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Erni Martani
Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Herbisida Parakuat dalam Lahan Gambut: II. Pengaruhnya terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai Erni Martani; Bambang Hendro Sunarminto; Agus Supriyo; Sebastian Margino
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 7, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.10017

Abstract

Utilization of peat soil for agriculture faces several constraints, such as low soil fertility and pH value. No-tillage agricultural system in peat land needs application of herbicides, for example herbicides with paraquat as active agent. This research was conducted to study the influence of paraquat on the growth and yield of soybean in peat. Peat soil from Central Kalimantan Province was obtained for this study. Due to the requirement of the plant, the soil was treated with lime and NPK-fertilizers. The results showed that paraquat significantly inhibited vegetative growth and decreased soybean production. These phenomena were found in early and advanced decomposed peat soil. Enhancement of vegetative growth and yield were detected when peat was treated with lime and or fertilizers. Liming treatment also supported the formation of root nodules. Inspite of increasing the growth of soybean, lime and fertilizers addition in peat was able to neutralize the negative effect of paraquat on the growth and yield of soybean. The best growth and yield of soybean were found in early decomposed peat soil, i.e. fibric peat soil.
Paraquat Toxicity on Root Nodule Formation on Macroptiliuma tropurpureum Urb. and Its Corelation with Population of Rhizobium sp. Erni Martani; Sebastian Margino; Medhina Magdalena
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 10, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12119

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the paraquat toxicity toward root nodulation by Rhizobium on Macroptilium atropurpureum as an indicator plant. The legume was grown in Thornton medium treated with several concentrations of paraquat and inoculated with R.japonicum 143 (Rj-143) or Rhizobium sp. C-1.1. These bacteria represent cross-inoculation of soybean and cover-crops legumes, respectively. Nodule formation and Rhizobium population were measured periodically. At the end of planting time, nitrogenase activity of the nodules was analysis based on ARA (Acethylene Reduction Analysis) method. The results showed that nodules in plants inoculated with Rhizobium without addition paraquat, were formed within four weeks. There was no nodulation when paraquat was added. Paraquat was toxic to the plant, causing chlorosis, stunting, drying of the plant tissues, and death. The symptoms were detected at the second week after planting time. Paraquat also decreased Rhizobium population from 10^6 to 10^2 or 10^1 CFU/mL at 40 and 100 pp, respectively. These results depicted that paraquat disturbed the plant before nodulation, and at the same time Rhizobium populatin decreased until below minimal population required for nodulation. Therefore, the process of nodulation was disturbed, and in some treatments there was nodulation. It was concluded that paraquat was toxic to both plant and the Rhizobium, which cause nodulation failure.
Paraquat Toxicity on the Growth of Rhizobium sp. in a Synthetic Medium Erni Martani
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12366

Abstract

Toxicity of paraquat on the growth of several strains of Rhizobium sp. in Yeast Extract Mannitol medium was studied. Various concentrations of paraquat 100, ranged from O (control) to 100 ppm were applied. Qualitative examination was done using paper disc diffusion technique, and the quantitative examination was conducted based on the change in cell density in medium measured by plate count method.Qualitative data showed that effect or paraquat was species specific. Some strains of Rhizobium sp., namely Rhizobium sp. strain T-37 and QF, were tolerant to paraquat until100 ppm, but other strains were sensitive to paraquat, especially at high concentration.Quantitative examination to the sensitive strains shows that higher concentration of paraquat caused higher toxicity to the growth of Rhizobium. Rhizobium sp. strain G-69 and  G-182.paraquat addition at 100 ppm slightly decreased cell density from 10 to 10 CFU/mL. Rhizobium japonicum strains 143 and KS were tolerant to 20 and 40 ppm of paraquat; their cell density increased from 10^6 to a level of 10&7 or 10^8 CFU/mL depend on the strain. This level was not significantly lower than those in medium without paraquat, in which maximal population density reached to 10^8 or 10^9 CFU/mL. Addition of higher paraquat concentration damaged the cell of these strains, and caused population density increased specifically to a level of 10^1 CFU/mL. The data which showed that paraquat was toxic to Rhizobium sp. were important growth inhibitor, because growth inhibition of these bacteria may influence the formation of root nodule on leguminous plants, and in turn will decrease the yield. Due to widely applied paraquat in agricultural and plantation systems, and the role of Rhizobium in nitrigen fixation, these results are important for minimizing the impact of paraquat application.
Paraquat Herbicide in Peat Soil: I. Its Effects on the Dynamics of Microbial Population Sebastian Margino; Erni Martani; Bambang Hendro Sunarminto
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 6, No 2 (2000)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12386

Abstract

Paraquat has been used widely and periodically in peat soil. It is stable in acid environments, therefore its application in peat soil which represents an acid environment, might prolong its persistence. Liming treatment has known to reduce peat soil acidity. This research was conducted to study the effect of paraquat and liming treatments on the dynamics of microbial population in peat soil. Unlimed and limed peat soil were treated with paraquat to a final concentration of 20 ppm, and incubated for 2 months. Microbiological analysis, consisting of counting of bacterial, actinomycetes, and fungal population were done weekly. The changes of pH value and paraquat residue were also measured. The results showed that in unlimed peat soil, paraquat treatment did not influence microbial population. However, when paraquat was added into limed peat soil, the number of microbial population decreased; especially the population of bacteria. Liming treatment increased bacterial population and changed the population dynamics of actinomycetes. No significant difference of fungal population in peat soil treated with paraquat and lime. Additionally, there was no significant difference in paraquat resistance between limed and unlimed peat soil.
Co-Authors Agus Supriyo Bambang Hendro Sunarminto Medhina Magdalena Sebastian Margino