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Seni Hias Tempel Keramik Kesultanan Cirebon: Toleransi dalam Kebinekaan Naniek Harkantiningsih
Kapata Arkeologi Vol. 13 No. 2, November 2017
Publisher : Balai Arkeologi Maluku

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/kapata.v13i2.442

Abstract

The Sultanate of Cirebon is the center of the Islamic empire that grew from the 15th century, in fact not only grew in the religious, bureaucratic, and commercial sphere, but also established cooperation with the Dutch, especially in the early 18th century, even become to region of the territory of VOC until the Dutch East Indies government. One of the proofs of the relationship, is the form of ceramic tiles from the Netherlands which until now used as decoration wall of the palace, mosque, and tombs. The pattern of ceramic tiles is biblical story. The existence of ceramic tiles of the biblical story in Cirebon as an area of the Islamic empire that was very influential at that time, certainly be uniqueness. Therefore, the purpose of this papers is to know the reasons for the preservation of the ornamental art of ceramic outboard bible stories in the center of government and sacred buildings characterized by Islam. The method used is qualitative analysis, context analysis, and literature study. The preservation of this ornamental art may also be linked to the tolerance of diversity, which is the current government policy program. The use of ceramic outboard art of Biblical story, both in profane and sacred building makes one of the typical culture of Cirebon, because the people of Cirebon and the Sultanate relatives still maintain the unity and preserve the cultural heritage.Kesultanan Cirebon sebagai pusat kerajaan Islam yang berkembang dari abad ke-15an, pada kenyataannya tidak hanya tumbuh dalam lingkup keagamaan, birokrasi, dan perniagaan, tetapi juga menjalin kerjasama dengan Belanda. Terutama pada awal abad ke-18an, bahkan menjadi wilayah kekuasaan VOC hingga pemerintahan Hindia Belanda. Salah satu bukti hubungan itu, berupa tegel keramik asal Belanda yang hingga kini dipakai sebagai hiasan tembok keraton, masjid, dan makam. Tegel keramik tersebut bermotifkan cerita Alkitab. Keberadaan tegel keramik cerita Alkitab di Cirebon sebagai wilayah kerajaan Islam yang sangat berpengaruh pada masa itu, tentu menjadi keunikan. Tujuan penulisan ini yaitu, mengetahui alasan pelestarian seni hias tempel keramik cerita Alkitab di pusat pemerintahan dan bangunan sakral bercirikan Islam. Metode yang digunakan ialah analisis kualitatif, analisis konteks, dan studi kepustakaan. Pelestarian seni hias ini mungkin dapat pula dihubungkan dengan toleransi kebinekaan, yang menjadi program kebijakan pemerintah saat ini. Penggunaan seni hias tempel keramik cerita Alkitab, baik di bangunan profan maupun sakral menjadikan salah satu budaya khas Cirebon, karena masyarakat Cirebon dan kerabat Kesultanan masih menjaga keutuhan dan melestarikan tinggalan budaya tersebut.
PENGARUH KOLONIAL DI NUSANTARA Naniek Harkantiningsih
KALPATARU Vol. 23 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstract

Colonial Influence in Nusantara. Archipelago is a source of spices and other natural products, in this time the commodity highly sought by Asian and European nations. In the 16th Century of the archipelago waters began explored European merchant ships, the strength of Europe’s shipping and trade dominate Southeast Asian waters, including the archipelago until the mid 20th Century, was marked by the arrival of the Japanese colony. This is where the role of the commencement of the foreign colony in the archipelago. Expedition, commercial activity, and they do politics can be traced through historical records and archaeological evidence, so many and scattered in the archipelago. In this paper, will specifically address the colonial traces in several places in the archipelago. Exploratory and descriptive stages in the collection and processing of data, then look at the pattern of spreading and compare the character and chronology of colonial archaeological evidence found. The existence of the source of the spice, in the archipelago, can be attributed not only as evidence of trade links between producer and consumer, but also as evidence of the existence of the foreign community in the archipelago. Span of the history of the foreign colony in the archipelago long enough for more than three centuries. In periods in which the role and orientation of their activities, can be seen clearly based on the object of study, character, pattern of distribution, function and chronology of the existence of the foreign colony in the archipelago. Nusantara merupakan sumber rempah-rempah dan hasil alam lainnya, pada masanya komoditi tersebut sangat dicari oleh bangsa Asia dan Eropa. Sekitar abad ke-16 M. perairan Nusantara mulai dijelajahi kapal-kapal dagang Eropa, kekuatan pelayaran dan perdagangan Eropa ini mendominasi perairan Asia Tenggara termasuk Nusantara hingga pertengahan abad ke- 20 M., ditandai dengan kedatangan koloni Jepang. Dari sinilah dimulainya peranan koloni asing di Nusantara. Ekspedisi, aktivitas komersial, dan politik yang mereka lakukan dapat ditelusuri melalui catatan sejarah dan bukti arkeologi, yang banyak dan tersebar di Nusantara. Dalam tulisan ini, secara khusus akan membahas jejak peninggalan kolonial di beberapa tempat di Nusantara. Tahapan eksplorasi dan deskriptif dalam pengumpulan dan pengolahan data, kemudian melihat pola persebarannya dan membandingkan karakter serta kronologi bukti-bukti arkeologi kolonial yang ditemukan. Keberadaan sumber rempah-rempah, di Nusantara, dapat dikaitkan bukan hanya sebagai bukti adanya jaringan perdagangan antara negara produsen dan konsumen, tetapi juga sebagai bukti keberadaan komunitas asing di wilayah Nusantara. Rentang waktu sejarah koloni asing di Nusantara lebih dari tiga abad. Dalam periode dimana peran dan orientasi kegiatan mereka, dapat diketahui secara jelas berdasarkan obyek kajian, karakter, pola persebaran, fungsi dan kronologi keberadaan koloni asing di Nusantara.