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Morphological Characters and Histology of Pheretima darnleiensis ANDY DARMAWAN; RIKA RAFFIUDIN; TRI HERU WIDARTO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 19 No. 1 (2012): March 2012
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Pheretima darnleiensis is a native earthworm of Southeast Asia, India, and Japan. Although it is commonly found in Indonesia, the earthworm has never been studied well. This study was aimed to examine the morphological characters and structure of its several organs for an identification purpose, which is important for the earthworm culture. Earthworms were collected in a plot of 55-150 x 55-150 cm width and 20 cm depth at Bogor Agricultural University in Darmaga and Baranangsiang Campuses by hand sorting method. Examinations were carried out on its external as well as internal characters. The histology of the organs was studied using paraffin method. The observed characters on P. darnleiensis were the presence of prostate gland, one pair of male pores on segment XVIII, a cylindrical body with perichaetine setae, caeca on segment XXVII, copulatory pouches without diverticula and stalked glands, bithecal spermatheca with nephridia, and the first spermathecal pore on segment 4/5. In addition, other characters found on P. darnleiensis were the presence of an annular clitellum on segment XIV-XVI, an epilobus prostomium with open base, approximately 40 single pointed setae on segment XIII, one midventral female pore on segment XIV, one pair of lateroventral male pores on segment XVIII, four pairs of lateroventral spermathecal pores on segment 4/5, 5/6, 6/7, 7/8, and the first middorsal dorsal pore on segment 12/13. The histology of P. darnleiensis showed basic structure as found in other earthworms.

IS FORAGING BEHAVIOR A DAILY ACTIVITY IN Hemidactylus platyurus? Huda Wiradarma; Auni Ade Putri; Tri Heru Widarto
ZOO INDONESIA Vol 30, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Masyarakat Zoologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52508/zi.v30i2.4133

To understand the role of the flat-tailed gecko on pest control in urbanized areas, we observed the foraging behavior and daily activity of H. platyurus. It is one of the house geckos easily found but more studies on their behavior are still lacking. The observation was conducted between 14−27 May 2021, for 18 hours starting from 09.00 to 03.00 WIB using the ad libitum sampling method. Our result suggests that the foraging behavior was found almost every hour of observation, which is strongly influenced by relative humidity and insect abundance. This gecko was observed as a sit-and-wait predator or passively searching for prey. Our observation also indicated that this species has potential to control one of the household pests, the adult ants (alates). Hopefully, this study contributed to the understanding of the foraging behavior of the flat-tailed gecko. However, more studies are needed for better understanding of foraging behavior in the flat-tailed gecko.Keywords: foraging, daily activity, Hemidactylus platyurus.

IS FORAGING BEHAVIOR A DAILY ACTIVITY IN Hemidactylus platyurus? Huda Wiradarma; Auni Ade Putri; Tri Heru Widarto
ZOO INDONESIA Vol 30, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Masyarakat Zoologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52508/zi.v30i2.4133

To understand the role of the flat-tailed gecko on pest control in urbanized areas, we observed the foraging behavior and daily activity of H. platyurus. It is one of the house geckos easily found but more studies on their behavior are still lacking. The observation was conducted between 14−27 May 2021, for 18 hours starting from 09.00 to 03.00 WIB using the ad libitum sampling method. Our result suggests that the foraging behavior was found almost every hour of observation, which is strongly influenced by relative humidity and insect abundance. This gecko was observed as a sit-and-wait predator or passively searching for prey. Our observation also indicated that this species has potential to control one of the household pests, the adult ants (alates). Hopefully, this study contributed to the understanding of the foraging behavior of the flat-tailed gecko. However, more studies are needed for better understanding of foraging behavior in the flat-tailed gecko.Keywords: foraging, daily activity, Hemidactylus platyurus.

Observasi Perilaku Cacing Tanah Metaphire sp. Sebagai Upaya Awal Domestikasi: Behavioural Observation of Earthworm Metaphire sp. as an Initial Domestication Effort Dewi Karmila; Tri Heru Widarto
Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jsdh.9.2.70-80

Earthworms play many roles, comprising processing soil, improving soil fertility, and being an ingredient in various products (e.g., medicine and cosmetics). Therefore, earthworms are widely cultivated. The Indonesian worm, Metaphire sp., constitutes a large biomass but has not been widely researched and cultivated. Domestication is a necessary first step in facilitating cultivation and husbandry. This study aims to determine the natural daily behavioral pattern of adult Metaphire sp. earthworms at the individual level. This research was conducted by collecting and keeping a stock of worms. Then, we observed the natural behavior of Metaphire sp. on and under the soil surface (through a glass terrarium) for seven days each. Observed parameters for each behavior were recorded in the ethogram table. We also sketched and recorded the length of the excavated tunnel. During the day, Metaphire sp. showed predominantly resting or inactive behavior, mostly occurring under the soil surface. Metaphire sp. comes to the ground mostly in the evening. Based on these results, the peak activity of Metaphire sp. can be stated that it takes place at night from 18.00-23.00. At night, Metaphire sp. appeared and did most activities on the surface. We conclude that Metaphire sp. is most active at night, from 18.00- 23.00.

Variasi Bentuk dan Warna Sisik Sayap Kupu-Kupu dan Ngengat: Variations in Shape and Color of Butterfly Wing Scales and Moths Marchika Rimadhanti Irmanda Rani; Tri Atmowidi; Tri Heru Widarto
Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati Vol. 9 No. 4 (2023): 2023
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jsdh.9.4.164-170

Butterflies and moths are members of Lepidoptera with the main characteristic of having two pairs of membranous wings covered with scales. The wings of butterflies and moths have colored patterns that can be used as protection from predators. The aim of this study was to compare the shape, size, and color variations of the scales on the wings of butterflies and moths. Samples of butterflies and moths were collected from the Dramaga Bogor Agricultural University campus. In this study, 11 species of butterflies were used belonging to three families, namely Pieridae, Nymphalidae, and Papilionidae, and 9 species of moths in four families, namely Erebidae, Geometridae, Hesperiidae, and Uraniidae. Observation of scales was carried out with a compound microscope connected to a camera, and measured using imageJ. The shape of the wing scales of butterflies and moths was elongated and widened with the base of the scales and the number of teeth on the distal part varied. The shape of the serrations on the butterfly scales tends to be rounded, while on the moth it is tapered. Larger scale sizes are found on light-colored butterfly scales and dark-colored moth scales.

AKTIVITAS HARIAN MERAK HIJAU (Pavo muticus) DI DALAM KANDANG DI KAMPUS IPB DRAMAGA: Daily Activities of Green Peafowls (Pavo muticus) in Cage at IPB Dramaga Campus Syahras Fathin Aminuddin; Ahsani Taqwim; Fauzia Noorchaliza; Tri Heru Widarto
Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jsdh.12.2.52-61

The study aimed to examine differences in the daily activities of Green peafowl (Pavo muticus) by gender at IPB Dramaga, Bogor. The observation was conducted on two individuals of Green peafowl (one adult male and one adult female) using the focal animal sampling method, with each observation duration of 30 minutes. Daily behavioral data were grouped into 13 observation time ranges. Differene in behavior across observation times were analyzed using the Friedman, while differences between male and female weretested using the Mann-Whitney U test.The results of the analysis show that the highest use of time in the daily behavior of green peafowl is investigative behavior and self-care (>30%), and based on observation time, investigative behavior shows significantly different (p<0.05), while other behaviors are not significantly different (p>0.05). Furthermore, pecking and resting behavior in females was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in males, while display behavior in males was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in females. The conclusion of this study, based on the observation time, is that there are differences in variations in daily behavior of birds (investigative behavior) and in daily behavior (pecking, resting and displaying) based on gender. It is necessary to separate cages by gender outside the mating season and to add feeding areas to ensure animal welfare.

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