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STRATEGIES OF EXPRESSING WRITTEN APOLOGIES IN THE ONLINE NEWSPAPERS Wardoyo, Cipto
Journal on English as a Foreign Language (JEFL) Vol 4, No 2 (2014): JEFL
Publisher : IAIN (State Islamic Institute) Palangka Raya, Indonesia

Expressing apology is a universal activity although people have different strategies or ways to express the apology based on the culture, situation, and context. An apology has played a vital role in verbal politeness; it is certainly impolite when someone does not express an apology when he or she has commited an offence to the others. Apologies in the Pragmatic study is classified under speech act theory. An apology based on Searle (1969) is classified as expressive speech acts because it expresses speakerâs physiological attitude. An apology expresses speakerâs sorrow and regret because he/she has offended hearers or readers.Â This paper tries to discuss strategies of editors in expressing written apologies in the online newspaper. The objective of this paper is to explain what the strategies of written apologies are in the online newspaper. This study uses qualitative method; the writer chooses descriptive interpretative technique for analyzing data. There are four written apologies in the online neswpapers as data sources in this paper, the data are taken from The Jakarta Post, The Daily Express, The Sun, and Brisbane Times. The writer tries to describe and analyzes utterances in the data sources based on Olshtain & Cohen theory (1986). There are five main strategies in expressing apologies according to Olshtain & Cohen (1986); they are Illocutionary Force Indicating Device (IFID), expression responsibility, explanation/justification, offer repairs, and promise forbearance. The writer found that all of the written apologies used combination strategies, they used IFID by using performative verb: apologize and be sorry then followed by expression resposbility, explanation, offer repairs, and promise forbearance.Keywords: apologies, speech acts, politeness, pragmatics

Strategies of expressing written apologies in the online newspaper Cipto Wardoyo
Journal on English as a Foreign Language Vol 4, No 2 (2014): September
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Palangka Raya, Indonesia

Expressing apology is a universal activity although people have different strategies or ways to express the apology based on the culture, situation, and context. An apology has played a vital role in verbal politeness; it is certainly impolite when someone does not express an apology when he or she has commited an offence to the others. Apologies in the Pragmatic study is classified under speech act theory. An apology based on Searle (1969) is classified as expressive speech acts because it expresses speaker’s physiological attitude. An apology expresses speaker’s sorrow and regret because he/she has offended hearers or readers. This paper tries to discuss strategies of editors in expressing written apologies in the online newspaper. The objective of this paper is to explain what the strategies of written apologies are in the online newspaper. This study uses qualitative method; the writer chooses descriptive interpretative technique for analyzing data. There are four written apologies in the online neswpapers as data sources in this paper, the data are taken from The Jakarta Post, The Daily Express, The Sun, and Brisbane Times. The writer tries to describe and analyzes utterances in the data sources based on Olshtain & Cohen theory (1986). There are five main strategies in expressing apologies according to Olshtain & Cohen (1986); they are Illocutionary Force Indicating Device (IFID), expression responsibility, explanation/justification, offer repairs, and promise forbearance. The writer found that all of the written apologies used combination strategies, they used IFID by using performative verb: apologize and be sorry then followed by expression resposbility, explanation, offer repairs, and promise forbearance.

Positive Politeness on Strategies of Expressing Apologies by English Department Students of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Cipto Wardoyo
Buletin Al-Turas Vol 23, No 2 (2017): Buletin Al-Turas
Publisher : Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

This paper tries to describe the strategies of English department students in expressing apologies and their positive politeness strategy while expressing apologies. The data sources are students of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, the data are taken by using DCT (Discourse Completion Test). Students of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati use various strategies in expressing apologies when they express apologies to the lecturer for coming late to class; they tend to use IFID followed by the explanation and IFID followed by request. Moreover, when students express an apology to their friends, they use IFID + Promise and IFID+ Explanation. The strategies of expressing apologies to the parent show that the highest number of strategies in expressing apologies by students is IFID+ Explanation and IFID+ Responsibility + Explanation. Positive politeness strategy is performed by students by using the honorific “sir”. On the other hand, positive politeness strategy of expressing apology to a friend, the students use more intimacy words such as “bro, mate, friend”. Students who express an apology to parents tend to use intimacy words such as “Mom, Dad, and Mommy”.Keywords: pragmatics, politeness, speech acts, strategies of expressing apologies. AbstrakPenelitian ini mencoba mendeskripsikan strategi mahasiswa jurusan Bahasa Inggris dalam mengungkapkan permintaan maaf dan strategi kesantunan positif yang digunakan ketika melakukan tindak tutur meminta maaf. Sumber data siswa UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, datanya diambil dengan menggunakan DCT (Discourse Completion Test). Mahasiswa UIN Sunan Gunung Djati menggunakan berbagai strategi dalam mengungkapkan permintaan maaf. Ketika mereka mengungkapkan permintaan maaf kepada dosen karena datang terlambat mereka dominan menggunakan strategi IFID diikuti dengan penjelasan, dan IFID diikuti oleh permintaan. Ketika mahasiswa menyampaikan permintaan maaf kepada teman, mereka menggunakan IFID + Janji dan IFID + Penjelasan,. Ketika mahasiswa mengungkapkan permintaan maaf mereka lebih banyak menggunakan strategi IFID + penjelasan dan IFID+ tanggungjawab+ penjelasan. Strategi kesantunan positif dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dengan menggunakan kata "sir”. Di sisi lain, strategi kesantunan positif untuk mengekspresikan permintaan maaf kepada teman, para mahasiswa menggunakan kata-kata yang lebih intim seperti "bro, mate, friend", sedangkan ketika dengan orang tua mereka menggunakan “Mom, Dad dan Mommy” Kata kunci: pragmatik, kesantunan, tindak tutur, strategi permintaan maafDOI : 10.15408/bat.v23i2.5786

METODE DAN STRATEGI PENERJEMAHAN ISTILAH-ISTILAH PRAGMATIK DALAM BUKU “PRAGMATICS” KARYA GEORGE YULE KE DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA Cipto Wardoyo
Al-Tsaqafa : Jurnal Ilmiah Peradaban Islam Vol 13, No 02 (2016): Al-Tsaqafa: Jurnal Ilmiah Peradaban Islam
Publisher : Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/al-tsaqafa.v13i02.1984

This study tries to explain methods and strategies in translating pragmatic terms were used by translators in translating pragmatic terms. Source of data in this study was the book written by George Yule entitled “Pragmatics” (1996) which was translated into Indonesian language by Fajar Indah Wahyuni (2014).The writer in this research used the theory of translation method by Newmark (1988) and translation strategies by Vinay & Dalbernet (2000) and Baker (1992). The results of this study shows that the most dominant translation method was literal translation, it was 72 % from the total data, faithful translation method was 10%, semantic translation was 10%, free translation method was 5%, and communicative translation method was 3%. Moreover, strategies of translating pragmatic terms in the book "pragmatics" by George Yule the dominant strategy was naturalization strategy was 66% from the total data, Calque was 28%, transposition was 4%, and tranferency was 3%.

Pencampuran tradisi Upacara Selametan di Keraton Yogyakarta Cipto Wardoyo; Asep Sulaeman
Al-Tsaqafa : Jurnal Ilmiah Peradaban Islam Vol 14, No 1 (2017): al-Tsaqafa: Jurnal Ilmiah Peradaban Islam
Publisher : Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/al-tsaqafa.v14i1.1791

Dalam penelitian ini akan fokus pada terjadinya percampuran antara tradisi dan religi di keraton Yogyakarta. Termasuk didalamnya membahas nama-nama lukisan-lukisan dalam bangunan dan upacara-upacara yang mengandung adanya percampuran tradisi islam dan tradisi setempat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif. Data diambil dengan menggunakan teknik observasi yang dating langsung ke keratin jogyakarta serat membuat dokumen tengan adanya percampuran tradisi dan upacara-upacara dan aktifitasnya di keratin Yogyakarta. Pendekatan yang lainya dengan wawancara dengan pendekatan mewawancarai para petugas keratin atau keluarga keratin tentang nama-nama gedung lukisan dan nama beberapa upacara atau ritual. Ketiga dengan menggunakan studi pustaka yakni dengan mengkaji beberapa sumber rujukan tentan g lukisan, upacara, dan benda-benda bersejarah menggambarkan bahwa keratin jogyakarta masih berpegang teguh pada tradisi budaya. Aspek filosofis dalam penamaan bangunan lukisan dan upacara di kraton yogya sangat kental, sehingga setiap pengambilan nama gedung, raungan, bangsal di keratin mengandung fungsi makna atau filosofi berbeda-beda. Dalam tradisi keratin tersebut nilai –nilai islam menyatu dengan dengan tradisi local sehingga terjadi adanya percampulan tradisi, budaya antara tradisi jawa, Hindu, Budha, dan islam dalam nama upacara dan tradisi di keratin tersebut. Termasuk berdasarkan hasil observasi jumlah pohon beringin saja melambangkan usia rasul, serta pohon gayam pun berjumlah enam pohon melambangkan rukun iman. Lukisan dan ukiran ditiang-tiang bangsal keratin terdapat perpaduan antara budaya Hindu Budha dan Islam. Tempat upacara ritual Gerebeg dilaksanakan di beberapa bangsal atau bangunan untuk menyambut hari –hari besar islam.

TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF DALAM KHOTBAH JUMAT DI KOTA BANDUNG DAN SUKABUMI [Directive Speech Acts in Friday Sermons at Bandung and Sukabumi] Cipto Wardoyo; Lina Marlina
TOTOBUANG Vol. 7 No. 2 (2019): TOTOBUANG, EDISI DESEMBER 2019
Publisher : Kantor Bahasa Provinsi Maluku

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26499/ttbng.v7i2.162

Khotbah Jumat adalah rangkaian dari ibadah salat Jumat yang dilakukan oleh setiap muslim setiap pekan. Aspek kebahasaan dalam penyampaian khotbah Jumat sangat menarik untuk diteliti dan diulas lebih dalam dari sisi linguistik terutama dengan pendekatan pragmatik. Penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis penggunaan tindak tutur direktif yang terealisasi dalam khotbah Jumat di kota Bandung dan Sukabumi. Sumber data diambil dari rekaman dan observasi khotbah Jumat yang ada di beberapa masjid yang dipilih secara acak di kota Bandung dan Sukabumi. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa tindak tutur tutur khotbah dengan menggunakan bentuk ajakan terlihat lebih dominan dengan menggunakan kata “ayo, kita, ayo kita, mari”. Tuturan memerintah dengan beberapa pola: verba yang diikuti partikel “lah”, verba yang diberi sufiks “kan”, dan verba yang diikuti oleh sufiks “i”. Selanjutnya, tuturan melarang yang disampaikan oleh khotib secara lugas dengan kata “tak usah, tak perlu, jangan, jangan sekali-kali. Tuturan direktif tak langsung juga disampaikan sang khotib dilakukan dengan menggunakan kalimat berita dengan memberikan gambaran manfaat, keuntungan atau sesuatu yang akan diperoleh jikalau melakukan atau tidak melakukan sesuatu.Friday’s sermon is a series of weekly prayers performed by every Muslim . The linguistic aspects in delivering Friday sermon is fascinating to be discussed and analyzed deeply in terms of religious language, especially from the pragmatic point of view. This research tries to explain the use of directive speech act that realized in Friday sermon at Bandung and Sukabumi. Sources of data were taken randomly from the recording and observation of Friday sermon in several mosques in Bandung and Sukabumi. The result of data analysis shows that the speech act of Friday sermon which using the invitation forms is more dominant by some words, such as “ayo, kita, ayo kita, mari”. Directive speech acts use several imperative patterns such as verbs followed by "lah" particles, Verb followed by suffix "kan", and verbs followed by the suffix "i". Furthermore, the prohibition speech acts were directly deliveredthrough the words "“tak usah, tak perlu, jangan, jangan sekali-kali”. Indirect directive speech acts are also performed by the khotib by using the declarative sentence through providing an overview the benefits, advantages or something to be gained if doing or not doing something.

Strategies of expressing written apologies in the online newspaper Cipto Wardoyo
Journal on English as a Foreign Language Vol 4, No 2 (2014): Issued in September 2014
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Palangka Raya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23971/jefl.v4i2.77

Expressing apology is a universal activity although people have different strategies or ways to express the apology based on the culture, situation, and context. An apology has played a vital role in verbal politeness; it is certainly impolite when someone does not express an apology when he or she has commited an offence to the others. Apologies in the Pragmatic study is classified under speech act theory. An apology based on Searle (1969) is classified as expressive speech acts because it expresses speaker’s physiological attitude. An apology expresses speaker’s sorrow and regret because he/she has offended hearers or readers. This paper tries to discuss strategies of editors in expressing written apologies in the online newspaper. The objective of this paper is to explain what the strategies of written apologies are in the online newspaper. This study uses qualitative method; the writer chooses descriptive interpretative technique for analyzing data. There are four written apologies in the online neswpapers as data sources in this paper, the data are taken from The Jakarta Post, The Daily Express, The Sun, and Brisbane Times. The writer tries to describe and analyzes utterances in the data sources based on Olshtain & Cohen theory (1986). There are five main strategies in expressing apologies according to Olshtain & Cohen (1986); they are Illocutionary Force Indicating Device (IFID), expression responsibility, explanation/justification, offer repairs, and promise forbearance. The writer found that all of the written apologies used combination strategies, they used IFID by using performative verb: apologize and be sorry then followed by expression resposbility, explanation, offer repairs, and promise forbearance.

Fatherhood and family values in Indonesia and Norway: A cross-cultural review Keisha Kayla Shandy; Cipto Wardoyo
Lililacs Journal: English Literature, Language, and Cultural Studies Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Lililacs Journal
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21009/lililacs.052.04

This qualitative literature review compares how fathers shape family values in Indonesia and Norway. Guided by Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, this study synthesized literatures and policy reports to examine (1) fathers’ contributions to family values, (2) cross-cultural differences in paternal roles, and (3) the influence of societal norms and policies. Searches conducted in high-indexed journals from Scopus and Google Scholar by using combinations of keywords in both English and Indonesian. Inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as screening procedures are detailed in Research Method. Thematic synthesis identified that in Indonesia, collectivist and patriarchal norms position fathers chiefly as providers and moral authorities, with involvement shaped by urban-rural location, socioeconomic status, and evolving gender norms. Meanwhile, in Norway, egalitarian culture and policies (e.g., the “father’s quota”) support shared caregiving and strengthen paternal bonds. Evidence on father absence and family disruption indicates risks for child socio-emotional outcomes. This study discuss implications for culturally sensitive parenting supports and policy design.

SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE USE IN MOTIVATIONAL CONTENT ON THE @AFFIRMATION INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT Fahmi Luqman; Cipto Wardoyo; Dewi Kustanti
Esteem Journal of English Education Study Programme Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Esteem Journal of English Education Study Programme
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31851/pdg1qr67

This study investigates the linguistic meanings embedded in motivational content shared on the @affirmations Instagram account by examining both denotative and connotative layers of meaning. Adopting a descriptive qualitative design, the data were collected through document analysis of selected visual posts containing distorted imagery and accompanying textual elements. The findings indicate that the @affirmations account strategically combines unconventional and distorted visual representations with motivational language to critically engage with and subvert the ideology of “toxic positivity” prevalent in digital culture. This interplay between visual distortion and linguistic expression produces a “digital uncanny” effect, which serves to question the societal pressure for constant positivity and perfection in online environments, while simultaneously reframing personal struggles as ironic and reflective social commentary. Unlike previous studies that primarily emphasize persuasive or commercial functions of digital content, this research focuses on the semiotic role of language in constructing meaning within subversive motivational posts. By applying Roland Barthes’ concept of myth, the study extends its analytical scope to the notion of the “digital uncanny,” demonstrating how linguistic and visual elements collaboratively operate to critique ideals of digital perfectionism. This approach contributes to the development of a more nuanced semiotic framework for understanding how language in digital spaces is used to deconstruct dominant social narratives. Consequently, the study offers significant implications for digital media studies, cultural sociology, and semiotics, while also providing practical insights for content creators, digital marketers, educators, and mental health practitioners in interpreting Gen-Z digital culture and evolving perceptions of online well-being.

Women Politeness Strategies from Different Professions on a YouTube Dating Show Siska Ristanti; Cipto Wardoyo; Erfan Muhamad Fauzi
IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Lite
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v14i1.11437

This study examines the use of politeness strategies by women on the YouTube dating show Pop the Balloon or Find Love. This research is grounded in the critical role of politeness strategies in preserving interpersonal relationships and self-image within romantic interactions in digital public spaces. The objective of this study is to identify the types of politeness strategies used by women and to analyze variations in their use based on the participants’ professional backgrounds. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method using a directed qualitative content analysis approach based on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory of politeness strategies. A total of 153 utterances containing politeness strategies were successfully identified. The results indicate that all types of politeness strategies were present in the data, with positive politeness being the most dominant strategy, reflecting participants’ tendency to build interpersonal closeness and maintain a positive image of the interlocutor. Furthermore, variations in the use of politeness strategies were found based on profession, although the context of interaction and communication goals also influenced strategy selection. These findings suggest that professional background contributes to the tendency to use politeness strategies in digital romantic interactions.

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