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All Journal Jurnal Kelautan Tropis
Nuril Azhar
Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro

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Potency of Chitosan and Chitooligochitosan (COS) as Prebiotics for Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus Probiotics Ervia Yudiati; Sri Sedjati; Adha Susanto; Nuril Azhar; Rabia Alghazeer
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 24, No 1 (2021): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v24i1.9925

Abstract

Lately, chitosan as a result of chitin deacetilation has known as potencial compound as food industry, pharmacy and environmental agents. The weakness of chitosan is the low water solubility and high viscosity. The size reduction by cutting the β-1, 4 glicosidic bond to improve the bioactivity is the alternative solution. This research aims to find out the addition of chitosan and COS for the Streptococcus thermophillus FNCC – 0041 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus FNCC – 0040 probiotics bacteria culture. S. thermophillus and L. bulgaricus were cultured in the MRS Broth media with addition of Commercial Chitosan (CC), Commercial Oligochitosan (COC), Self-production Chitosan (PC) and Self-production Oligochitosan (POC) in different doses (0.05; 0.1; and 0.2 mg.ml-1). Percentage DD on those treatments was similar. The spectra vibration of  The FT-IR analysis of PC and POC were fit to the CC and COC. In chitosan treatments, the best growth of S. thermophilus was reached at 0.2 mg/mL PC, while in chitooligochitosan was from 0.20 mg/mL COC treatments, respectively. The addition of different type of chitosan have a significant effect (p<0.05) to the growth of S. thermophillus, but have not resulted the significant effect to the L. bulgaricus (p>0.05) growth. So, therefore the addition of chitosan and COS as prebiotics for the probiotics were in dose dependant manner. Compare to chitosan commercial, our chitosan production have a good potency to be developed.
Sensitivity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi Against Chloroxylenol (4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol , C8H9ClO) Antiseptic and Pine Oil Disinfectant Subagiyo Subagiyo; Ervia Yudiati; Nuril Azhar; Rabia Alghazeer
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 23, No 3 (2020): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v23i3.9126

Abstract

Vibrio spp. genus is known as a marine indigeneous bacteria. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and  V. harveyi are pathogenic Vibrio. This study aims to assess the sensitivity of three Vibrio species (V parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi) isolated from shrimp pond against two type of disinfectant with different active compound namely Chloroxylenol (4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, C8H9ClO) and pine oil. The assessment was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods in Zobell agar media with two different concentration (10 and 100 ppm) and replicated in three times. Sensitivity of Vibrio spp. was analized based on the inhibition zone activity produced by disinfectant. Results showed that sensitivity of Vibrio spp. against disinfectant Chloroxylenol 4.8% at 100 ppm were higher than 10 ppm. The increment of V parahaemolyticus was 182 %, V. vulnificus was 47 % and V. harveyi was 43 %, respectively.  Susceptibility of antiseptic with Chloroxylenol 4.8% at 100 ppm was arised to 152 % (V. parahaemolyticus), 43 % (V. vulnificus) and 31 % (V. harveyi) when compared to 2.5% pine oil disinfectant. It can be concluded that Chloroxylenol  4,8 % active compound and pine oil were able to inhibit the Vibrio spp. growth. 
Bioenkapsulasi Naupli Artemia dengan Spirulina sp. dan Resistensinya terhadap Bakteri Vibrio spp. Sri Sedjati; Ervia Yudiati; Endang Supriyantini; Nuril Azhar; Chika Velita Anindya Yulian
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 25, No 1 (2022): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v25i1.12763

Abstract

Artemia is usually given as live feed in shrimp and fish hatcheries. Bioencapsulation of Artemia with Spirulina sp. is thought to increase disease resistance. One disease that often harms aquaculture is infection by Vibrio. The study aimed to determine the significance of artemia's nauplii biocapsulation to increased resistance against infection by Vibrio spp. The research method used is experimental laboratories with a non-parametric approach. The resistance variable is measured as the survival rate. Bioencapsulation of Artemia uses 4 levels of Spirulina sp. concentration: 0 (control), 300, 600, 900 mg/L, while the challenge test uses 8 levels of Vibrio: Non-Vibrio (control), Vibrio vulnificus (Vv), V. harveyi (Vh), V. parahaemolyticus (Vp), a combination of the two: (Vv+Vh), (Vv+Vp), (Vh+Vp), as well as a combination of the three: (Vh+Vp+Vv). Kruskal Wallis test was conducted to find out the difference in artemia survival rates between groups, then the U Mann-Whitney test to find out pairs between groups that have significant differences. Kruskal Wallis analysis showed only spirulina sp concentrations that produce a significant effect (p=0.00) on the survival rate of nauplii Artemia, while Vibrio spp. have no effect (p=0.32). Based on the U Mann-Whitney test, all spirulina sp concentration groups are significantly different from control (p<0.05), and only the group 300 to 600 mg/L is not different (p=0.42). Spirulina sp. 300 mg/L can increase survival rates to 77.92%, 600 mg/L to 77.50%, and 900 mg/L to 66.67%. In conclusion, it is optimal to increase Artemia's resistance to Vibrio spp. can be done with bioencapsulation of Spirulina sp. 300 mg/L.  Artemia biasa diberikan sebagai pakan hidup pada usaha pembenihan udang maupun ikan. Bioenkapsulasi Artemia dengan Spirulina sp. diduga dapat meningkatkan resistensi terhadap penyakit. Salah satu penyakit yang sering merugikan usaha akuakultur adalah infeksi oleh bakteri Vibrio. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat signifikansi bioenkapsulasi naupli Artemia terhadap peningkatan resistensi melawan infeksi oleh Vibrio spp. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental laboratoris dengan pendekatan non-parametrik. Variabel resistensi diukur sebagai tingkat kelangsungan hidup. Bioenkapsulasi Artemia menggunakan 4 taraf konsentrasi Spirulina sp.: 0 (kontrol), 300, 600, 900 mg/L,sedangkan uji tantang menggunakan 8 taraf jenis Vibrio: Non-Vibrio (kontrol), Vibrio vulnificus (Vv), V. harveyi (Vh), V. parahaemolyticus (Vp), kombinasi dari dua Vibrio: (Vv+Vh), (Vv+Vp), (Vh+Vp), serta kombinasi dari ketiganya: (Vh+Vp+Vv). Uji Kruskal Wallis dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kelangsungan hidup Artemia antar kelompok, selanjutnya dilakukan uji U Mann-Whitney untuk mengetahui pasangan antar kelompok yang memiliki perbedaan signifikan. Hasil analisis Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan bahwa hanya konsentrasi Spirulina sp. yang menghasilkan pengaruh signifikan (p=0,00) terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup naupli Artemia, sedangkan jenis Vibrio spp. tidak berpengaruh (p=0,32). Berdasarkan uji U Mann-Whitney, semua kelompok konsentrasi Spirulina sp berbeda secara signifikan terhadap kontrol (p<0,05), dan hanya kelompok. 300 terhadap 600 mg/Lyang tidak berbeda (p=0,42). Pemberian Spirulina sp. sebanyak 300 mg/Ldapat meningkatkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup menjadi 77,92%, 600 mg/Lmenjadi 77,50%, dan 900 mg/Lmenjadi 66,67%. Kesimpulannya, secara optimum untuk meningkatkan resistensi Artemia terhadap Vibrio spp. dapat dilakukan dengan bioenkapsulasi Spirulina sp. 300 mg/L. 
Co-Authors Adha Susanto Chika Velita Anindya Yulian Endang Supriyantini Ervia Yudiati Rabia Alghazeer Rabia Alghazeer Sri Sedjati Subagiyo Subagiyo