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Muhammad Ilyas

Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

Author-ID : 3108780

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Published : 3 Documents Claim Missing Document

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Articles

1

Examination of Salivary Cortisol as a Biomonitoring of Work-Related Stress Muhammad Reza Aditya; Muhammad Ilyas
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 11 No. 1 (2022): The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Stress is a condition that must bepaid attention to by workers and employers, 87% of the workers from Europe claimed that they suffered from stress in the workplace. In 2015 around 28% of the workers reported suffering from work-related stress, with 33% clinical manifestations of fatigue, 19% sleep disturbances and 18% anxiety. Impacts that can affect workers can be absenteeism, presenteeism, etc. This study aims to investigate salivary cortisol examination to examine work-related stress using the evidence-based case report method. Methods: A literature review was conducted on November 23, 2020 through searches on the PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases to find all published observational studies evaluating the relationship between salivary cortisol and work-related stress. Results: After screening using inclusion criteria and reducing the duplication of articles, 5 articles were obtained. Conclusion: it can be concluded that the salivary cortisol test tool can be used as an additional objective examination in order to check stress conditions in workers, in addition to a subjective examination like a questionnaire or anamnesis on workers. It is used for a biomonitoring effect and susceptibility biomonitoring. This salivary cortisol test can also be used to help determine stress levels in workers in order to detect early occupational diseases associated with psychosocial hazards.Keywords: biomonitoring, salivary cortisol, work-related stress

1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene as Biomonitoring of Occupational Exposure to Naphthalene Erwanda Desire Budiman; Muhammad Ilyas
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Naphthalene is a chemical exposure found in various industries, including in the manufacture of phthalic anhydride, synthetic resins, lubricants, mothballs, and used as fuel additives. The exposure to naphthalene in humans has several detrimental health effects such as hemolytic anemia, kidney and liver disorders. Therefore, biological monitoring is needed as a health surveillance of naphthalene exposure. Generally, the biomonitoring examination carried out for this is naphthol in the blood. However, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,2-DHN) is also known to be another major metabolite. Therefore, this literature review aims to determine whether 1,2-DHN can also be a reliable biomonitoring test on occupational exposure to naphthalene. Methods: PubMed, Proquest, and Google Scholar were used to conduct article searches. The articles were chosen based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected articles were then critically appraised. Results: Four cross-sectional articles examining 1,2-DHN in the urine of naphthalene-exposed workers were selected and reviewed. There was a similar result from all selected articles that elevated levels of 1,2-DHN in the urine, indicating workplace exposure to naphthalene. Moreover, apart from having a strong correlation with 1- and 2-naphthol, 1,2-DHN also has a high sensitivity compared to these established metabolites. Conclusion: Based on the articles obtained, 1,2-DHN can be a reliable biological monitoring for workers exposed to naphthalene. However, further research is still needed on other industries exposed to naphthalene and is needed to ascertain the correlation between external and internal exposure to naphthalene.

Biomonitoring of Nicotine Exposure in Tobacco Farmers with Green Tobacco Sickness Symptoms Yunita Fristiyanwati; Muhammad Ilyas
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 11 No. 3 (2022): The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Indonesia is the fifth tobacco producing country in the world. The climate and weather in Indonesia are very suitable for tobacco plantations. At harvest season, tobacco farmers face the risk of being exposed to nicotine compounds due to skin contact with tobacco leaves. This exposure can cause a syndrome known as Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, weakness, dizziness, headache, insomnia and loss of appetite. These symptoms are not specific enough to describe GTS, so biological monitoring is required. As one of the main metabolites, cotinine has been used as a biological marker to assess nicotine exposure. This study aims to examine the reliability of nicotine biomonitoring in tobacco farmers with symptoms of GTS. Methods: We searched the online electronic databases, namely PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus for appropriate evidence based material. We then made adjustments using the inclusion and exclusion critertia to then conduct a critical review of the selected articles. Results: We obtained four articles, consisting of 3 articles examining urinary cotinine as a biomarker of nicotine exposure, and another 1 article examining cotinine saliva. The articles gave us the similar pattern that in tobacco farmers with GTS symptoms there was an increase in cotinine levels, both measured in urine and saliva. Conclusion: Based on the articles obtained, cotinine, as a nicotine metabolite, can be a reliable biomarker assessing nicotine exposure in tobacco farmers with GTS symptoms. However, more research is needed to compare the best selection of biological samples such as urine, blood or saliva.

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