Khotibul Umam
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Analisis Hukum terhadap Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syari’ah Bank Wakaf Mikro di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Khotibul Umam; Yulkarnain Harahab; Haniah Ilhami
Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum Vol 52, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajish.2018.52.2.315-343

Abstract

Abstract: This research focuses on analyzing the position of Sharia Micro Finance Institution – Bank Wakaf Mikro (Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah-Bank Wakaf Mikro/LKMS-BWM) in positive law. Furthermore, this research explores the management and activities of LKMS-BWM in empowering micro-businesses in D.I. Yogyakarta. This is normative legal research and focused on analyzing secondary data, specifically all regulations related to Syariah Micro Finance Institution. The research uses Statutory Approach and Conceptual Approach. The results of this research were analyzed qualitatively. This research finds that: (1) The legal position of LKMS-BWM is an institution incorporated as a Service Cooperative and has a business license known as Sharia Micro Finance Institution; (2) Management and activities of LKMS-BWM in D.I. Yogyakarta involves various stakeholders consisting of donors, LAZNAS BSM UMAT, BWM, and Productive Poor Communities. Financing activities are given in the form of social contracts (qardh) at the first stage and a business contract (tijārah) at the next stage according to the fatwa (Islamic instructions of rules) DSN-MUI. Abstract: Artikel ini mengkaji dan menganalisis kedudukan LKMS-BWM dari perspektif hukum positif, serta tata kelola dan aktivitasnya dalam kaitannya dengan pemberdayaan usaha mikro di D.I. Yogyakarta. Ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu penelitian yang mendasarkan pada data sekunder, khususnya berupa peraturan perundang-undangan dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep serta analisis data kualitatif. Dari kajian dan analisis yang telah dilakukan diperoleh temuan bahwa: pertama, Kedudukan LKMS-BWM adalah lembaga berbadan hukum Koperasi Jasa dan memiliki izin usaha sebagai Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah. BWM adalah branding bagi LKMS sehingga tidak mencerminkan substansi ditinjau dari ketentuan hukum positif, bahkan tidak semua aspek dalam koperasi dan LKM dapat dipenuhi oleh BWM. Kedua, dalam kaitannya dengan pemberdayaan usaha mikro di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, tata kelola dan aktivitas LKMS-BWM telah melibatkan berbagai stakeholders yang terdiri dari donatur, LAZNAS BSM UMAT, BWM, dan Masyarakat Miskin Produktif. Aktivitas pembiayaan diberikan dalam bentuk akad sosial (qardh) pada tahap pertama dan akad bisnis (tijārah) pada tahap berikutnya sesuai fatwa DSN-MUI.
DEKONSTRUKSI FATWA MENGENAI LARANGAN BUNGA BANK (QIYAS VS ISTIHSAN) Khotibul Umam
Veritas et Justitia Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023): Veritas et Justitia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25123/vej.v9i1.6201

Abstract

Deconstruction is intended to serve as critique to the method of determining the prohibition status of bank interest, which is analogous to usury, as well as reconstructing the issue with other methods to produce a more implementable fatwa, especially in a pluralistic society. Normative legal research is carried out using a historical approach and a conceptual approach regarding usury and interest, as well as the methods and the rationale for the prohibition of both. Application of analogy (qiyas) can bring "unsatisfactory" results as a method of granting the legal status of bank interest in the context of a pluralistic society because this reasoning method is heavily focusing on 'illat (ratio legis, legal cause) and does not consider space, time, and circumstances involved. Meanwhile, the application of istihsan (juristic preference) is possible with justification for emergency (necessity), 'urf (custom) and maslahah (benefit), resulting in different legal status of bank interest that not all bank interest is haram. This provides convenience in its implementation within a pluralistic society.