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Patogenisitas Cendawan Entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana terhadap Serangga Nezara viridula (L.) pada Stadia yang Berbeda Mega Mahrani Nasution; Muhammad Sayuthi; Hasnah Hasnah
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian Vol 8, No 1 (2023): Februari 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (437.7 KB) | DOI: 10.17969/jimfp.v8i1.21966

Abstract

Abstrak. Beauveria bassiana merupakan salah satu cendawan entomopatogen yang sering dimanfaatkan sebagai bioinsektisida dalam mengendalikan serangga hama pada tanaman budidaya. Nezara viridula merupakan salah satu hama utama pada tanaman polong-polongan yang merusak tanaman dengan menusukkan stiletnya pada buah atau biji kemudian menghisap cairannnya sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan hasil hingga 80% bahkan dapat mengalami puso apabila tidak dilakukan pengendalian. Pengendalian hama dengan memanfaatkan cendawan entomopatogen diharapkan dapat mengendalikan serangga hama N. viridua pada stadia yang berbeda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi cendawan B. bassiana yang efektif dalam mengendalikan hama serangga N. viridula. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu kerapatan konidia cendawan B. bassiana dengan 4 taraf yaitu K1 (102 cfu), K2 (104 cfu), K3 (106 cfu), dan K4 (108 cfu), serta stadia perkembangan serangga yaitu: S1 (Nimfa instrar 2), S2 (Nimfa instrar 4), S3 (imago), sehingga diperoleh 12 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 2 ulangan serta didapat 24 unit percobaan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi masa inkubasi cendawan B. bassiana pada N. viridula (hari), gejala yang ditimbulkan pada N. viridula akibat terinfeksi cendawan B. bassiana, dan Mortalitas N. viridula (%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan konidia cendawan B. bassiana berpengaruh nyata terhadap masa inkubasi pada N. viridula tetapi berpengaruh tidak nayata terhadap stadia perkembangan serangga. Semakin tinggi tingkat kerapatan konidia cendawan B. bassiana yang diaplikasikan, maka semakin cepat timbulnya gejala white muscardine pada serangga N. viridula di laboratorium. Kerapatan konidia  108 cfu pada 2 hari setelah aplikasi (HSA) serangga sudah mati dan tubuh sudah ditumbuhi cendawan B. bassiana. Stadia perkembangan serangga dan tingkat kerapatan konidia cendawan berpengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas. Mortalitas tertinggi terjadi pada kerapatan konidia 108 cfu yaitu 71,13% pada pengamatan 5 hari HSA. Cendawan B. bassiana berpotensi sebagai agens hayati dalam mengendalikan serangga hama N. viridula yang berwawasan lingkungan.Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana to Insect Nezara viridula (L.) at Different StagesAbstract. Beauveria bassiana is one of the entomopathogenic fungi that is often used as a bioinsecticide in controlling insect pests in cultivated plants. Nezara viridula is one of the main pests on legumes that damage plants by sticking the stylet into the fruit or seed and then sucking the liquid, resulting in a decrease in yield of up to 80% and can even experience puso if not controlled. Pest control using entomopathogenic fungi is expected to control the insect pest N. viridua at different stadia. The purpose of this study was to obtain a concentration of the fungus B. bassiana which was effective in controlling the insect pest N. viridula. The design used in this study was a factorial completely randomized design consisting of 2 factors, namely the conidia density of the fungus B. bassiana with 4 levels, namely K1 (102 cfu), K2 (104 cfu), K3 (106 cfu), and K4 (108 cfu). ), and the developmental stages of insects, namely: S1 (Nymph instrar 2), S2 (Nymph instrar 4), S3 (imago), so that 12 treatment combinations were obtained with 2 replications and 24 experimental units were obtained. The observed variables included the incubation period of  the fungus B. bassiana on N. viridula (days), the symptoms caused in N. viridula due to infection with the fungus B. bassiana, and the mortality of N. viridula (%). The results showed that the conidia density of the fungus B. bassiana had a significant effect on the incubation period of N. viridula but had no significant effect on the developmental stage of insects. The higher the conidia density of the fungus B. bassiana applied, the faster the symptoms of white muscardine in N. viridula insects appeared in the laboratory. Conidia density of 108 cfu at 2 days after application (HSA) the insects were dead and the body was overgrown with B. bassiana fungus. Insect developmental stadia and fungal conidia density had a significant effect on mortality. The highest mortality occurred at conidia density of 108 cfu, which was 71.13% at 5 days of HSA observation. The fungus B. bassiana has the potential as a biological agent in controlling the insect pest N. viridula in an environmentally sound manner.
Biodiversitas Serangga Herbivora pada Beberapa Varietas Padi di Ekosistem Persawahan Zahratul Mahfuzah; Muhammad Sayuthi; Hasnah Hasnah
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian Vol 8, No 2 (2023): Mei 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (423.192 KB) | DOI: 10.17969/jimfp.v8i2.24736

Abstract

Abstrak. Serangga herbivora merupakan salah satu kelompok serangga yang dominan pada ekosistem persawahan dan merupakan serangga pemakan tumbuhan yang dapat menimbulkan kerusakan pada tanaman sehingga dapat menurunkan produktivitas tanaman. Serangga herbivora dianggap hama oleh petani dan sebagai faktor penyebab utama terjadinya penurunan hasil, baik secara langsung memakan jaringan tanaman dan menurunkan kualitas maupun kuantitasnya yang berdampak pada kerugian ekonomi. Keberadaan serangga herbivora pada lahan persawahan secara tidak langsung dipengaruhi oleh varietas padi yang ditanam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan padi sawah Varietas Inpari 16, Ciherang dan IR 64 di Desa Lam Reh Kecamatan Darussalam Kabupaten Aceh Besar dan serangga diidentifikasi di Laboratorium Dasar Perlindungan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan menggunakan perangkap Sweep net, Pitfall trap, dan secara mekanis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, secara keseluruhan ditemukan 6 ordo, 28 famili, 38 morfospesies dan 2669 individu serangga herbivora. Pada Varietas Inpari 16 terdapat 5 ordo, 22 famili, 29 morfospesies, 225 individu dan pada Varietas Ciherang terdapat 6 ordo, 18 famili, 22 morfospesies, 281 individu serta pada Varietas IR 64 terdapat 5 ordo, 21 famili, 27 morfospesies, 2063 individu. Populasi paling banyak didapatkan adalah pada Varietas IR 64 yang disebabkan terdapat morfospesies yang sangat mendominasi yaitu Leptocorisa oratorius (Hemiptera: Alydidae).Kata kunci : Serangga Herbivora, Keanekaragaman, Varietas Padi, Ekosistem SawahAbstract. Herbivorous insects are one of the dominant insect groups in the paddy field ecosystem and are plant-eating insects that can cause damage to plants so that they can reduce plant productivity. Herbivorous insects are considered pests by farmers and are the main factor causing a decrease in yield, both directly eating plant tissue and reducing the quality and quantity which results in economic losses. The presence of herbivorous insects in paddy fields is indirectly influenced by the variety of rice planted. The research was carried out on rice fields of the Inpari 16, Ciherang and IR 64 varieties in Lam Reh Village, Darussalam District, Aceh Besar District and the insects were identified at the Basic Laboratory of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Syiah Kuala. This study used a descriptive method and used Sweep net traps, Pitfall traps, and mechanically. The results showed that overall, there were 6 orders, 28 families, 38 morphospecies and 2669 individual herbivorous insects. In the Inpari 16 variety there were 5 orders, 22 families, 29 morphospecies, 225 individuals and in the Ciherang variety there were 6 orders, 18 families, 22 morphospecies, 281 individuals and in the IR 64 variety there were 5 orders, 21 families, 27 morphospecies, 2063 individuals. The most abundant population was found in the IR 64 variety due to the dominating morphospecies, Leptocorisa oratorius (Hemiptera: Alydidae).Keywords: Insect, Biodiversity, variety of paddy, rice ecosystem
Uji Konsentrasi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Jengkol Terhadap Ulat Grayak Spodoptera litura di Laboratorium Azlansah Azlansah; Alfian Rusdy; Hasnah Hasnah
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian Vol 4, No 2 (2019): Mei 2019
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (380.324 KB) | DOI: 10.17969/jimfp.v4i2.3110

Abstract

Abstrak.Ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura F.) merupakan hama yang bersifat polifagus, menyerang banyak jenis tanaman pangan dan hortikultura. Serangan hama ini dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas hasil mencapai 80%, dan serangan berat menyebabkan puso (gagal panen). Larva memakan daun tanaman yang masih muda hingga meninggalkan tulang daun saja. salah satu pengendalian hama pestisida nabati yang efektif adalah Jengkol yang merupakan tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai pestisida nabati karena mengandung senyawa aktif seperti teroid, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan glikosida, Senyawa aktif dari kulit buah jengkol ini bisa digunakan sebagai pengendali serangga hama ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura). Hama ini bersifat polifagus dan merupakan hama utama pada tanaman pangan dan hortikultura. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 6 taraf konsentrasi ekstrak kulit buah jengkol, setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga jumlah unit percobaan menjadi 24 unit. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ekstrak kulit buah jengkol berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas larva, persentase luas daun terserang, persentase pupa yang terbentuk dan persentase imago yang muncul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ekstrak kulit buah jengkol efektif untuk mengendalikan hama ulat grayak S. litura  pada daun sawi di Laboratorium. Penggunaan ekstrak kulit buah jengkol dengan dosis 10% mengakibatkan mortalitas larva mencapai 85% pada 5 hari setelah aplikasiCONCENTRATION TEST OF JENGKOL SKIN EXTRACT  AGAINST ARMYWORM Spodoptera litura F.  AT LABORATORYAbstract.Jengkol is one of the potential crops as a plant pesticide because it contains active compounds such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and glycosides. The active compounds of jengkol skin can be used as a control of armywormpest insect (Spodoptera litura). This pest is polyphagous and is a major pest in crops and horticulture.  This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) non factorial with 6 level of djenkol skin extract concentration, each treatment was repeated four times so that the number of experimental units are 24 units. The purpose of this study was to obtain an effective jengkol skin extract concentration which are effective in controlling pests S. litura. in the laboratory. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Pests, Plant Protection Department-Faculty of Agriculture, University of Syiah Kuala, Darussalam Banda Aceh. The study lasted from August 2015 until October 2015.The results showed that the application of djenkolskin extract has effect on the mortality of larvae. All treatments containing djenkolskin extract in the observation of 5 HSA highest mortality found in the djenkol skin extract concentration (10%) is 85%, and the lowest concentration (2%), is 45%. The percentage of leaf area affected in the 5 HSA observation can be seen in the control treatment (0%) which was significantly different from all other treatments. The higher the concentration of jengkol skin extracts, the lower the percentage of leaf area attacked by S. litura larvae. The highest percentage of pupae is formed in the control treatment (100%) followed by K1 (55%) and the lowest is in treatment K5 (15%). Percentage of pupae that is formed has to do with the mortality of S. Litura larvae in the 5 HSA observation. The highest percentage of imago  that is found in K0 (control) is 80%, while in K1, K2, K3 and K4 treatments are not significantly different, that is ranged from 2.50 to 10.00% but it is significantly different from the K5, that is 0.00%. The results of the study showed that the application of djenkolskin extract is effective for armyworm S. Litura pest control on mustard leaves in the laboratory. The use of the jengkol skin extract with a concentration of 10% cause the mortality of larvae reached 85% after 5 days application.