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Life Cycle Inventory Mass Balance dan Energy Balance pada Proses Produksi CPO di PTPN IV PKS Bah Jambi Sumatera Utara Heny Mahrani Rizkiyah Siregar; Rita Khathir; Kiman Siregar
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian Vol 7, No 2 (2022): Mei 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (302.895 KB) | DOI: 10.17969/jimfp.v7i2.19988

Abstract

Abstrak. Indonesia merupakan produsen minyak sawit terbesar di dunia berperan penting dalam kegiatan ekonomi karena dapat menghasilkan minyak nabati dalam jumlah besar yang dibutuhkan oleh sektor industri sawit. Industri merupakan salah satu pengguna energi yang cukup besar. Dalam pelaksanaan proses produksi, industri menggunakan berbagai macam sumber energi baik yang berasal dari bahan bakar maupun yang berasal dari listrik. Pada proses pengolahan CPO (crude palm oil), terjadi beberapa tahapan proses yang memerlukan masukan-masukan material dan energi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (PKS) Bah Jambi di Sumatera Utara. Hasil penelitian bahwa perusahaan menggunakan 4 sumber energi yaitu energi listrik, energi uap, energi BBM solar, dan energi biomassa. Rendemen hasil analisis sebesar 22,7% lebih kecil dari informasi rendemen perusahaan sebesar 24%. Pada tahapan pengolahan TBS menjadi CPO, sumber utama energi adalah energi uap sebesar 97,09%, di mana unit proses yang paling banyak mengonsumsi energi adalah unit proses pengempaan sebesar 30,85% dan unit penerimaan buah sebesar 25,32%. Sedangkan pada sarana pendukung, sumber energi utama juga energi uap sebesar 69,85%, di mana energi terbesar dibutuhkan untuk pengoperasian boiler sebesar 97,17%. Secara total, input energi berasal dari pembakaran biomassa sebesar 75%, energi uap 23%, energi BBM solar dan energi listrik sebesar 1%. Adapun efesiensi riil penggunaan boiler adalah 31,53%, efesiensi turbin dan generator dalam menghasilkan energi listrik 2,64%, dan efesiensi total penggunaan listrik sebesar 98,65%. Strategi peningkatan efisiensi ada beberapa cara yaitu pemanfaatan bahan bakar pada stasiun boiler dan pemanfaatan produksi limbah cair.Life Cycle Inventory Mass Balance And Energy Balance In CPO Production Process In PTPN IV PKS Bah Jambi North SumateraAbstract. Indonesia is the world's largest producer of palm oil and plays an important role in economic activity because it can produce large amounts of vegetable oil needed by the palm industry sector. Industry is one of the largest energy users. In carrying out the production process, the industry uses various sources of energy, both from fuel and from electricity. In the CPO processing, there are several process stages that require material and energy inputs. This research was conducted at the Bah Jambi Palm Oil Mill (PKS) in North Sumatra. The results showed that the company uses 4 energy sources, namely electrical energy, steam energy, diesel fuel energy, and biomass energy. The yield of the analysis results is 22.7% smaller than the company's yield information of 24%. At the processing stage of FFB into CPO, the main source of energy is steam energy of 97.09%, where the processing unit that consumes the most energy is the pressing process unit at 30.85% and the fruit receiving unit at 25.32%. While for supporting facilities, the main energy source is also steam energy of 69.85%, where the largest energy required for boiler operation is 97.17%. In total, energy input comes from biomass burning by 75%, steam energy 23%, diesel fuel energy and electricity energy by 1%. The real efficiency of the use of boilers is 31.53%, the efficiency of turbines and generators in generating electrical energy is 2.64%, and the total efficiency of electricity use is 98.65%. There are several strategies to increase efficiency, namely the use of fuel at the boiler station and the use of liquid waste production.
Study on Characteristics of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch to Predict Condensation Temperature of Tar From Its Pyrolysis Gas Joni Joni; Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan; Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan; Kiman Siregar
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): September 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i3.42

Abstract

Palm oil is one type of plants that has various advantages. One of the advantages is almost all parts of the plant, such as trunk, empty fruit bunch (EFB), and the extracted oil, can be utilized as energy. Utilization of EFB for energy, especially the use of combustible gas as direct feed of combustion engines to generate electricity is still rarely used. This is related to the water content and the large amount of volatile substances that will give an unfavorable impact on the quality of the gas produced. To overcome this, information on the characteristics and thermophysical properties, such as dew point, of gases from the EFB biomass is indispensable. In this study, three EFB samples were taken from three different environmental conditions, namely samples A, B and C, to be analyzed. The elemental and proximate analysis as well as GCMS pyrolysis test of the samples were then used to characterize the EFB and determine its thermo-physical properties in terms of its dew point. The elemental analysis of the EFB samples showed disparity of its content, which was around 52.08 ± 7.59% (C), 7.05 ± 0.53% (H), 2.28 ± 0.43% (N), 0.35 ± 0.36% (S) and 34.84 ± 4.45% (O). Likewise, the proximate analysis showed differences around 4.49 ± 2.60% (MC), 5.80 ± 1.97% (FC) and 73.44 ± 3.78% (VM). From the elemental and proximate analysis, it can be predicted that tar compounds produced from pyrolysis of the EFB at a temperature of 400oC, was in the form of mixed oxidation compounds (mixed oxygenates). The compounds were classified as the first tar compound (class 2) consisting of phenols (ketones, phenol and guaiacol). The condensation temperature and the concentration of the tar in its pyrolysis gas were predicted to be 204.22oC, tar 1720.79 mg/Nm3 (sample A); 256.02oC, tar 92.97 mg/Nm3 (sample B); and154.85oC, tar 359.02 mg/Nm3 (sample C), respectively. This information can be useful in designing the tar elimination devices from the pyrolysis gas.