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Montaser A.M. Al-Hammady
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Hurghada, Egypt
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Experimental effect of temperature and sedimentation on bleaching of the two Red Sea corals Stylophora pistillata and Acropora humilis MOHAMMED S.A. AMMAR; AHMED H. OBUID-ALLAH; MONTASER A.M. AL-HAMMADY
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 5 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n050205

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Abstract. Ammar MSA, Obuid-Allah AH, Al-Hammady MAM. 2013. Experimental effect of temperature and sedimentation on bleaching of the two Red Sea corals Stylophora pistillata and Acropora humilis. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 75-85. At 26°C (the control sample), the loss of zooxanthellae by each of the two studied corals Stylophora pistillata and Acropora humilis was very low. Cell viability of the two studied corals was similar at 26 and 29°C, but depicted a sharp decline of zooxanthellae lost at 31°C through time. As the temperature increased to 35°C, the loss of zooxanthellae from each host increased both with time and temperature elevation. The coral A. humilis had a higher decrease in its zooxanthellae densities than S. pistillata at the same treatment. Bleaching temperature threshold was 33°C or less for the two species S. pistillata and A. humilis where 51% of their zooxanthellae were lost after 24 h of exposure. In samples exposed to sediment concentration of 0.1 mg/cm2/L, zooxanthellae densities of A. humilis and S. pistillata did not show any decrease after 1 day. However, after 1 days of exposure to 0.5 mg/cm2/L, zooxanthellae densities were significantly different from those of the controls. Increases in sediment concentration to 1 mg/cm2/L caused a decrease in zooxanthellae densities that vary greatly over time. Measurements of zooxanthellae densities of A. humilis and S. pistillata at this stage revealed a highly significant difference between exposed and control sample. At 1 g/cm2/L, the number of zooxanthellae lost from A. humilis was higher than those lost from S. pistillata at same time. It is suggested that, the normal sedimentation rate for A. humilis and S. pistillata to be in an order of 1 mg/cm2/L or less.
Patterns of fertility in the two Red Sea Corals Stylophora pistillata and Acropora humilis MOHAMMED S.A. AMMAR; AHMED H. OBUID-ALLAH; MONTASER A.M. AL-HAMMADY
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 4 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n040204

Abstract

Abstract. Ammar MSA Obuid-Allah AH, Al-Hammady MAM. 2012. Patterns of fertility in the two Red Sea Corals Stylophora pistillata and Acropora humilis. Nusantara Bioscience 4: 62-75. Patterns of fertilities (total testes and total eggs) for the hermatypic coral Acropora humilis were lower than those in Stylophora pistillata at the four studied sites. Site 3 (El-Hamraween harbor), the site impacted with phosphate, recorded the highest annual mean of testes number and egg number in the two studied species Acropora humilis and S. pistillata. However, site 1, the site impacted with oil pollution and fishing activities, recorded the lowest annual mean of testes number, total testes, egg number and total egg for the two studied species. Thus, phosphorus enrichment seems to be considerably less destructive than oil pollution, and thus may represent an ‘eco-friendly’. Testes were observed fully of sperms during winter season in the sectioned polyps of A. humilis, while eggs were detected during autumn and winter. However, the lack of eggs in S. pistillata occurred only during spring season at all the studied sites. In the studied coral species, the ova were developed first before spermeria. The breeding season of coral reefs differs in both different localities and different species extending from December to July in the northern Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba and Southern Red Sea (the present study). While in A. humilis, the breeding season extends from February to June in the Great Barrier Reef, in the Gulf of Aqaba and in Hurghada (the present study). Tough control, public awareness and continuous shore patrolling to the activities of oil pollution and fishing activities at the vicinity of site 1 (Ras El-Behar) are urgent. Although existing corals may continue to grow and survive in an area with elevated nutrients levels, it is essential to maintain water quality on coral reefs within ecologically appropriate limits to ensure successful reproduction of coral and provide recruits for the long- term maintenance and renewal of coral populations.
Co-Authors AHMED H. OBUID-ALLAH Ahmed H. Obuid-Allah MOHAMMED S.A. AMMAR MOHAMMED S.A. AMMAR