Ali Mas’ud
Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Sunan Ampel Surabaya

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ANALISIS DAN MAPPING SYARIAH VERSUS TASAWUF MELALUI PENDEKATAN HISTORIS Mas’ud, Ali
Episteme: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman Vol 8, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Episteme: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman

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Abstract

Ada perbedaan prinsipil antara fikih dan tasawuf dalam tataran empirik. Fikih bercorak simbolistik, legalistik, eksoterik dan formalistik sehingga cenderung melihat sebuah tindakan dari syarat dan rukun, syah dan tidak syah. Sesungguhnya pemahaman yang demikian sepenuhnya tidaklah dapat diterima karena dimungkinkan keterbatasan memahami pesan dan substansi fikih itu sendiri. Fikih sebagai formulasi pemahaman terhadap pesan syariat yang berkaitan dengan perbuatan mukallaf, dari dalil-dalilnya yang bersifat rinci. Sementara itu, ada pula anggapan bahwa bertasawuf adalah identik dengan pola hidup asketis dan kepasrahan hidup statis. Padahal sebetulnya tidak demikian. Sebab tasawuf bercorak esoterik yang lebih berorientasi pada kedalaman spiritualitas dan mengutamakan pendekatan diri kepada Allah. Sebagai seorang Muslim, sudah barang tentu kaum sufi melaksanakan ritus-ritus Islam lainnya, yang maknanya mereka interpretasikan secara lebih mendalam. Bagi mereka, ritus-ritus ini menuju pada tidurnya jiwa dalam kepasrahan kepada Allah, atau bangunnya kalbu dalam menegaskan watak hakiki kemanusiannya. Karenanya, wudhu tidak sekadar membasuh kotoran lahiriah bahkan batiniah saja, melainkan juga penyucian kalbu min ma siwa Allah. Dengan demikian, setiap kaum sufi selalu menempuh jalan yang menurutnya keluar dari wilayah ego, berikut berbagai ektensi dan proyeksinya, menuju realisasi identitas esensialnya. Empirically, fiqh and sufism are different. Fiqh has the symbolic character, legalistic, eksoteric and formalistic. It tends to see a certain action from point of view of condition and administrative, legal and illegal. In fact, such an understanding is not acceptable as a result of the limitation in understanding fiqh. Fiqh is a basic understanding toward messages of syariat which deals with the heresy’s activities from the detailed argumentations. Furthermore, there is an assumption that sufism is identical with the resignation of static life. Sufism has the character of being exoteric emphasizing on spiritualistic. The sufi community do other Islamic rituals and they try to interpret their meanings by themselves. For the sufi community, those rituals are done to resign themselves to Allah. That is why an activity of doing ablution is intended not only to clean up physical organs but also internal aspect. What the sufi community do is principally out of their ego area to close themselves to the God.
Ortodoksi Sufisme K.H. Shalih Darat Mas’ud, Ali
ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Vol 7, No 1 (2012): Islamica
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (266.868 KB) | DOI: 10.15642/islamica.2012.7.1.24-43

Abstract

The subject of this paper is the orthodox nature of KH Shalih Darat’s Sufism. He is an Indonesian Muslim thinker of the 19th century. The paper argues that the man is behind the dissemination of not only Islam but also of Sufism on the Javanese island. Despite his high standing knowledge and piety however, the man is not yet known especially in the academic circle in Indonesia. It is this reason that the paper is interested in exploring his ideas and intellectual biography. The paper tries to show that Muslim community during his lifetime was polarized into the elites and the laymen. K.H. Shalih Darat targeted the latter while not forgetting the former. But the most striking question would be how does his orthodox religiosity fit into the laymen and work for the elites? The paper will try to answer this question by emphasizing first that for the man, orthodoxy is a must for people of the Javanese outlook. And second, it will try show that while orthodoxy and heterodoxy are always at odds with one another, the tension between the two does bring a good implication for the course of dakwah on the island.