Tjahjono Kuntjoro
Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang

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Factors Affecting Village Midwives Work Performance in Conducting Early Detection of High Risk Pregnancy in the Antenatal Care in South Bengkulu District Harlen Yunita; Tjahjono Kuntjoro; Cahya Tri Purnami
Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Indonesia Vol 1, No 2 (2013): Agustus 2013
Publisher : Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (672.887 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jmki.1.2.2013.%p

Abstract

Pelayanan antenatal adalah memberikan pelayanan kesehatan bagi ibu hamil dan janinnya sesuai standar minimal 7T serta minimal empat kali pemeriksaan selama kehamilan. Standar waktu tersebut untuk menjamin perlindungan kepada ibu hamil, berupa deteksi dini faktor risiko, pencegahan dan penanganan komplikasi. Berdasarkan cakupan Pemantauan Wilayah Setempat Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (PWS-KIA), angka kematian ibu dan bayi serta survei awal terhadap bidan desa disimpulkan bahwa masih rendahnya kineja bidan desa.Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kinerja bidan desa dalam deteksi dini resiko tinggi ibu hamil pada pelayanan antenatal. Jenis penelitian bersifat explanatory research dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur danobservasi. Populasi penelitian adalah bidan desa, dengan sampel 93 responden diambil denganteknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 73,1% bidan desa pada rentangumur 25-35 tahun dan 37,6% rentang masa kerja 36-60 bulan. Analisis bivariat dengan tabulasisilang dan uji Pearson Product Moment menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengankinerja yaitu pengetahuan (ρ=0,000), motivasi (ρ=0,004), persepsi supervisi bidan koordinator(ρ=0,016), persepsi beban kerja (ρ=0,047). Analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistikberganda menunjukkan adanya pengaruh bersama-sama variabel pengetahuan dan saranaprasarana dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 dan R2 0,394, berarti 39,4% variabel kinerja dapatdijelaskan oleh variasi dari kedua variabel tersebut. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten diharapkanmemberi pelatihan, melengkapi sarana prasarana bidan desa sebelum bekerja di desa,membentuk tim atau panitia sebagai wadah konsultasi. Puskesmas agar melengkapi saranapendokumentasian, kepala puskesmas dan bidan koordinator aktif mengadakan pembinaan. Antenatal care provided health service for pregnant women and their fetuses according to theminimum standard of 7T, and minimum of four examinations during pregnancy. These standards were intended to assure protection to pregnant women, such as risk factors early detection,complication prevention and management. Based on the coverage of maternal and children local area monitoring (PWS-KIA), maternal and infant mortality rates, and preliminary survey to village midwives, it was concluded that work performance of village midwives was still inadequate. Objective of this study was to identify factors affecting work performance of village midwives in conducting early detection of high risk pregnancy in the antenatal care. This was an explanatory research with cross sectional approach. Data were collected using structuredquestionnaire and observation. Study population was village midwives. Samples consisted of 93respondents who were selected using simple random sampling technique. Results of the studyshowed that 73.1% of village midwives’ age were in the range of 25-35 years old, and 37.6% of village midwifes duration of work were in the range of 36-60 months. Bivariate analysis withcross tabulation and Pearson Product Moment test indicated that variables related to workperformance were knowledge (p= 0.000), motivation (p= 0.004), perception on supervision ofcoordinator midwives (p= 0.016), and perception on workload (p= 0.047). Multivariate analysisusing multivariate logistic regression test indicated common effect of knowledge and facilitiesvariables with significance value of 0.000 and r 2 = 0.394; it meant that 39.4% of workperformance variable could be explained by variation of those two variables. District healthoffice is expected to provide training, to complete facilities for village midwives before startingto work in the village; to form team or committee as a consultation place. Puskesmas is expected to complete documentation facilities; head of puskesmas and coordinator midwives are advised to actively doing supervision.
Analysis of Factors Associates to the Incidence of Pulmonary TB Patients Drop Out in Primary Healthcare Centers in Sorong Papua Barat Lopulalan Octovianus; Suhartono Suhartono; Tjahjono Kuntjoro
Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Indonesia Vol 3, No 3 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (376.049 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jmki.3.3.2015.%p

Abstract

ABSTRAK Data Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Papua Barat tentang kasus baru TB Paru dari tahun ke tahun terus meningkat, walau pelaksanaan program pemberantasan TB Paru terus ditingkatkan. Dari data BP2PL Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Papua Barat tahun 2009 ditemukan 2462 penderita baru BTA positif. Dari jumlah tersebut yang drop out 337 penderita, dan pada tahun 2010 ditemukan 2476 kasus BTA Positif dan dari jumlah tersebut drop out 441 penderita. Berdasarkan hasil survey pendahuluan yang dilakukan pada puskesmas di kota sorong, pada tahun 2008 ditemukan jumlah penderita baru TB Paru BTA positif 87 penderita. Dari jumlah tersebut yang diobati hingga sembuh sebanyak 20 penderita, yang drop out sebanyak 64 penderita. Tahun 2009 ada peningkatan penderita baru yakni sebanyak 108 penderita, yang sembuh 28 penderita yang drop out 61 penderita. Dan tahun 2010 ditemukan sebanyak 103 penderita baru BTA positif, yang sembuh 27 penderita dan yang drop out 55 penderita. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang ada hubungannya dengan kejadian drop out pada penderita TB Paru yang sedang menjalani pengobatan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data melalui metode wawancara dengan bantuan kuisioner terstruktur pada semua penderita yang berobat pada puskesmas kota Sorong. Jumlah sampel 50 penderita yang drop out dan 50 penderita yang berobat teratur dan sembuh di Puskesmas Kota Sorong. Analisis univariat dilakukan dengan deskriptif frekwensi, analisis bivariat dengan uji Chy Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan kejadian DO (p=0,001). Ada hubungan antara Motivasi dengan kejadian DO (p=001). Ada hubungan antara peran PMO dengan kejadian DO (p=0,001). Ada hubungan antara Akses dengan kejadian DO (p=0,001). Ada hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kejadian DO (p=0,001) Tidak ada hubungan antara umur dengan kejadian DO (p=0,356). Tidak ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian DO (p=0,156). Tidak ada hubungan antara pendidikan dengan kejadian DO (p=0,453). Dapat disimpulkan variabel yang ada hubungan dengan kejadian drop out adalah pengetahuan, motivasi,peran PMO,. Akses serta dukungan keluarga. Saran bagi Dinas Kesehatan meningkatkan frekwensi penyuluhan, pemutaran film dukumenter tentang penyakit menular, dan jangka panjang pengadaan puskesmas pembantu serta pengaktipan kembali kader kesehatan desa.Kata kunci : Drop Out, TB ParuABSTRACTData from health office of West Papua province regarding new cases of tuberculosis (TB) indicated that the number of cases increased although lung TB control program was improved. Data from BP2PL of West Papua health office in 2009 showed that 2462 new cases of positive fast acid bacilli (BTA) were found; among them, 337 patients were dropout. In 2010, 2476 cases with positive BTA were found, and among them 441 patients were dropout. Based on preliminary survey done in Sorong city primary healthcare centers, in 2008, 87 new lung TB cases with positive BTA were found. Among them, 20 patients were treated and cured, 64 patients were dropout. In 2009, there was an increase in the number of new cases, which were 108 patients. Among them, 28 patients were cured, and 61 patients were dropout. In 2010, 103 new cases with positive BTA were found; among them, 27 patients were cured, and 55 patients were dropout. The objective of this study was to identify factors related to the occurrence of drop out among lung TB patients who were in the treatment program. This was a quantitative study with cross sectional approach. Data were collected using interview method supported by structured questionnaire. Study population was all patients visited in the Sorong city primary healthcare centers. Study samples were 50 dropout patients and 50 patients who sought for medication regularly and cured in primary healthcare centers in Sorong city. Frequency distributions were presented for univariate analysis, and chi square test was applied for bivariate analysis. Results of the study showed that there was association between knowledge and dropout occurrence (p= 0.001).Motivation was associated with dropout occurrence (p= 0.001). The role of PMO was associated with drop out occurrence (p= 0.001). Accessibility was associated with dropout occurrence (p= 0.001). Family support was associated with dropout occurrence (p= 0.001). No association between age and dropout occurrence (p= 0.356), between sex and dropout occurrence (p= 0.156), between education and dropout occurrence (p= 0.453). In conclusion, variables related to dropout occurrence are knowledge, motivation, roles of PMO, accessibility, and family support. Suggestions for district health office are to increase education frequency, playing documentary movies about infectious diseases. Long term suggestions are to build supporting primary health care center, and to reactivate village health cadres.Keywords : Dropout, lung TB
Evaluation of the Implementation of Posyandu (Integrated Service Center) Development Policy by Operasional Working Group (Pokjanal) City of Banjarmasin South Kalimantan Province (Case Study in The District of East Banjarmasin) Anggrita Sari; Lucia Ratna Kartika; Tjahjono Kuntjoro
Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Indonesia Vol 1, No 3 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (344.068 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jmki.1.3.2013.%p

Abstract

Sejak tahun 2010 di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Timur telah ditetapkan pengurus Pokjanal kecamatan berdasarkan SK No 10/2010 tentang pengurus Pokjanal kecamatan, tetapi masih ditemukan bahwa peran dan fungsinya  belum berjalan secara maksimal.. Tujuan penelitian ini  menjelaskan evaluasi pelaksanaan kebijakan pembinaan Posyandu oleh Pokjanal yang dilihat dari aspek output, Input dan proses pembinaan.    Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan waktu cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam  pada 4 orang pengurus Pokjanal kecamatan sebagai Informan utama, dan 10 orang sebagai informan triangulasi. Analisa data menggunakan metode content analysisHasil penelitian menunjukkan  Pokjanal kecamatan secara organisatoris sudah dibentuk,  tetapi berdasarkan evaluasi yang dilakukan dari aspek output ditemukan tidak ada kelengkapan data dan Informasi, tidak pernah dilakukan analisis masalah dan intervensi, tidak pernah menyusun rencana tahunan dan penjadwalan kegiatan pembinaan, kegiatan koordinasi dan laporan hasil kegiatan tidak pernah dilakukan. Aspek Input  dilihat dari SDM, Sarana/prasarana serta Pendanaan  tidak berjalan sesuai dengan peran dan fungsinya dalam pembinaan Posyandu dan aspek proses berupa pengumpulan data, informasi dan analisis masalah tidak pernah dilakukan. Penyusunan rencana tahunan,  pemantauan serta evaluasi kegiatan juga tidak berjalan sesuai dengan fungsinya karena tidak ada sosialisasi dan  petunjuk teknis yang dijadikan pedoman kerja sehingga tidak ditemukan dokumen laporan  kegiatan Pokjanal. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah tidak berfungsinya organisasi Pokjanal  dilihat dari aspek  output  bahwa kegiatan pembinaan Posyandu belum berjalan, aspek input  tidak berfungsi sesuai perannya dan aspek proses tidak dilakukan sesuai dengan pedoman Pokjanal. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah perlu komitmen dan ketegasan dari stakeholder serta perlu optimalisasi koordinasi dan komunikasi lintas sektor dan program.Since 2010, in East Banjarmasin sub-district, members of sub-district operational team work (pokjanal) had been established based on the decree no. 10/2010 regarding sub-district Pokjanal board member. The role and function of this pokjanal was not maximal. Objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of posyandu supervision by pokjanal based on supervision output, input, and process aspects.This was a descriptive-qualitative study with cross sectional approach. Data collection was done using in-depth interview technique on four sub-district pokjanal board members as main informants. Triangulation informants consisted of ten people. Content analysis was applied in the data analysis. Results of the study showed that sub-district pokjanal was established. However, based on evaluation on output aspect, it was found that completeness of data and information were insufficient; problem analysis and intervention were not done; annual planning and supervision activity schedule formulation were not performed; coordination activity and report of activities results were not done. Input aspect: human resource, facilities, and funding were not provided according to the role and function of pokjanal in implementing the supervision. Process aspect: data collection, information, and problem analysis were not done. Annual plan formulation, monitoring and activity evaluation were not implemented according to pokjanal function. This was caused by no socialization and technical guidance that could assist the work of pokjanal; therefore, no pokjanal activity report documents were found.Conclusion of this study was that Pokjanal organization did not function properly. Reasons for this condition could be viewed from output aspect: posyandu supervision activity was not done; input aspect: Pokjanal did not function according to their role; process aspect was not implemented according to the pokjanal guideline. It is suggested that stakeholder commitment and clarity are needed; cross sectors and cross programs coordination and communication should be optimized.