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Biochemical Markers for Determining Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque in Stenotic Patient: Biochemical Markers Study of Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Matrix Metallo-Proteinase-9 (MMP-9), Secretory Phospholipase A2 (SPLA2) and CD40 Ligand Tommy Heryantho; Andi Wijaya; Teguh Santoso
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i2.95

BACKGROUND: Thrombus is a main cause of cardiac death. Therefore identifying which coronary artery plaque is vulnerable to rupture is a critical step for cardiac intervention to prevent future cardiac events. Systemic biochemical markers are used for predicting rupture of coronary plaque or identifying stenotic coronary artery plaque(s) vulnerable to rupture.METHODS: Blood samples of 2x24 locations (2x10 controls, 2x12 stable plaques and 2x2 unstable plaques) of 13 patients to undergo stent placement were taken from an artery which showed no stenosis (control), 70% or more stenosis of stable plaques and unstable plaques, respectively. The blood samples were taken by using microcatheter distally and proximally. Concentrations of MPO, MMP-9, SPLA2 and CD40L of each sample were assayed.RESULTS: Concentration of MMP-9 in unstable coronary artery plaque (94.7+14.4 ng/ml) significantly increased compared with that of stable coronary artery plaque (71.0+67.8 ng/ml, p=0.024). SPLA2 concentration significantly decreased in unstable coronary artery plaque (45.9+14.0 pg/ml) compared with that of stable coronary artery plaque (80.9+39.3 pg/ml, p=0.015). Nine of ten studied subjects showed an average of 14.5% (range: 0.0-28.8%) decrease of the SPLA2 concentration in stable plaques compared with that of the non-stenotic coronary artery.CONCLUSION: MMP-9 increased in unstable coronary artery plaque compared with that of stable coronary plaque. Unstable coronary artery plaques absorbed SPLA2 from the vasculars more than the stable plaques and control plaques. MMP-9 and SPLA2 may be used as markers of stability of a plaque in coronary artery in relation to its rupture potential.KEYWORDS: stable and unstable plaque, myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, secretory phospholipase A2, CD40 Ligand

Novel Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease: A Review Anna Meiliana; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v2i3.122

BACKGROUND: The investigation of novel circulating serum and plasma biomarkers in patients with cardiovascular disease has been accelerating at a remarkable pace. New markers or tests are often presented too early to the medical profession, potentially leading to overuse and, thus, extra burden and costs to patients, the healthcare industry, and the economy. The challenge for clinicians and medical researchers is how to optimally apply existing and new markers/tests.CONTENT: Biomarkers are biological parameters that can be objectively measured and quantified as indicators of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or responses to a therapeutic intervention. Typically thought of as disease process screening, diagnosing, or monitoring tools, biomarkers may also be used to determine disease susceptibility and eligibility for specific therapies. Cardiac biomarkers are protein components of cell structures that are released into circulation when myocardial injury occurs. They play a pivotal role in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of patients with chest pain and suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as well as those with acute exacerbations of heart failure.SUMMARY: Active investigation has brought forward an increasingly large number of novel candidate markers but few have withstood the test of time and become integrated into contemporary clinical care because of their readily apparent diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic utility. With regard to the more novel biomarkers, careful thought is needed with regard to the appropriate target populations for discovery and validation, as well as the criteria used to sort out the contenders from the pretenders.KEYWORDS: biomarker, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, risk stratification, diagnosis, prognosis

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Future Regenerative System Medicine Yani Lina; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v4i2.164

BACKGROUND: The potential use of stem cell-based therapies for repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs offers a paradigm shift that may provide alternative therapeutic solutions for a number of disease. Despite the advances, the availability of stem cells remaining a challenge for both scientist and clinicians in pursuing regenerative medicine. CONTENT: Subcutaneous human adipose tissue is an abundant and accessible cell source for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Routinely, the adipose issue is digested with collagenase or related lytic enzymes to release a heterogeneous population for stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells. The SVF cells can be used directly or can be cultured in plastic ware for selection and expansion of an adherent population known as adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs). Their potential in the ability to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and other mesenchymal lineages, as well in their other clinically useful properties, includes stimulation of angiogenesis and suppression of inflammation.SUMMARY: Adipose tissue is now recognized as an accessible, abundant and reliable site for the isolation of adult stem cels suitable for the application of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. The past decade has witnessed an explosion of preclinical data relating to the isolation, characterization, cryopreservation, differentiation, and transplantation of freshly isolated stromal vascular fraction cells and adherent, culture-expanded, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells in vitro and in animal models.KEYWORDS: adipose tissue, adult stem cells, regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells

Association of Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP) and Adiponectin with Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Among Obese Non Diabetic Males Yani Lina; Gatot Susilo Lawrence; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i2.91

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent years. It is commonly associated with type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and hypertension. White adipose tissue (WAT) is a major site of energy storage and is important for energy homeostasis. WAT has been increasingly recognized as an important endocrine organ that secretes a number of biologically active “adipokines”. The resultant higher FFA, FABP4, FABP5 concentration; and lower concentration of adiponectin is known to be correlated with inflammation. The aim of this study was to observe the correlation between FFA, FABP4, FABP5 and adiponectin with TNF-α and Interleukin-6 as markers of inflammation.METHOD: The study was observational with a cross sectional design. The analysis was done on 69 male subjects aged 30-60 years with non diabetic abdominal obesity which is characterized by waist circumference (WC) 98.7±6.5 cm and fasting blood glucose 87.1±9.7 mg/dL. FFA testing was performed by enzymatic colorimetric assay; whereas FABP4, FABP5, TNF-α, adiponectin and IL-6 were performed by ELISA. All statistical calculations were performed with the SPSS 11.5 statistical software package. We used the Pearson or Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient to assess the correlation between various anthropometric and biochemical measures. We also used path analysis Lisrel 8.30 for Windows.RESULT: This study revealed that there was no correlation between FFA, FABP4 and adiponectin with TNF-α and Interleukin-6, whereas there was correlation between FABP5 with TNF- and Interleukin-6. This study also showed there were correlations between WC and hsCRP (r=0.314, p=0.000), WC and IL-6 (r=0.276, p=0.022), FFA and FABP4 (r=0.263, p=0.029), FABP4 and WC (r=0.249, p =0.039), FABP4 and BMI (r=0.311, p=0.009), FABP5 and TNF- (r=0.408, p=0.000), FABP5 and FABP4 (r=0.296, p=0.014), FABP5 and Interleukin-6 (r=0.248, p=0.04), Adiponectin and HDL-Cholesterol (r=0.301, p=0.012).CONCLUSION: Abdominal obesity might contribute to inflammation in obese nondiabetic males. This study indicated that in abdominal obesity, FFA may induce inflammation through FABP4 and FABP5. Advancing our understanding of the function and measurement of FABP4 and FABP5 serum concentration will give insight into the clinical diagnosis of obesity-related metabolic disorders.KEYWORDS: Obesity, Waist Circumference, Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP), Adiponectin, TNF-α, Interleukin-6, Inflammation

The Search for Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease Anna Meiliana; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v2i1.107

BACKGROUND: As population demographic shift and the number of individuals with Alzheimer Disease (AD) continue to increase, the challenge is to develop targeted, effective treatments and our ability to recognize early symptoms. In view of this, the need for specific AD biomarker is crucial.CONTENT: In recent years it has become evident that CSF concentrations of some brain-specific proteins are related to underlying disease pathogenesis and may therefore aid clinical investigation. Among several, we have focused on three candidates that have been suggested to fulfil the requirements for biomarkers of AD: β-amyloid 42 (Aβ42), total Tau (T-tau) and tau phosphorylated at various epitopes (P-tau). An increasing number of studies suggest that supplementary use of these CSF markers, preferably in combination, adds to the accuracy of an AD diagnosis. More recently visinin – like protein (VLP-1), a marker for neuronal cell injury has been studied. CSF VLP-1 concentrations were 50% higher in AD patients than in the control population.SUMMARY: The number of studies aimed at the identification of new biomarkers for AD is expected to increase rapidly, not only because of the increasing insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying this disease, but also because new therapies have been developed or are under consideration now, which warrant an early and specific diagnosis for effective treatment of the patients.KEYWORDS: dementia, amyloid plaque, neurofibrillary tangels, amyloid β-peptide 42 (Aβ42), total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), visinin–like protein 1 (VLP-1)

Biochemical Markers for Differential Diagnosis of Stroke: A Biochemical Markers Study of S100B Protein, Neuron Spesific Enolase (NSE), Myelin Basic Protein (MBP), and Heart-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein (H-FABP) Evy Liswati; Andi Wijaya; Teguh A. S. Ranakusuma
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i1.85

BACKGROUND: Differential diagnosis between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, which determine how to treat the patients, was performed by CT-Scan. CT-Scan is not always available in all Indonesian health care facility. Other alternative using biochemical markers needed to be studied.METHODS: In total of 44 stroke patients consist of 25 ischemic and 19 hemorrhagic strokes according to CTScan, participated in this study. S100B Protein, NSE, MBP and H-FABP concentration in the blood of each stroke patient was determined.RESULTS: Among the biochemical markers used, only MBP at cut off point 0,712 ng/ml could be used for diagnosing hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke for serum samples obtained until 72 hours after onset of the stroke. If samples could be obtained within 24 hours, S100B Protein and MBP could be used for diagnosing hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke. If both markers increased (S100B Protein >7.55 pg/ml and MBP >0.109 ng/ml) sensitivity and specificity would be 77.8% and 84.6% respectively.CONCLUSIONS: MBP and S100B Protein are promising markers for differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke. Using serum samples obtained within 24 hours after onset and multiple markers (MBP and S100B Protein) will improved diagnostic performance of the test.KEYWORDS: Stroke, S100B Protein, Neuron Specific Enolase, Myelin Basic Protein, and Heart-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein

HDL: More Than Just Cholesterol Anna Meilina; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v2i3.123

BACKGROUND: Plasma concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are strongly, consistenly, and independently inversely associated with risk of atheroschlerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the last decade has seen several observations that do not follow this simple script.CONTENT: A proteomic analysis of HDL has given us an intriguing glimpse into novel components of HDL. HDL isolated from normal humans contains several classes of proteins, including not only apolipoproteins, but also complement regulatory proteins, endopeptidase inhibitors, hemopexin, and acute phase response proteins. These observations raise the possibility of unsuspected roles for HDL. HDL delivery of complement proteins would implicate HDL in innate immunity. Serine proteinase inhibitors would enable HDL to modulate proteolysis of the vessel wall. HDL from patients with coronary artery disease was enriched in apoE, apoC-IV, apoA-IV, Paraoxonase (PON), and complement factor C3. Highlighted additional mechanisms through which HDL protects the vessel wall are: HDL improves vascular function, decreases vascular inflammation, detoxifies radicals, and limits thrombosis.SUMMARY: Both inter- and intra-organ desynchrony may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease attributable to effects in brain and multiple metabolic tissues including heart, liver, fat, muscle, pancreas, and gut. Efforts to dissect the molecular mediators that coordinate circadian, metabolic, and cardiovascular systems may ultimately lead to both improved therapeutics and preventive interventions.KEYWORDS: HDL, Apo–A1, RCT, inflammation, HDL dysfunction, HDL proteome, HDL & Apo–A1 mimetics

Correlation between Systemic Arterial Hypertension and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Central Obese Non-Diabetic Men with Evidence of Coronary Artery Calcification Antonia Anna Lukito; Allen Widyasanto; Trilis Yulianti; Rusli Muljadi; Andi Wijaya; Peter Kabo; Syakib Bakri
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v3i3.149

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have confirmed separately the relationship between obesity, insulin-resistance, hypertension and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) with coronary artery calcification, a parameter of subclinical atherosclerosis. It was also reported that BMPs may function as proinflammatory, prohypertensive and proatherogenic mediators. The study aimed to assess the correlation between systemic hypertension and BMP-2 plasma concentration in central-obese non-diabetic men with evidence of coronary artery calcification.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study on 60 central-obese non-diabetic men, of an average age of 55.2 years, with evidence of coronary calcification, who came for health check-up and met the inclusion criteria consecutively as defined by waist circumference >90 cm and fasting blood glucose <126 mg/dL. Coronary calcification was defined by coronary artery calcium (CAC) score ≥10 Agatson-unit Dual Source 64 slice CT scan.RESULTS: There is positive correlation between hypertension and BMP-2 in central-obese non-diabetic men with evidence of coronary artery calcification. BMP-2 plasma concentration was higher in the hypertensive subjects. The correlation was stronger in younger (<55 years old) subjects and subjects with insulin-resitance.KEYWORDS: hypertension, BMP-2, coronary calcification, central obesity, age, insulin resistance

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