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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Veteriner WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Muchji Martawidjaja
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Veterinary

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Utilization of Rice Straw as Feed Substitution for Small Ruminants Martawidjaja, Muchji
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (168.139 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v13i3.784

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to review rice straw as ruminants feeds, problems in its utilization and alternatives to overcome the problems. Rice straw has great potency as animal feed resources, especially as sources of fiber. The availability of rice straw in several areas of the country as well as the amount of the rice straw ready to be used for ruminants make it a choice as source of feeds. Besides of its availability, rice straw considered to be low quality feeds, as recognized by low protein contents, high percentage of silica and lignin, therefore, the digestibility of rice straw is relatively low. Many treatments to improve rice straw has been conducted, where farmers in Southeast Asia prefer to treat rice straw using urea, because it can improve Nitrogen content  and  digestibility. Research to  improve rice  straw using  supplementation with  agriculture by  products as  well  as leguminosae forages has been conducted for ruminant feeds. Rice straw can be used as much as 10% for grass substitution and about 30% with the use of concentrate supplementation for sheep and goats.   Key words: Rice straw, sheep and goats
Rumen degradable nitrogen inclusion in a native pasture diet for weaner goats ., Kuswandi; Martawidjaja, Muchji; Muhammad, Zulbardi; Setiadi, Bambang; Wiyono, Didi Budi
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 5, No 4 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (133.482 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v5i4.185

Abstract

A complete block design was applied to employ 40 weaner goats, initial weighing average of 14.6 kg, which were grouped into 5 supplementary treatments, i.e. 125, 250, 300, 350 dan 400 g of skim milk/d. Each animal received.1.25 kg gliricidia leaves. Mixed pasture was consumed freely. The research was conducted in Tanjungrejo village, Tongas district, Probolinggo. A digestibility study was conducted for 7 days. Measurements included nutrient intakes and digestibilities, liveweight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS, 1986). The results showed that the medium skim milk level (300 g/d) gave the highest dry component digestibility. Cell wall digestibility from the group given 125-300 g skim milk/d was higher (P<0.05) than those given 350-400 g/d. No significant (P>0.05) difference in organic matter or protein digestibility was found among treatments. Supplementation with 350 g skim milk/d gave higher protein or digestible protein consumption (P<0.05), while supplementation with 125 g/d gave the best feed utilization efficiency. Levels at 125-250 g skim milk/d gave weight gain of about 65 g/d, while at more than 250 g gave 57 g/d or less. The best feed conversion ratio (7.8) was obtained in the group fed 125 g skim milk/d. In order to optimize microbial activity in the rumen, provision of slowly rumen degradable protein sources such as legumes, or rumen undegradable protein is of great importance.   Key words: Rumen degradable N, weaner goats, digestibility, average daily gain
Effects of molasses addition to ration on the productivity of Kacang goats Martawidjaja, MuchJi; Setiadi, B; Sitorus, S
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 3, No 3 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (131.386 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v3i3.109

Abstract

The experiment was conducted in Cilebut Experiment Station, Bogor, with the aim to improve the productivity of Kacang goats. Twenty male goats, 9-10 months old, with an average initial liveweight of 16.27 kg were used. The goats were randomly divided into four treatments with five animals each, and were kept by grouped pen system. The dietary treatments were: (R0) = Elephant grass (EG) + concentrate (C0), (R1) = EG + (95% C0 + 5% molasses), (R2) = EG + (90% C0 + 10% molasses), (R3) = EG + (85% C0 + 15% molasses), respectively. The Elephant grass was offered ad libitum while the concentrate was offered at 3% of total body weight per treatment group. The experiment was carried out for 14 weeks. Feed intake per treatment group, individual weight gain, and feed conversion were analyzed. Average daily gain was analyzed in a completely randomized design. The results indicated that R0 (0% molasses), R1 (5% molasses), R2 (10% molasses) and R3 (15% molasses), did not significantly affect the average daily weight gain (P>0.05) with an overall mean of ADG to be 55.6 g/head/day. Feed intake and feed conversion were not significantly different among dietary treatments with an average dry matter intake of 2,621 g/5 heads/day or 524 g/head/day; protein intake was 370 g/5 heads/day or 74.0 g/head/day with energy intake of 10.929 Mcal/5 heads/day or 2.186 Mcal/head/day, and feed conversion of 9.43. In conclusion, the fact that molasses addition to rations did not affect feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion indicating that the molasses addition did not improve the Kacang goats fattening productivity.   Key words : Productivity, goats, molasses
The effect of protein-energy levels dietary on Kacang goats performances Martawidjaja, MuchJi; Setiadi, B; Sitorus, Sorta S
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 4, No 3 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v4i3.154

Abstract

An experiment was done to evaluate the protein-energy requirement for growing Kacang goats. Twelve males and 18 female goats, seven to eight months old were used in this study and randomized into three treatment groups, with four and six animals each, and were kept in individual pens. The treatments used were: R1= Elephant grass (E.G.) + concentrate C1 (21% CP; 3.9 Mcal GE/kg), R2 = E.G. + concentrate C2 (17% CP; 3.7 Mcal GE/kg), and R3 = E.G. + concentrate C3 (12% CP; 3.5 Mcal GE/kg), respectively. Fresh Elephant grass was offered in restricted, and concentrate was offered at 3% of body weight. The experiment was carried out for 12 weeks. Data were analysed by using factorial completely randomized design 2x3 (3 rations and 2 sexes). Parameters measured were: feed intake; average daily gain and feed conversion. The results indicated that among treatments there was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) intake (P>0.05), but crude protein (CP) intake of R1 was 23,6% higher than treatment R2; treatment R2 was 38.1% higher than R3 (P<0.01). Average daily gain (ADG) between treatment R1 and R2, and between R2 and R3 were not significantly different (P>0.05), but treatment R1 was 36.9% and significantly higher than R3 (P<0.01). Feed conversion (FC) between R1 and R2, and between R2 and R3 were not significantly different (P>0.05), but ration R1 was more efficient than R3 (P<0.01). DM intake, GE intake, and ADG of male goats each were 19.4% (P<0.05); 19.0% (P<0.01), and 28.2% (P<0.01) significantly higher than the female goats. Feed conversion between male and female goats was not significantly different (P>0.05). It was concluded that protein intake and average daily gain were increased, and feed conversion was more efficient as the crude protein-energy levels increased in the ration. Feed intake and average daily gain of male goats were higher and feed conversion was more efficient than the female goats.   Key words : Protein-energy, Kacang goat
Rumen degradable nitrogen inclusion in a native pasture diet for weaner goats Kuswandi .; Muchji Martawidjaja; Zulbardi Muhammad; Bambang Setiadi; Didi Budi Wiyono
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 5, No 4 (2000): DECEMBER 2000
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (133.482 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v5i4.185

Abstract

A complete block design was applied to employ 40 weaner goats, initial weighing average of 14.6 kg, which were grouped into 5 supplementary treatments, i.e. 125, 250, 300, 350 dan 400 g of skim milk/d. Each animal received.1.25 kg gliricidia leaves. Mixed pasture was consumed freely. The research was conducted in Tanjungrejo village, Tongas district, Probolinggo. A digestibility study was conducted for 7 days. Measurements included nutrient intakes and digestibilities, liveweight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS, 1986). The results showed that the medium skim milk level (300 g/d) gave the highest dry component digestibility. Cell wall digestibility from the group given 125-300 g skim milk/d was higher (P<0.05) than those given 350-400 g/d. No significant (P>0.05) difference in organic matter or protein digestibility was found among treatments. Supplementation with 350 g skim milk/d gave higher protein or digestible protein consumption (P<0.05), while supplementation with 125 g/d gave the best feed utilization efficiency. Levels at 125-250 g skim milk/d gave weight gain of about 65 g/d, while at more than 250 g gave 57 g/d or less. The best feed conversion ratio (7.8) was obtained in the group fed 125 g skim milk/d. In order to optimize microbial activity in the rumen, provision of slowly rumen degradable protein sources such as legumes, or rumen undegradable protein is of great importance.   Key words: Rumen degradable N, weaner goats, digestibility, average daily gain
Effects of molasses addition to ration on the productivity of Kacang goats MuchJi Martawidjaja; B Setiadi; S Sitorus
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 3, No 3 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (131.386 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v3i3.109

Abstract

The experiment was conducted in Cilebut Experiment Station, Bogor, with the aim to improve the productivity of Kacang goats. Twenty male goats, 9-10 months old, with an average initial liveweight of 16.27 kg were used. The goats were randomly divided into four treatments with five animals each, and were kept by grouped pen system. The dietary treatments were: (R0) = Elephant grass (EG) + concentrate (C0), (R1) = EG + (95% C0 + 5% molasses), (R2) = EG + (90% C0 + 10% molasses), (R3) = EG + (85% C0 + 15% molasses), respectively. The Elephant grass was offered ad libitum while the concentrate was offered at 3% of total body weight per treatment group. The experiment was carried out for 14 weeks. Feed intake per treatment group, individual weight gain, and feed conversion were analyzed. Average daily gain was analyzed in a completely randomized design. The results indicated that R0 (0% molasses), R1 (5% molasses), R2 (10% molasses) and R3 (15% molasses), did not significantly affect the average daily weight gain (P>0.05) with an overall mean of ADG to be 55.6 g/head/day. Feed intake and feed conversion were not significantly different among dietary treatments with an average dry matter intake of 2,621 g/5 heads/day or 524 g/head/day; protein intake was 370 g/5 heads/day or 74.0 g/head/day with energy intake of 10.929 Mcal/5 heads/day or 2.186 Mcal/head/day, and feed conversion of 9.43. In conclusion, the fact that molasses addition to rations did not affect feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion indicating that the molasses addition did not improve the Kacang goats fattening productivity.   Key words : Productivity, goats, molasses
The effect of protein-energy levels dietary on Kacang goats performances MuchJi Martawidjaja; B Setiadi; Sorta S Sitorus
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 4, No 3 (1999): SEPTEMBER 1999
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v4i3.154

Abstract

An experiment was done to evaluate the protein-energy requirement for growing Kacang goats. Twelve males and 18 female goats, seven to eight months old were used in this study and randomized into three treatment groups, with four and six animals each, and were kept in individual pens. The treatments used were: R1= Elephant grass (E.G.) + concentrate C1 (21% CP; 3.9 Mcal GE/kg), R2 = E.G. + concentrate C2 (17% CP; 3.7 Mcal GE/kg), and R3 = E.G. + concentrate C3 (12% CP; 3.5 Mcal GE/kg), respectively. Fresh Elephant grass was offered in restricted, and concentrate was offered at 3% of body weight. The experiment was carried out for 12 weeks. Data were analysed by using factorial completely randomized design 2x3 (3 rations and 2 sexes). Parameters measured were: feed intake; average daily gain and feed conversion. The results indicated that among treatments there was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) intake (P>0.05), but crude protein (CP) intake of R1 was 23,6% higher than treatment R2; treatment R2 was 38.1% higher than R3 (P<0.01). Average daily gain (ADG) between treatment R1 and R2, and between R2 and R3 were not significantly different (P>0.05), but treatment R1 was 36.9% and significantly higher than R3 (P<0.01). Feed conversion (FC) between R1 and R2, and between R2 and R3 were not significantly different (P>0.05), but ration R1 was more efficient than R3 (P<0.01). DM intake, GE intake, and ADG of male goats each were 19.4% (P<0.05); 19.0% (P<0.01), and 28.2% (P<0.01) significantly higher than the female goats. Feed conversion between male and female goats was not significantly different (P>0.05). It was concluded that protein intake and average daily gain were increased, and feed conversion was more efficient as the crude protein-energy levels increased in the ration. Feed intake and average daily gain of male goats were higher and feed conversion was more efficient than the female goats.   Key words : Protein-energy, Kacang goat
Utilization of Rice Straw as Feed Substitution for Small Ruminants Muchji Martawidjaja
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2003): SEPTEMBER 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (168.139 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v13i3.784

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to review rice straw as ruminants feeds, problems in its utilization and alternatives to overcome the problems. Rice straw has great potency as animal feed resources, especially as sources of fiber. The availability of rice straw in several areas of the country as well as the amount of the rice straw ready to be used for ruminants make it a choice as source of feeds. Besides of its availability, rice straw considered to be low quality feeds, as recognized by low protein contents, high percentage of silica and lignin, therefore, the digestibility of rice straw is relatively low. Many treatments to improve rice straw has been conducted, where farmers in Southeast Asia prefer to treat rice straw using urea, because it can improve Nitrogen content  and  digestibility. Research to  improve rice  straw using  supplementation with  agriculture by  products as  well  as leguminosae forages has been conducted for ruminant feeds. Rice straw can be used as much as 10% for grass substitution and about 30% with the use of concentrate supplementation for sheep and goats.   Key words: Rice straw, sheep and goats
Co-Authors B Setiadi Bambang Setiadi Bambang Setiadi Didi Budi Wiyono Kuswandi . Kuswandi . S Sitorus Sorta S Sitorus Zulbardi Muhammad