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Uji Performansi Alat Pengering Efek Rumah Kaca Hybrid Tipe Rak Berputar untuk Bawang Merah (Allium Cepa L.) Dyah Wulandani; Leopold Oscar Nelwan; Sri Endah Agustina
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 5 No. 2 (2017): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

Abstract Drying is the most important step of shallot processing before it is consumed. Generally, the farmer dried shallot by spreading it on the ground under the sun, however sun drying could not be implemented at rainy season, therefore the mechanical dryer is necessary. The research introduced the rotary tray hybrid green house effect (GHE) solar dryer for shallot drying. The objective of the study was to test the performance of the rotary rack of the GHE hybrid solar dryer for shallot drying. Three drying experiments has been done to got the performance of the Rotary rack type-hybrid GHE solar dryer. The dryer has drying efficiency of 20.8 % and the energy consumed of 12.1 MJ/kg vapor evaporated. Base on the cost analysis, it was obtained that the drying cost was Rp 1,013,- per kg fresh shallot. The shallot drying bussiness is feasible with payback period of 4 years. Volatile reducing substances (VRS) of dried shallot was 31.1 μg eq/g which has no significant decrease compared with fresh shallot. GHE solar dryer -hybrid of solar and biomass energy- utilization for shallot drying is still useful when the solar irradiation is unavailable for sun drying. It could reduce losses caused of decay of shallot.Abstrak Pengeringan merupakan tahap proses pengolahan bawang sebelum siap dikonsumsi. Secara umum petani menjemur bawang merah di bawah sinar matahari. Pada saat musim penghujan, penjemuran langsung tidak mungkin dilakukan, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pengering mekanis. Pengering Efek Rumah Kaca (ERK) energi hibrid biomassa-surya tipe rak berputar merupakan salah satu pilihan. Untuk itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji performansi pengering ERK hibrid untuk mengeringkan bawang merah (Allium Cepa L.). Tiga buah percobaan pengeringan telah dilakukan untuk mendapatkan performansi pengering ERK hibrid tipe rak berputar. Pengering ERK hibrid tipe rak berputar memiliki tingkat efisiensi pengeringan 20.8 % dan nilai konsumsi energy pengeringan yang rendah yaitu 12.1 MJ/kg uap. Berdasarkan analisis biaya, diperoleh biaya pokok pengeringan sebesar Rp 1,013,- per kg bawang merah segar. Usaha pengeringan bawang merah akan kembali modal pada tahun ke-4. Volatile reducing substances (VRS) bawang merah kering adalah 31.1 μg ek/g, penurunannya sangat kecil dibandingkan dengan nilai VRS bawang segar. Pada kondisi dimana surya tidak tersedia untuk melakukan metode pengeringan dengan penjemuran, maka penggunaan pengering ERK hibrid berenergi surya dan biomassa dapat menekan kerugian yang diakibatkan oleh kebusukan.

Simulasi Tungku Gasifikasi Tipe Natural Draft Berbasis Model Efek Cerobong dan Keseimbangan Termokimia Leopold Oscar Nelwan; Dyah Wulandani; Edy Hartulistiyoso; Sri Endah Agustina; Dziyad Dzulfansyah; Erlanda Augupta Pane
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

AbstractThis study was aimed to simulate a novel configuration of gasification stove with the natural draft principles (natural draft gasification or called as NDG stove) based on chimney effect and thermochemical equilibrium modeling. The thermochemical equilbrium model used general stoichiometric gasification,methanation and water-gas shift equations and their equilibrium constant equations as well as the general energy balance equation. Those equations were coupled with the chimney effect equation and then solved to obtain the reaction coefficients, equilibrium constants, reaction temperature as well as the mass flow rate of air. Simulation was performed by using VBA programming codes in Excel. Subsequently, a stove was built in order to obtain the charcoal consumption rate data which is required to validate the model. The test results showed that the combustion rate was constant i.e. 8.8 g/min and the quality of the flame of the stove was visually good. The calculation result showed that the model could succesfully predict the product gases including CO, CH4, CO2, O2, N2 and other gases. The simulation showed that by using lower stoveheight (0.5 and 0.4 m) the combustible gases (CO, H2 and CH4) compositions were increased in such a way that with same combustion rate the potential heat of gas increased from 2.33 kW at stove height of 0.6 m to 2.63 kW at 0.4 m.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensimulasi tungku gasifikasi dengan konfigurasi baru yang menggunakan prinsip natural draft (tungku natural draft gasification atau disebut sebagai tungku NDG) didasarkan padapemodelan efek cerobong dan keseimbangan termokimia. Model keseimbangan termokimia menerapkan persamaan stoikiometri untuk gasifikasi, methanation dan water-gas shift, persamaan-persamaan konstanta keseimbangannya serta persamaan neraca energi umum. Persamaan-persamaan tersebut digabungkan dengan persamaan efek cerbong dan dipecahkan untuk memperoleh koefisien reaksi, konstanta keseimbangan, suhu reaksi dan laju aliran massa udara. Selanjutnya tungku tersebut dikonstruksi dan diuji untuk memperoleh data laju konsumsi arang yang dibutuhkan untuk validasi model. Hasil pengujiankinerja menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tungku untuk arang kayu memiliki laju pembakaran yang konstan 8.8 g/menit dan kualitas nyala api tungku ini cukup baik secara visual. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkanbahwa model yang diterapkan telah dapat memprediksi konsentrasi gas-gas produk yang mencakup CO, CH4, CO2, O2 serta gas N2 dan gas-gas lainnya. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tungku yang lebih rendah (0.5 dan 0.4 m) memberikan konsentrasi gas-gas mampu bakar yang lebih tinggi sedemikian hingga dengan laju konsumsi arang yang sama daya gas potensialnya meningkat dari 2.33 kW pada tinggi0.6 m menjadi 2.63 kW pada tinggi 0.4 m.

Thermal Characteristics of Coconut Shells as Boiler Fuel Muhamad Yulianto; Edy Hartulistiyoso; Leopold Oscar Nelwan; Sri Endah Agustina; Chandra Gupta
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 2 (2023): March 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.48349

Agricultural waste products, such as wood, rice husk, corn waste, and coconut shells, are abundantly available and can potentially be used as an energy source, particularly for direct combustion in boilers. Because coconut production increases every year, it would be useful to find an alternative use for coconut shells, which are a type of coconut waste. As coconut shells can be used as fuel in boilers, the aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal characteristics of coconut shells in this regard. This study used experimental results to evaluate the performance of a boiler when coconut shells were used as solid fuel. The variations in feed rate were 5, 7.5, and 10 kg/h, and the water flow rates varied between 1 litre per minute (lpm), 2 lpm, and 3 lpm. Temperature data were collected every second via data acquisition , and the mass flow rate of the flue gas was collected every 5 min using a pitot tube equation. One of the parameters evaluated in determining the success of coconut shells as boiler fuel is the thermal efficiency of the boiler. The results showed that the maximum thermal efficiency reached approximately 62.04%, and the maximum flue gas temperature was approximately 500 ℃ for a biomass mass flow rate of 7.5 kg/h. The maximum water temperature of the boiler was 99 ℃, which was reached at a minimum water flow rate of 1 lpm. The results showed that coconut shells are suitable for use as boiler fuel.

Thermal Characteristics of Coconut Shells as Boiler Fuel Muhamad Yulianto; Edy Hartulistiyoso; Leopold Oscar Nelwan; Sri Endah Agustina; Chandra Gupta
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 2 (2023): March 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.48349

Agricultural waste products, such as wood, rice husk, corn waste, and coconut shells, are abundantly available and can potentially be used as an energy source, particularly for direct combustion in boilers. Because coconut production increases every year, it would be useful to find an alternative use for coconut shells, which are a type of coconut waste. As coconut shells can be used as fuel in boilers, the aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal characteristics of coconut shells in this regard. This study used experimental results to evaluate the performance of a boiler when coconut shells were used as solid fuel. The variations in feed rate were 5, 7.5, and 10 kg/h, and the water flow rates varied between 1 litre per minute (lpm), 2 lpm, and 3 lpm. Temperature data were collected every second via data acquisition , and the mass flow rate of the flue gas was collected every 5 min using a pitot tube equation. One of the parameters evaluated in determining the success of coconut shells as boiler fuel is the thermal efficiency of the boiler. The results showed that the maximum thermal efficiency reached approximately 62.04%, and the maximum flue gas temperature was approximately 500 ℃ for a biomass mass flow rate of 7.5 kg/h. The maximum water temperature of the boiler was 99 ℃, which was reached at a minimum water flow rate of 1 lpm. The results showed that coconut shells are suitable for use as boiler fuel.

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