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H.-J. Duchstein
Institute of Pharmacy, University Hamburg, Germany
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Study of free/total morphine-ratio in blood after heroin intake as a tool to predict the outcome of heroin-intoxication I M.A.G. Wirasuta; H.-J. Duchstein; H. Kijewski
Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application Vol 1 No 1 (2012): Journal Pharmaceutical Science and Application
Publisher : Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (187.011 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/JPSA.2012.v01.i01.p01

Abstract

The time course of free/total morphine ratio (f/t M-ratio) after i.v. heroin administration in both healthy people and patients with liver or renal insufficiency was pharmacokinetically simulated. In the 502 cases of heroin consumption investigated in this study, the morphine blood levels and f/t M-ratio were registered, arranged, and statistically analysed. Total morphine blood levels in survivors and non survivors were 0.010-3.900 ?g/ml (with 0-0.275 ?g/ml of free morphine) and 0.010-8.570 ?g/ml (with 0-2.200 ?g/ml of free morphine), respectively. Therefore the respective ranges of f/t M-ratiolevels in survivors and in lethal cases were 0-0.786 and 0-0.935. Based on this simulation, the f/t M-ratio after heroin injection was determined by the time elapsed since the last dose and individual pharmacokinetics of heroin and its metabolites. This ratio is independent to the heroin dose. Keywords : Heroin; Morphine; Lethal intoxication; Pharmacokinetic simulation
Co-Authors H. Kijewski I Made Agus Gelgel Wirasuta