGI DALAM FILSAFAT ISLAM Fathul Mufid
Jurnal Penelitian Vol 7, No 2 (2013): Jurnal Penelitian
Publisher : LP2M IAIN kUDUS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/jupe.v7i2.815

Abstract

THE ONTOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY. The primary basis in the study of ontology is what it is, where it exists and, what the truth is. The fundamental and profound of these issues, so that people are faced with different answers. The first question, “what is there”, gives different answers according to their beliefs. Monism, which is only one and that one was spirit and ideas, then gave the flow of spiritualism and idealism. But if that one is full of material, then gave materialism. Dualism, that is round two, for example, body and soul, it gives the existentialism flow. Pluralism, that is composed of  many elements, there is something that cannot be known, then gave the flow of agnosticism. The second problem, “where it exists”, the answer is that dwells in the world of  ideas, abstract, fixed and immutable. That is living in the world of  ideas that are concrete and individual, so that the truth is limited and changeable. The third issue, “what the truth is”, if  the truth is eternal and immortal, then it is God. However, if the truth is capricious, then the problem is how to change it and what determines the change.Keywords: Ontology, Philosophy, Existence, Essence, Metaphysics.Dasar  utama  dalam  kajian  ontologi  adalah  apa  yang  ada,  di mana yang ada dan, apa itu kebenaran. Sedemikian mendasar dan mendalamnya persoalan-persoalan ini, sehingga manusia dihadapkan pada  jawaban-jawaban  yang  berbeda.  Persoalan  pertama,  “apa yang ada”, memberikan jawaban yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan keyakinan mereka. Monisme, yang ada hanya satu dan yang satu itu serba spirit dan ide, maka melahirkan aliran spiritualisme dan idealisme. Tetapi jika yang satu itu serba materi, maka melahirkan materialisme.  Dualisme,  yang  ada  serba  dua,  misalnya  jiwa  dan raga, maka lahirlah aliran eksistensialisme. Pluralisme, yang ada terdiri atas banyak unsur, yang ada adalah sesuatu yang tidak dapat diketahui, maka melahirkan aliran agnostisme. Persoalan kedua, “di mana yang ada”, jawabannya adalah yang bersemayam dalam dunia ide, bersifat abstrak, tetap, dan abadi. Yang ada bermukim di dunia ide yang bersifat kongkret dan individual, sehingga kebenarannya terbatas dan berubah-ubah. Persoalan ketiga, “apakah kebenaran itu”, jika yang dimaksud kebenara itu kekal dan abadi, maka itu adalah  Tuhan.  Akan  tetapi,  jika  kebenarannya  berubah-ubah, maka persoalannya adalah bagaimana perubahan itu dan apa yang menentukan perubahan itu.Kata Kunci: Ontologi, Filsafat, Ada, Hakikat, Metafisika.
EPISTEMOLOGI ILMU HUDHURI MULLA SHADRA FATHUL MUFID
Al Qalam Vol 29 No 2 (2012): May - August 2012
Publisher : Center for Research and Community Service of UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten-Serang City-Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (967.827 KB) | DOI: 10.32678/alqalam.v29i2.866

Abstract

Discussion on knowledge of hudhuri (knowledge by present) is an interesting topic in studying the history of philosophical thoughts or mysticism in Islam. Epistemologically, the knowledge of hudhuri is a farm of knowledge directly obtained by human from God, without involving the works of human's reasons conceptionally and human 's senses visually, but through involving the sanctity of human's soul (qalb). The criteria of the truth of this kind of knowledge is free from dualism between the truth and the mistakes. The concept of knowledge of hudhuri in the discourse of Islamic sciences has been explisitly formulated by Suhrawardi al-Maqtul, and then discussed by Mulla Shadrd. Before discussed by both Muslim thinkers, this concept has been also discussed by oleh al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, al-Ghazali, Ibn Rusyd, and Ibn 'Arabi by using different terms. Mulla Shadrd as a figure who Jives longest of the others, when he formulated the concept of knowledge of hudhuri, was possibly influenced by the previous concepts. Hence, it is so interesting to study it comprehensively and systematically. Key Words: Mulla Shadrd, Knowledge of hudhuri: epistemology, knowledge, and qalb.
PERKEMBANGAN ONTOLOGI DALAM FILSAFAT ISLAM Fathul Mufid
Jurnal Penelitian Vol 7, No 2 (2013): Jurnal Penelitian
Publisher : LP2M IAIN kUDUS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/jupe.v7i2.815

Abstract

THE ONTOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY. The primary basis in the study of ontology is what it is, where it exists and, what the truth is. The fundamental and profound of these issues, so that people are faced with different answers. The first question, “what is there”, gives different answers according to their beliefs. Monism, which is only one and that one was spirit and ideas, then gave the flow of spiritualism and idealism. But if that one is full of material, then gave materialism. Dualism, that is round two, for example, body and soul, it gives the existentialism flow. Pluralism, that is composed of  many elements, there is something that cannot be known, then gave the flow of agnosticism. The second problem, “where it exists”, the answer is that dwells in the world of  ideas, abstract, fixed and immutable. That is living in the world of  ideas that are concrete and individual, so that the truth is limited and changeable. The third issue, “what the truth is”, if  the truth is eternal and immortal, then it is God. However, if the truth is capricious, then the problem is how to change it and what determines the change.Keywords: Ontology, Philosophy, Existence, Essence, Metaphysics.Dasar  utama  dalam  kajian  ontologi  adalah  apa  yang  ada,  di mana yang ada dan, apa itu kebenaran. Sedemikian mendasar dan mendalamnya persoalan-persoalan ini, sehingga manusia dihadapkan pada  jawaban-jawaban  yang  berbeda.  Persoalan  pertama,  “apa yang ada”, memberikan jawaban yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan keyakinan mereka. Monisme, yang ada hanya satu dan yang satu itu serba spirit dan ide, maka melahirkan aliran spiritualisme dan idealisme. Tetapi jika yang satu itu serba materi, maka melahirkan materialisme.  Dualisme,  yang  ada  serba  dua,  misalnya  jiwa  dan raga, maka lahirlah aliran eksistensialisme. Pluralisme, yang ada terdiri atas banyak unsur, yang ada adalah sesuatu yang tidak dapat diketahui, maka melahirkan aliran agnostisme. Persoalan kedua, “di mana yang ada”, jawabannya adalah yang bersemayam dalam dunia ide, bersifat abstrak, tetap, dan abadi. Yang ada bermukim di dunia ide yang bersifat kongkret dan individual, sehingga kebenarannya terbatas dan berubah-ubah. Persoalan ketiga, “apakah kebenaran itu”, jika yang dimaksud kebenara itu kekal dan abadi, maka itu adalah  Tuhan.  Akan  tetapi,  jika  kebenarannya  berubah-ubah, maka persoalannya adalah bagaimana perubahan itu dan apa yang menentukan perubahan itu.Kata Kunci: Ontologi, Filsafat, Ada, Hakikat, Metafisika.
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