Nur Gemilang Mahardhika
Faculty Of Law, Islamic University Of Indonesia

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An Epilogue To Bilateral Investment Treaties Regime And The Fate Of Foreign Investments Protection In Indonesia Nur Gemilang Mahardhika
Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Vol. 29 No. 1: JANUARI 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/iustum.vol29.iss1.art5

Abstract

Indonesia began its BITs termination movement in early 2014 by calling off the Netherlands-Indonesia BIT 1992. As of today, 29/55 of the country’s BITs that are in force have been terminated. By adopting the normative research method and utilising statutory and conceptual approaches, this paper examines two issues: first, mapping the landscape of international investment law in Indonesia in the epilogue of its long-standing BITs regime hence the probable government’s deliberations behind the action; and second, in what way would the BITs termination movement truly serve Indonesia’s national interests and benefit its economic development while promoting and protecting foreign investments – particularly on the core element of the investors’ direct right to investment arbitration. At last, the paper concludes its discussion by offering two answers: first, two lifeboats are reserved for the protection of the country’s present foreign investment, the implementation of “Sunset Cause” contained within Indonesia’s BITs as well as protectionism provisions under the country’s national investment law and other relevant regulations; and for the second, two diverged roads are laid out to choose for the protection of future foreign investments in Indonesia, the country’s Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) containing investment provisions or its newly born model BIT which, needless to say, at least the latter must be formulated with delicate manner if the goal is to prevail Indonesia’s interests.Key Words:  Bilateral Investment Treaties; foreign investors; investor-state contracts; new model BIT; Regional Trade Agreements; sunset clauseAbstrakIndonesia memulai gerakan terminasi BIT-nya sejak awal tahun 2014 dengan membatalkan BIT Belanda-Indonesia 1992. Sampai hari ini, dari total 55 BIT negara tersebut yang masih berlaku, 29  di antaranya telah dihentikan. Dengan mengadopsi metode penelitian normatif dan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, tulisan ini mengkaji dua masalah: pertama, pemetaan lanskap hukum investasi internasional di Indonesia dengan berakhirnya rezim BIT yang sudah berlangsung lama juga analisa kemungkinan pertimbangan-pertimbangan pemerintah di balik tindakan tersebut; dan kedua, dengan cara apa gerakan terminasi BIT ini dapat benar-benar melayani kepentingan nasional Indonesia dan menguntungkan pembangunan ekonominya namun pada saat yang bersamaan juga mempromosikan dan melindungi investasi asing – terutama pada elemen inti yakti hak langsung investor untuk mengajukan arbitrase. Sebagai penutup, makalah ini mengakhiri diskusinya dengan menawarkan dua jawaban: pertama, dua sekoci disediakan untuk melindungi investasi asing negara saat ini, yaitu penerapan “Sunset Cause” yang terkandung dalam BIT Indonesia serta pasal-pasal pelindung dalam UU Investasi negara tersebut serta peraturan terkait lainnya; dan untuk yang kedua, dua pilihan jalan ditawarkan untuk melindungi investasi asing di Indonesia di masa depan, yaitu Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) negara tersebut yang mengandung bab investasi atau model BIT baru yang akan lahir yang, tentunya, paling tidak yang terakhir ini harus dirumuskan secara hati-hati jika tujuannya adalah untuk memenangkan kepentingan Indonesia.Kata-kata Kunci:   Bilateral Investment Treaty; investor asing; perjanjian investor-negara; model BIT baru; Regional Trade Agreement; Sunset Clause
Liberalisation of Banking Services Under the Framework of Asean Economic Community: an Indonesian Perspective Nandang Sutrisno; Nur Gemilang Mahardhika
Hang Tuah Law Journal VOLUME 6 ISSUE 1, APRIL 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hang Tuah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30649/htlj.v6i1.65

Abstract

Among the ASEAN members, compared to other members, Indonesia is relatively more liberal in opening up international trade in financial services, especially in banking sector. Through its submission of CIO to the WTO in 2005, Indonesia to some degree offered certain liberalization of banking sector, together with some other services governed under the GATS. On the other hand, other members of ASEAN show their carefulness in liberalizing their banking sectors. As consequence, on one hand foreign banks have occupied nearly 50% of the Indonesian banking industry, and there are only a few units from Indonesia’s domestic banks that present in its ASEAN neighbours, on the other hand. Using normative method, this research elaborates on how Indonesia should strike a balanced stand between its over-liberalized banking sector and the reluctance of other members, while maintaining the GATS principle of “progressive development.” The authors concludes that one of the ways for Indonesia to flip the odds to be in its favour is by urging the implementation of the reciprocity principle in banking services in ASEAN, which additionally, will also stimulate the liberalisation schedule of the latter.