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FILSAFAT HUKUM ISLAM DAN FUNGSINYA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN IJTIHAD akhmad shodikin
Mahkamah : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon

Filsafat hukum Islam adalah pengetahuan tentang hakikat, rahasia, dan tujuan Islam baik yang menyangkut materinya maupun proses penetapannya, atau filsafat yang digunakan untuk memancarkan, menguatkan, dan memelihara hukum Islam, sehingga sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan Allah SWT menetapkannya di muka bumi yaitu untuk kesejahteraan umat manusia seluruhnya. Dengan filsafat ini hukum Islam akan benar-benar “cocok sepanjang masa di semesta alam”(salihun likulli zaman wa makan)”.Selanjutnya pemahaman terhadap “nash Al-Qur’an dan Hadits”, ahli hukum juga dimunkingkan untuk menggali dan menemukan hukum yang berakar pada masyarakat. Upaya ini dalam literatur hukum Islam lazim disebut Ijtihad. Dalam prosenya, ijtihad meniscayakan adanya penalaran yang serius dan mendalam terhadap tujuan ditetapkannya aturan Allah. Jelas dalam hal ini peranan akal tidak dapat dihindari. Dapat dikatakan bahwa memahami tujuan ditetapkannya dalam Islam sama pentingnya dengan memahami nas al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits. Tetu tujuan hukum ini juga dipahami dari nilai dan semangat yang terkandung dalam wahyu Allah. Sedangkan peranan akal dan wahyu dalam menetapkan hukum Islam merupakan kajian utama dalam filsafat hukum Islam. Kata Kunci : Filsafat, Hukum Islam, Ijtihad Philosophy of Islamic law is the knowledge of the nature, secret, and the goal of Islam both concerning the material and the process of its adoption, or philosophy that is used to transmit, strengthen, and maintain Islamic law, so in accordance with the intent and purpose of God Almighty set on earth that is for the welfare all mankind. With this philosophy of Islamic law will actually "fit of all time in the universe" (salihun likulli wa meal times). "Further understanding of the" texts of the Qur'an and hadith ", legal experts also dimunkingkan to dig and find the law rooted in the community. These efforts in the literature of Islamic law, commonly called Ijtihad. In prosenya, ijtihad necessitates the existence of a serious and deep reasoning to the objectives of the enactment of the rule of God. Clearly in this case the role of reason can not be avoided. It can be said that understanding the stipulation of interest in Islam is as important as understanding the passages of the Qur'an and Hadith. Tetu purpose of law is also understood from the values and spirit that is contained in the revelation of God. While the role of reason and revelation in establishing Islamic law is the main study in the philosophy of Islamic law.Keywords: Philosophy, Islamic Law, Ijtihad

PENARIKAN KEMBALI HARTA WAKAF OLEH PEMBERI WAKAF (Studi Komperatif Imam Syafi’i Dan Imam Abu Hanifah) akhmad shodikin; Asep Abdul Aziz
Mahkamah : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon

AbstrakDalam wakaf pasti ada barang yang akan diwakafkan karena jika tidak ada barang yang akan diwakafkan maka mustahil akan terjadinya perwakafan. Para ulama berbeda pendapat mengenai status harta wakaf, Dalam penelitian ini penulis meneliti pendapat Imam Syafi’I dan Imam Abu Hanifah tentang hal penarikan kembali harta wakaf oleh pemberi wakaf, yang mana terjadi perbedaan pendapat (khilafiyah) dan istinbath hukumnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif, Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pendapat Imam Syafi’I wakaf adalah harta yang diwakafkan dari kepemilikan wakaf, dan wakif tidak boleh melakukan apa saja terhadap harta yang diwakafkan. Artinya harta yang sudah diwakafkan tidak bisa diminta kembali, dipindah tangankan, atau dijual, atau yang lainnya. Sedangkan berbeda dengan pendapat Imam Abu Hanifah wakaf adalah penahanan pokok suatu harta dalam tangan pemilikan wakaf dan penggunaan hasil barang itu, yang dapat disebut ‘ariyah (pinjam-meminjam) untuk tujuan amal soleh. Kata kunci : Penarikan harta wakaf oleh Imam Syafi’I dan Imam Abu Hanifah AbstractIn waqf there must be goods that will be represented because if there is no goods to be diwakafkan then impossible will happen perwakafan. The scholars differ on the status of waqf property, In this study the authors examine the opinion of Imam Shafi'i and Imam Abu Hanifah on the matter of withdrawal of wakaf property by the giver of wakaf, in which there are differences of opinion and istinbath law. The research method used is qualitative descriptive. From the results of research shows that the opinion of Imam Syafi'I waqf is the property that is represented from the ownership of waqf, and wakif should not do anything to the property that is represented. This means that the assets that have been reproduced can not be requested, changed hands, or sold, or otherwise. While contrary to the opinion of Imam Abu Hanifah waqf is the main custody of a property in the hands of wakaf ownership and the use of the goods, which can be called 'ariyah (borrow-borrow) for the purpose of charity soleh.Keywords: Withdrawal of wakaf property by Imam Syafi'I and Imam Abu Hanifah

KONSEP PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ANAK PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM akhmad shodikin
Mahkamah : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon

Abstrak Anak adalah bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari keberlangsungan hidup secara tegas dinyatakan bahwa negara menjamin hak setiap anak atas keberlangsungan hidup, tumbuh, dan berkembang serta atas perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi. Perlindungan terhadap anak tidak hanya diberikan kepada anak yang menjadi korban tindak pidana, namun juga kepada anak yang menjadi pelaku tindak pidana,sehingga dalam proses hukum apalagi dalam memberikan putusan pidana seharusnya juga mempertimbangkan masa depan si anak karena bagi suatu negara, anak merupakan harapan masa depan negara. Terhadap anak yang melakukan tindak pidana ini juga dikenai sanksi pidana. Berbicara mengenai pemidanaan terhadap anak sering menimbulkan perdebatan, karena masalah ini mempunyai konsekuensi yang sangat luas baik menyangkut diri prilaku maupun masyarakat. Pemidanaan merupakan unsur dari hukum pidana,dimana pemidanaan itu mempunyai akibat negatif bagi orang yang diberikan sanksi pidana. Seiring dengan Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012. Sedangkan efektivitas penerapan sanksi terhadap anak dalam perspektif restorative jusitce di Wilayah Hukum Polres Mataram adalah cukup efektif karena korban, pelaku dan masyarakat puas dengan penyelesaian secara restorative justice dan mengingat lahirnya Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 Tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Kata Kunci :Pidana, Anak, Restorative Justice. AbstractChildren are an inseparable part of survival which expressly states that the state guarantees the rights of every child to survival, growth and development and to protection from violence and discrimination. Protection of children is not only given to children who are victims of criminal acts, but also to children who are perpetrators of crimes, so that in the legal process especially in giving criminal decisions should also consider the future of the child because for a country, children are the hope of the future country. The child who commits this crime is also subject to criminal sanctions. Talking about criminal prosecution of children often causes debate, because this problem has very broad consequences both regarding self-behavior and society. Criminal punishment is an element of criminal law, where the sentence has a negative effect on the person given criminal sanctions. In line with Law Number 11 of 2012. While the effectiveness of the application of sanctions on children in the perspective of restorative jusitce in the Legal Territory of Mataram Police is quite effective because the victims, perpetrators and the community are satisfied with the restorative justice settlement and considering the birth of Law Number 11 of 2012 About the Child Criminal Justice System. Keywords: Criminal, Child, Restorative Justice.

WAKAF UANG DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM POSITIF Edy Setyawan; Akhmad Shodikin; Burhanuddin Rabbany
Mahkamah : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon

The difference perspectives about endowment among fuqaha is closely related to the respective concept of property (mal). The difference is about property in terms of what can be used as endowments. Do the waqf objects do not move, or move. Then can the objects moves such as money be a property that can be endowments. What is the formulation of the problem are What is meant by money waqf according to Sayyid Sabiq and Law No. 41 of 2004? Why is there a difference between the money waqf law of Sayyid Sabiq and Law No. 41 of 2004? What is the relevance of money waqf in Indonesia by using the rupiah currenlcny?This thesis research is library research. The method used is a qualitative method with a normative - juridical approach. The goals to be achieved with qualitative analysis are to explain a situation, or to analyze the validity of money waqf according to Law No. 41 of 2004 and the invalidity of money endowments according to the views of Sayyid Sabiq. In data analysis, the writer uses descriptive analysis method.The results of the discussion show that according to Sayyid Sabiq the waqf of legal money is invalid. According to him, if someone who will represent something that shows the waqf, it must be on condition that there is the possibility of benefiting from the goods being represented, with the item itself still in existence (baqau ‘ainihi). The legal reason for Sayyid Sabiq who argues that the endowment of illegitimate money is because the money endowments cannot be fixed (baqau ‘ainihi) when used to buy things such as candles, food, and perfume. The opinion of Sayyid Sabiq who considers the invalidity of money waqf is not relevant to the waqf regulations that apply in Indonesia. Because based on the legislation that applies waqf is not enough only with immovable objects but also includes moving objects such as money. This can be accessed from the types of endowments in Indonesia based on Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf and Government Regulation Number 42 of 2006 concerning the implementation of Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf, even though the currency in Indonesia uses the Rupiah is still dependent on foreign currency so it is feared that in the coming years there will be inflation, therefore every nominal represented by waqf there must be reserves in the form of gold, because gold tends to be stable and even the selling price

PERAN HAKIM PERADILAN TERHADAP PARA PENCARI KEADILAN akhmad shodikin
Mahkamah : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon

Abstrak Keadilan merupakan tonggak dari sebuah perkara hukum. Dalam beberapa penanganan kasus hukum yang terjadi di tanah air, seringkali mencuat menjadi bahan perbincangan publik karena putusan pengadilan dianggap mengabaikan nilai-nilai keadilan yang semestinya dirasakan oleh masyarakat dan pencari keadilan. Proses hukum di lingkungan peradilan Indonesia hingga saat ini dianggap belum sepenuhnya mencerminkan nilai-nilai keadilan yang sesungguhnya, keadilan seolah menjadi “barang mahal” yang jauh dari jangkuan masyarakat. Penyusun memaparkan tentang bagaimana peran hakim mencari keadilan substantif untuk memutus perkara peradilan serta tinjuan hukum Positif dan hukum Islam terhadap prosedur hakim dalam mencari keadilan subatantif. Kata Kunci: Peranan Hakim, Peradilan, dan Keadilan Abstract Justice is a milestone of a lawsuit. In some handling of legal cases occurring in the homeland, it is often sticking to the subject of public discussion because the court's decision is considered to ignore the values of justice that should be felt by the public and seekers of justice. The legal process in the Indonesian judiciary to date has not yet fully reflected the true values of justice, justice seems to be "expensive goods" far from the reach of society. The authors describe how the role of the judge seeks substantive justice for deciding judicial matters as well as Positive legal review and Islamic law against judicial procedures in seeking substantive justice. Keywords: The Role of Judges, Justice, and Justice

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