Susilawati Susilawati
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar

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RAYAP PADA TANAMAN PERKEBUNAN SERTA TEKNIK PENGELOLAANNYA / Termites on Plantation Crop And Its Management Technique Mahardika Puspitasari; Susilawati Susilawati; Nadzirum Mubin
Perspektif Vol 20, No 2 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/psp.v20n2.2021.121-132

Abstract

 ABSTRAKKopi, karet, dan kakao merupakan komoditas penting perkebunan di Indonesia. Dalam budidayanya, rayap merupakan salah satu hama penting yang menjadi kendala pada tanaman perkebunan dan dapat merugikan secara ekonomis Tulisan ini mengulas rayap sebagai hama pada tanaman kopi, karet, dan kakao, serta perkembangan pengendalian dan strategi pengelolaannya. Beberapa pendukung keberadaan rayap pada suatu areal perkebunan adalah cukup tersedianya bahan pada media tanam dan di sekitar tanaman. Gejala kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh rayap berupa gerekan pada batang dapat menyebabkan terganggunya tanaman yang berdampak pada terhambatnya pertumbuhan dan bahkan kematian tanaman. Pada perbenihan, serangan rayap sering menyebabkan kematian bibit. Teknik pengelolaan penting dalam pengendalian rayap secara kultur teknis adalah dengan menggunakan media pembibitan yang rendah bahan dan melakukan sanitasi lahan. Selain itu, penggunaan pestisida kimiawi ternyata masih menjadi andalan saat ini, sehingga dapat mencegah investasi rayap pada wilayah perkebunan dan dapat menekan tingkat kerusakan sebesar 70-100%. Namun, demikian untuk pengelolaan hama mendukung pertanian modern berkelanjutan, pengendalian rayap yang ramah lingkungan dengan basis pengendalian hayati dan nabati, yang saat ini telah banyak didukung hasil penelitian yang memadai, perlu dikembangkan dan diimplementasikan secara nyata dengan dukungan seluruh pihak.ABSTRACTCoffee, rubber, and cocoa are leading plantation commodities in Indonesia. In its cultivation, termites are one of the important pests that are a constraint on plantation crops and can be economically detrimental. One factor that supports the termites' activity in a plantation area is the availability of organic material. Symptoms of damage caused by termites are brittle stems that disrupt plants which cause stunted growth and even death of plants. The damage becomes serious in the stage of seedlings. Low organic matter media usage and field sanitation can reduce the termites' population. In addition, chemical pesticides are still a mainstay currently, so they can prevent termite investment in plantation areas and reduce damage levels by 70-100%. However, for pest management to support sustainable modern agriculture, environmentally friendly termite control based on biological and botanical control, which is completed by adequate research, needs to be developed and implemented in real terms with the support of all stakeholders.
Pengaruh keberadaan habitat alami terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serangga pengunjung bunga mentimun Susilawati Susilawati; Damayanti Buchori; Akhmad Rizali; Pudjianto Pudjianto
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 14 No 3 (2017): November
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (512.589 KB) | DOI: 10.5994/jei.14.3.152

Abstract

Presence of insects in agricultural habitat is affected by several factors such as natural habitat. The objective of this research was to study the effect of natural habitat on diversity and abundance of flower-visiting insects in cucumber fields. Ecological observation was conducted in 12 cucumbers fields located in regencies of Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi, West Java. Cucumber fields were categorized in two different distant form natural habitat i.e. near natural habitat (less than 200 m) and far from natural habitats (more than 1000 m). The observations of flower-visiting insects in cucumber fields were conducted by counting the number of flower-visiting insects that perched within 100 flowers in four different transects. The result showed that the presence of natural habitat affected species richness but not the abundance of flower-visiting insects in cucumber field. The dominant species of flower-visiting insects in cucumber fields were Aphis sp., Tapinoma sp. and Thrips parvispinus Karny, while the most dominant pollinator was Apis cerana Fabricius. The distance of natural habitat from farmland affected the presence of flower-visiting insects especially pollinator insects that provide important services on enhancing crop yield.